Download or read book The High Countrate Performance of Positron Emission Tomography Systems Using Continuous Position sensitive Scintillation Detectors written by David A. Mankoff and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of a Scintillation Detector and the Influence on Clinical Imaging written by Joseph Vincent Panetta and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The detector is the functional unit within a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanner, serving to convert the energy of radiation emitted from a patient into positional information, and as such contributes significantly to the performance of the scanner. Excellent spatial resolution in continuous detectors that are thick has proven difficult to achieve using simple positioning algorithms, leading to research in the field to improve performance. This thesis aims to investigate the effect of modifications to the scintillation light spread within the bulk of the scintillator to improve performance, focusing on the use of laser induced optical barriers (LIOBs) etched within thick continuous crystals, and furthermore aims to translate the effect on detector performance to scanner quantitation in patient studies. The conventional continuous detector is first investigated by analyzing the various components of the detector as well as its limitations. It is seen that the performance of the detector is affected by a number of variables that either cannot be improved or may be improved only at the expense of greater complexity or computing time; these include the photodetector, the positioning algorithm, and Compton scatter in the detector. The performance of the detectors, however, is fundamentally determined by the light spread within the detector, and limited by the depth-dependence of the light spread and poor performance in the entrance region, motivating efforts to modify this aspect of the detector. The feasibility and potential of LIOBs to fine-tune this light spread and improve these limitations is then studied using both experiments and simulations. The behavior of the LIOBs in response to optical light is investigated, and the opacity of the etchings is shown to be dependent on the parameters of the etching procedure. Thick crystals were also etched with LIOBs in their entrance region in a grid pattern in order to improve the resolution in the entrance region. Measurements show an overall improvement in spatial resolution: the resolution in the etched region of the crystals is slightly improved (e.g., ~0.8mm for a 25mm thick crystal), though in the unetched region, it is slightly degraded (e.g., ~0.4mm for a 25mm thick crystal). While the depth-dependence of the response of the crystal is decreased, the depth-of-interaction (DOI) performance is degraded as well. Simulation studies informed by these measurements show that the properties of the LIOBs strongly affect the performance of the crystal, and ultimately further illustrate that trade-offs in spatial resolution, position sampling, and DOI resolution are inherent in varying the light spread using LIOBs in this manner; these may be used as a guide for future experiments. System Monte Carlo simulations were used to investigate the added benefit of improved detector spatial resolution and position sampling to the imaging performance of a whole-body scanner. These simulations compared the performance of scanners composed of conventional pixelated detectors to that of scanners using continuous crystals. Results showed that the improved performance (relative to that of 4-mm pixelated detectors) of continuous crystals with a 2-mm resolution, pertinent to both the etched 14mm thick crystal studied as well as potential designs with the etched 25mm thick crystal, increased the mean contrast recovery coefficient (CRC) of images by ~22% for 5.5mm spheres. Last, a set of experiments aimed to test the correspondence between quantification in phantom and patient images using a lesion embedding methodology, so that any improvements determined using phantom studies may be understood clinically. The results show that the average CRC values for lesions embedded in the lung and liver agree well with those for lesions embedded in the phantom for all lesion sizes. In addition, the relative changes in CRC resulting from application of post-filters on the subject and phantom images are consistent within measurement uncertainty. This study shows that the improvements in CRC resulting from improved spatial resolution, measured using phantom studies in the simulations, are representative of improvements in quantitative accuracy in patient studies. While unmodified thick continuous detectors hold promise for both improved image quality and quantitation in whole-body imaging, excellent performance requires intensive hardware and computational solutions. Laser induced optical barriers offer the ability to modify the light spread within the scintillator to improve the intrinsic performance of the detector: while measurements with crystals etched with relatively transmissive etchings show a slight improvement in resolution, simulations show that the LIOBs may be fine-tuned to result in improved performance using relatively simple positioning algorithms. For systems in which DOI information is less important, and transverse resolution and sensitivity are paramount, etching thick detectors with this design, fine-tuned to the particular thickness of the crystal and application, is an interesting alternative to the standard detector design.
