Download or read book The Grammar of Knowledge written by Aleksandra I︠U︡rʹevna Aĭkhenvalʹd and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014-02 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the expression of information source, inferences, assumptions, probability and possibility, and gradations of doubt and beliefs across a wide range of languages in different cultural settings. Like others in the series it will interest both linguists and linguistically-minded anthropologists.

Download or read book Beyond the Grammar Wars written by Terry Locke and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-04-05 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are there evidence-based answers to the broad question "What explicit knowledge about language in teachers and/or students appears to enhance literacy development in some way"? Distinguished by its global perspective, its currency, and its comprehensiveness, Beyond the Grammar Wars: provides an historical overview of the debates around grammar and English/literacy teaching in four settings: the US, England, Scotland and Australia offers an up-to-date account of what the research is telling (and not telling) us about the effectiveness of certain kinds of grammar-based pedagogies in English/literacy classrooms takes readers into English/literacy classrooms through a range of examples of language/grammar-based pedagogies which have proven to be successful addresses metalinguistic issues related to changes in textual practices in a digital and multimodal age, and explores the challenges for educators who are committed to finding a "usable grammar" to contribute to teaching and learning in relation to these practices. All of the contributors are acknowledged experts in their field. Activities designed for use in language and literacy education courses actively engage students in reflecting on and applying the content in their own teaching contexts.

Download or read book On Understanding Grammar written by Talmy Givón and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On Understanding Grammar covers the interdependencies among the various aspects of linguistics and the human language. This eight-chapter text considers some pertinent topics in linguistics, such as discourse-pragmatics, diachronic syntax, topology, creology, method, and ontology. Chapter 1 describes the notions of fact, theory, and explanation, particularly about how these notions manifest themselves in actual practice. Chapter 2 redefines syntax in terms of communicative function and discourse-pragmatics, and about the relation between the function of grammatical devices and their formal properties. Chapter 3 deals with discourse-pragmatics and how it transcends the narrow bounds of deductive logic, as well as the function and ontology of negation in language, and how those relate to the fundamental information-theoretic principle of figure versus ground. Chapter 4 explores the two major aspects of case systems, namely, the semantic role and pragmatic function, and how the two interact in determining the typological characteristics of grammars. Chapter 5 examines the relation between discourse and syntax based on diachronic, ontogenetic, phylogenetic viewpoints. Chapter 6 tackles the relation between synchronic grammar and diachronic change, while Chapter 7 describes the relationship between human language and its phylogenetic evolution. Chapter 8 is about language and ontology, as well as the relation between cognition and the universe. This book will prove useful to linguistics and language researchers.

Download or read book Knowledge of Meaning written by Richard K. Larson and published by Bradford Book. This book was released on 1995 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current textbooks in formal semantics are all versions of, or introductions to, the same paradigm in semantic theory: Montague Grammar. Knowledge of Meaning is based on different assumptions and a different history. It provides the only introduction to truth- theoretic semantics for natural languages, fully integrating semantic theory into the modern Chomskyan program in linguistic theory and connecting linguistic semantics to research elsewhere in cognitive psychology and philosophy. As such, it better fits into a modern graduate or undergraduate program in linguistics, cognitive science, or philosophy. Furthermore, since the technical tools it employs are much simpler to teach and to master, Knowledge of Meaning can be taught by someone who is not primarily a semanticist. Linguistic semantics cannot be studied as a stand-alone subject but only as part of cognitive psychology, the authors assert. It is the study of a particular human cognitive competence governing the meanings of words and phrases. Larson and Segal argue that speakers have unconscious knowledge of the semantic rules of their language, and they present concrete, empirically motivated proposals about a formal theory of this competence based on the work of Alfred Tarski and Donald Davidson. The theory is extended to a wide range of constructions occurring in natural language, including predicates, proper nouns, pronouns and demonstratives, quantifiers, definite descriptions, anaphoric expressions, clausal complements, and adverbs. Knowledge of Meaning gives equal weight to philosophical, empirical, and formal discussions. It addresses not only the empirical issues of linguistic semantics but also its fundamental conceptual questions, including the relation of truth to meaning and the methodology of semantic theorizing. Numerous exercises are included in the book.