Download or read book Towards High Sensitivity and High Spatial Resolution Positron Emission Tomography Imaging written by Zheng Gu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High sensitivity and high resolution have been pursued as some of the most important research goals for preclinical Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. PETbox4, a new, fully tomographic bench top PET scanner dedicated for mouse imaging, was designed and developed in this work. The aim of the PETbox4 scanner is to achieve very high sensitivity and produce high quality PET tomographic images for molecular imaging based biomedical research. Performance of the prototype PETbox4 system was characterized using the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU 4-2008 standards. Due to the different characteristics caused by the compact geometrical factors, PETbox4 requires data acquisition protocols that differ from those optimized for conventional large diameter ring systems. In this work the energy window for data acquisitions with PETbox4 was optimized using the Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) simulation. A lower level discriminator (LLD) of 350 keV was proposed as the optimized energy threshold. Pulse pileup is a common problem in multiplexed scintillator detectors readout by resistor divider networks. In this work, a new pileup rejection method named position shift rejection (PSR) is introduced. The PSR method is based on the detection of position shifts on event location as the signal is being integrated. Both simulations and physical measurements show that PSR performs more accurate rejection and avoids erroneous rejection and loss of sensitivity compared to the conventional leading edge rejection (LER) method. A new phoswich DOI Detector with crystal scatter identification capability is being designed and developed for implementation in a next generation small animal PET system at UCLA. Both simulations and measurements were performed to evaluate the characteristics and benefits of the proposed design. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the proposed detector is feasible and can potentially lead to a high spatial resolution, high sensitivity and DOI PET system.
Download or read book Mathematics and Physics of Emerging Biomedical Imaging written by Committee on the Mathematics and Physics of Emerging Dynamic Biomedical Imaging and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-03-13 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This cross-disciplinary book documents the key research challenges in the mathematical sciences and physics that could enable the economical development of novel biomedical imaging devices. It is hoped that the infusion of new insights from mathematical scientists and physicists will accelerate progress in imaging. Incorporating input from dozens of biomedical researchers who described what they perceived as key open problems of imaging that are amenable to attack by mathematical scientists and physicists, this book introduces the frontiers of biomedical imaging, especially the imaging of dynamic physiological functions, to the educated nonspecialist. Ten imaging modalities are covered, from the well-established (e.g., CAT scanning, MRI) to the more speculative (e.g., electrical and magnetic source imaging). For each modality, mathematics and physics research challenges are identified and a short list of suggested reading offered. Two additional chapters offer visions of the next generation of surgical and interventional techniques and of image processing. A final chapter provides an overview of mathematical issues that cut across the various modalities.
Download or read book Modelling Monolithic Scintillator Detectors for Positron Emission Tomography written by Dingeman Jan Van Der Laan and published by Delft University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume investigates the use, design and modelling of monolithic scintillation detectors as an alternative for high resolution Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Many detectors currently used for high resolution PET utilize scintillating crystals coupled to photo-multiplier tubes. But such detectors tend not to be sufficiently sensitive, neither do they correct for depth of interaction. Monolithic scintillation detectors offer a promising alternative which overcomes these problems. They potentially have both a higher sensitivity and improved resolution. This work examines the performance of such detectors and seeks to attain a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the relationship between the properties shape, dimensions, materials used etc.
Download or read book Nuclear Oncology written by H. William Strauss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-27 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the reader with a comprehensive understanding of both the basic principles and the clinical applications of nuclear oncology imaging techniques. The authors have assembled a distinguished group of leaders in the field who provide valuable insight on the subject. The book also includes major chapters on the cancer patient and the pathophysiology of abnormal tissue, the evaluation of co-existing disease, and the diagnosis and therapy of specific tumors using functional imaging studies. Each chapter is heavily illustrated to assist the reader in understanding the clinical role of nuclear oncology in cancer disease therapy and management.
Download or read book Design and Development of a 1mm Resolution Clinical Positron Emission Tomography PET System written by Frances Wing Yee Lau and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is an in-vivo medical imaging modality that extracts information about molecular processes associated with disease. A PET system produces an image of radiopharmaceuticals that have preferentially accumulated in certain cells of tissues in the body, such as cancerous lesions. Clinical PET systems have about 5-10mm spatial resolution, and thus have difficulty resolving very small lesions. So, improving the resolution of PET is an active area of research. This thesis describes the design of a 1mm resolution PET system for breast cancer imaging and the strategies used to overcome the challenges of developing such a high resolution PET system. The detectors in this PET system consist of lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) scintillation crystal arrays coupled to position-sensitive avalanche photodiodes (PSAPDs). There will be over 2000 Dual-LYSO-PSAPD detector modules in the final system, each requiring a bias voltage of 1750 Volts. A programmable high voltage distribution method allows the bias voltage to be optimized for each detector module. Multiplexing of detector signals reduced the number of interconnects by 40% and front-end electronic channels by 33%. Charge division and charge sharing signal conditioning compensate for the mismatch between the detector signal and the front-end electronics input dynamic range, as well as for parasitic capacitance introduced by interconnect. A model of the detectors and electronics was created to help understand the system and to assist in the system design process. Two cartridges of the system, consisting of 256 Dual-LYSO-PSAPD detectors, were constructed and characterized. The system energy resolution was 11% FWHM (full-width-at-half-maximum) and the measured spatial resolution was less than 1mm. The system was able to produce reconstructed images of a phantom with 1.2mm rods filled with a solution of the positron emitter Fluorine-18.
Download or read book A High Performance Detector Electronics System for Positron Emission Tomography written by John Clifton Moyers and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography written by Markus Schwaiger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is the mark of an instructed mind to rest satisfied with the degree of precision which the nature of the subject admits, and not to seek exactness where only an approximation of the truth is possible. Aristotle With the development of imaging techniques, the in vivo study of human anatomy and physiology has become possible with increasing "approximation of the truth. " Advances have been made not only in data acquisition, but also in processing as well as visualization of functional and morphological data. Following the successful application of planar two-dimensional imaging approaches, more recently three-dimensional data acquisition and correspond ing tomographic image reconstruction has become possible. With the rapid growth of computer support, advanced processing allows for user-friendly interaction with complex data sets. Classical x-ray imaging techniques have matured to excellent spatial resolution and contrast, which provide specific delineation of anatomical changes occurring in cardiovascular disease. In parallel, the use of tracer principles supported the successful introduction of nuclear medicine procedures for the functional characterization of physiology and pathophysiology. The application of such techniques were initially limited by relatively poor spatial resolution, but excelled in high sensitivity 30 years, scintigraphic imaging emerged from and specificity. In the last rectilinear scanning to planar gamma camera imaging and single-photon xvi Preface emISSIOn tomography (SPECT). Based on these advances and the experi mental success of autoradiography, the potential of scintigraphy as a clinical and research tool has been well appreciated.
Download or read book Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists written by Michael Ljungberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-01-24 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This state-of-the-art handbook, the first in a series that provides medical physicists with a comprehensive overview into the field of nuclear medicine, is dedicated to instrumentation and imaging procedures in nuclear medicine. It provides a thorough treatment on the cutting-edge technologies being used within the field, in addition to touching upon the history of their use, their development, and looking ahead to future prospects. This text will be an invaluable resource for libraries, institutions, and clinical and academic medical physicists searching for a complete account of what defines nuclear medicine. The most comprehensive reference available providing a state-of-the-art overview of the field of nuclear medicine Edited by a leader in the field, with contributions from a team of experienced medical physicists Includes the latest practical research in the field, in addition to explaining fundamental theory and the field's history
Download or read book An Introduction to the Physics of Nuclear Medicine written by Laura Harkness-Brennan and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complexity and vulnerability of the human body has driven the development of a diverse range of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in modern medicine. The Nuclear Medicine procedures of Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Radionuclide Therapy are well-established in clinical practice and are founded upon the principles of radiation physics. This book will offer an insight into the physics of nuclear medicine by explaining the principles of radioactivity, how radionuclides are produced and administered as radiopharmaceuticals to the body and how radiation can be detected and used to produce images for diagnosis. The treatment of diseases such as thyroid cancer, hyperthyroidism and lymphoma by radionuclide therapy will also be explored.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Particle Physics Reference Library written by Christian W. Fabjan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020 with total page 1083 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A, B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access
Download or read book Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging written by Claus Grupen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-08 with total page 1251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The handbook centers on detection techniques in the field of particle physics, medical imaging and related subjects. It is structured into three parts. The first one is dealing with basic ideas of particle detectors, followed by applications of these devices in high energy physics and other fields. In the last part the large field of medical imaging using similar detection techniques is described. The different chapters of the book are written by world experts in their field. Clear instructions on the detection techniques and principles in terms of relevant operation parameters for scientists and graduate students are given.Detailed tables and diagrams will make this a very useful handbook for the application of these techniques in many different fields like physics, medicine, biology and other areas of natural science.