Download or read book Essential Italian Grammar written by Olga Ragusa and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-04-27 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DIVLogical, developmental presentation includes all the necessary tools for speech and comprehension and features numerous shortcuts and timesavers. Ideal as an introduction, supplement, or refresher. /div

Download or read book Understanding English Grammar written by Ronald Wardhaugh and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2002-11-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding English Grammar presents a linguistic introduction to the structure of English that is accessible to students who have had little or no opportunity to study the language. Familiarizes students with the essential structural characteristics of English. Features accessible coverage of syntax, morphology, and phonology, as well as basic linguistic concepts. Includes numerous examples, exercises, and an indexed glossary. Is supported by an online instructor's manual available at: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wardhaugh.

Download or read book A Student Grammar of Turkish written by F. Nihan Ketrez and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-17 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise introduction to Turkish grammar, designed specifically for English-speaking students and professionals.

Download or read book A grammar of Moloko written by Dianne Friesen and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This grammar provides the first comprehensive grammatical description of Moloko, a Chadic language spoken by about 10,000 speakers in northern Cameroon. The grammar was developed from hours and years that the authors spent at friends’ houses hearing and recording stories, hours spent listening to the tapes and transcribing the stories, then translating them and studying the language through them. Time was spent together and with others speaking the language and talking about it, translating resources and talking to Moloko people about them. Grammar and phonology discoveries were made in the office, in the fields while working, and at gatherings. In the process, the four authors have become more and more passionate about the Moloko language and are eager to share their knowledge about it with others. Intriguing phonological aspects of Moloko include the fact that words have a consonantal skeleton and only one underlying vowel (but with ten phonetic variants). The simplicity of the vowel system contrasts with the complexity of the verb word, which can include information (in addition to the verbal idea) about subject, direct object (semantic Theme), indirect object (recipient or beneficiary), direction, location, aspect (Imperfective and Perfective), mood (indicative, irrealis, iterative), and Perfect aspect. Some of the fascinating aspects about the grammar of Moloko include transitivity issues, question formation, presupposition, and the absence of simple adjectives as a grammatical class. Most verbs are not inherently transitive or intransitive, but rather the semantics is tied to the number and type of core grammatical relations in a clause. Morphologically, two types of verb pronominals indicate two kinds of direct object; both are found in ditransitive clauses. Noun incorporation of special ‘body-part’ nouns in some verbs adds another grammatical argument and changes the lexical characteristics of the verb. Clauses of zero transitivity can occur in main clauses due to the use of dependent verb forms and ideophones. Question formation is interesting in that the interrogative pronoun is clause-final for most constructions. The clause will sometimes be reconfigured so that the interrogative pronoun can be clause-final. Expectation is a foundational pillar for Moloko grammar. Three types of irrealis mood relate to speaker’s expectation concerning the accomplishment of an event. Clauses are organised around the concept of presupposition, through the use of the na-construction. Known or expected elements are marked with the na particle. There are no simple adjectives in Moloko; all adjectives are derived from nouns. The authors invite others to further explore the intricacies of the phonology and grammar of this intriguing language.

Download or read book An Introduction to the Grammar of English written by Elly van Gelderen and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook introduces basic concepts of grammar in a format which should encourage readers to use linguistic arguments. It focuses on syntactic analysis and evidence. It also looks at sociolinguisic and historical reasons behind prescriptive rules.

Download or read book Language Acquisition written by Susan Foster-Cohen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-07-16 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a snapshot of the field of language acquisition at the beginning of the 21st Century. It represents the multiplicity of approaches that characterize the field and provides a review of current topics and debates, as well as addressing some of the connections between sub-fields and possible future directions for research.