Download or read book Foundations of Image Science written by Harrison H. Barrett and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-06-13 with total page 1973 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2006 Joseph W. Goodman Book Writing Award! A comprehensive treatment of the principles, mathematics, and statistics of image science In today's visually oriented society, images play an important role in conveying messages. From seismic imaging to satellite images to medical images, our modern society would be lost without images to enhance our understanding of our health, our culture, and our world. Foundations of Image Science presents a comprehensive treatment of the principles, mathematics, and statistics needed to understand and evaluate imaging systems. The book is the first to provide a thorough treatment of the continuous-to-discrete, or CD, model of digital imaging. Foundations of Image Science emphasizes the need for meaningful, objective assessment of image quality and presents the necessary tools for this purpose. Approaching the subject within a well-defined theoretical and physical context, this landmark text presents the mathematical underpinnings of image science at a level that is accessible to graduate students and practitioners working with imaging systems, as well as well-motivated undergraduate students. Destined to become a standard text in the field, Foundations of Image Science covers: Mathematical Foundations: Examines the essential mathematical foundations of image science Image Formation–Models and Mechanisms: Presents a comprehensive and unified treatment of the mathematical and statistical principles of imaging, with an emphasis on digital imaging systems and the use of SVD methods Image Quality: Provides a systematic exposition of the methodology for objective or task-based assessment of image quality Applications: Presents detailed case studies of specific direct and indirect imaging systems and provides examples of how to apply the various mathematical tools covered in the book Appendices: Covers the prerequisite material necessary for understanding the material in the main text, including matrix algebra, complex variables, and the basics of probability theory
Download or read book Perspectives on Nuclear Medicine for Molecular Diagnosis and Integrated Therapy written by Yuji Kuge and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-02 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is devoted to understanding the recent advances in nuclear medicine and molecular imaging technologies along with their application to integrated medical therapy and future drug development. This anthology is based on the international symposium in 2015 entitled “Perspective on Nuclear Medicine for Molecular Diagnosis and Integrated Therapy. “The symposium provided an opportunity to exchange ideas on how to promote nuclear medicine technology and how to extend the technology to medical therapy and drug development, and was also a good opportunity to discuss the future perspective of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging by worldwide leaders in the field. Molecular imaging technologies have been rapidly developed worldwide in recent years. Among those developments, nuclear medicine has come to play an important role in quantitative analysis of biological process in vivo as well as in wide clinical use. With the current progress of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, this modality has been applied for treatment monitoring and predicting its outcome with the use of optimal imaging biomarkers and suitable quantitative analysis. Truly, a new era has arrived with clinical use of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging for personalized medicine. This volume will benefit a wide variety of researchers in life science including those working in drug development, molecular imaging, and medical therapy as well as physicians who utilize diagnostic imaging.
Download or read book Basic Sciences of Nuclear Medicine written by Magdy M. Khalil and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-26 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive and detailed information on the scientific bases of nuclear medicine, addressing a wide variety of topics and explaining the concepts that underlie many of the investigations and procedures performed in the field. The book is divided into six sections that cover the physics and chemistry of nuclear medicine besides associated quality assurance/quality control procedures; dosimetry and radiation biology; SPECT and PET imaging instrumentation plus CT imaging technology in hybrid modalities; data analysis including image processing, reconstruction, radiomics, image degrading correction techniques, along with image quantitation and kinetic modeling. Within these sections, particular attention is paid to recent developments and the advances in knowledge that have taken place since release of the first edition in 2011. Several entirely new chapters have been included and the remaining chapters, thoroughly updated. Innovations in the ever-expanding field of nuclear medicine are predominantly due to integration of the basic sciences with complex technological advances. This excellently illustrated book on the subject will be of interest to not only nuclear medicine physicists and physicians but also clinical scientists, radiologists, radiopharmacists, medical students and technologists.