Download or read book On Understanding Grammar written by T. Givón and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his foreword to the original edition of this classic of functionalism, typology and diachrony, Dwight Bolinger wrote: "I foresee it as one of the truly prizes statements of our current knowledge...a book about understanding done with deep understanding – of language and its place in Nature and in the nature of humankind... The book is rich in insights, even for those who have been with linguistics for a long time. And beginners could be thankful for having it as a starting point, from which so many past mistakes have been shed". Thoroughly revised, corrected and updated, On Understanding Grammar remains, as its author intended it in 1979, a book about trying to make sense of human language and of doing linguistics. Language is considered here from multiple perspectives, intersecting with cognition and communication, typology and universals, grammaticalization, development and evolution. Within such a broad cross-disciplinary context, grammar is viewed as an automated, structured language-processing device, assembled through evolution, diachrony and use. Cross-language diversity is not arbitrary, but rather is tightly constrained and adaptively motivated, with the balance between universality and diversity mediated through development, be it evolutionary or diachronic. The book's take on language harkens back to the works of illustrious antecedents such as F. Bopp, W. von Humbold, H. Paul, A. Meillet, O. Jespersen and G. Zipf, offering a coherent alternative to the methodological and theoretical strictures of Saussure, Bloomfield and Chomsky.

Download or read book Teacher Language Awareness written by Stephen Andrews and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-09 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teacher Language Awareness (TLA) is an area of increasing interest to those involved in language teacher education. This book provides an introduction to the nature of TLA, assesses its impact upon teaching and its potential impact on learning. The book focuses specifically on grammar. It aims to encourage teachers and others involved in language education to think more deeply about the importance of TLA ad to adopt a more principled approach to the planning of those parts of their programmes assosciated with it.

Download or read book Gwynne s Grammar written by N.M. Gwynne and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2014-09-02 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anxious about apostrophes? In a pickle over your pronouns and prepositions? Fear not—Mr. Gwynne is here with his wonderfully concise and highly enjoyable book of grammar. Within these pages, adults and children alike will find all they need to rediscover this lost science and sharpen up their skills. Mr. Gwynne believes that happiness depends at least partly on good grammar—and Mr. Gwynne is never wrong.

Download or read book The Grammar of Chinese Characters written by James Myers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the system of patterns in the visual form of traditional and simplified Chinese characters. It proposes that character grammar is rich and coherent, this grammar is mentally active, and it is grounded in the same cognitive systems underlying the morphology and phonology of spoken and signed languages.

Download or read book Finnish An Essential Grammar written by Fred Karlsson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of Finnish: An Essential Grammar has undergone profound revisions. The chapter on basic sentence structure has been rewritten and syntax has been given more space. Sections have been added on phrase types, simple clause types, and types of complex sentences. A section on discourse particles has been added. The vocabulary of the copious example sentences has been updated to give it a touch of the twenty-first century. The section on modern colloquial Finnish has been considerably expanded. Internet addresses helpful for any learner of Finnish are provided which make is possible to automatically analyse the grammatical structure of any Finnish words and sentences. It gives not only a systematic account of the structures of the written language, but also features the characteristics of colloquial Finnish. No prior knowledge is assumed on the part of the reader and grammatical rules are clearly explained without jargon. Features include: pronunciation guide, including the tendencies in present-day colloquial Finnish thorough descriptions of morphology (word structure) and syntax (sentence structure) clear rules and an abundance of concrete examples inflection tables subject index internet addresses to online software for grammatical analysis of Finnish. This is the ideal reference source both for those studying Finnish independently and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.

Download or read book The Grammar Book written by Diane Larsen-Freeman and published by Heinle & Heinle Pub. This book was released on 2014-06-15 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Grammar Book introduces teachers and future teachers to English grammatical constructions. This highly acclaimed text, used both as a course book and as a grammar reference guide, is suitable for all teachers of English. What sets it apart from other grammar books is its unique pedagogical focus: It describes not only how each grammatical construction is formed, but also its meaning and its use. Grammar is seen to be a resource for making meaning in textually and socially appropriate ways.

Download or read book English Grammar for Students of Latin written by Norma Goldman and published by Hodder Arnold. This book was released on 2000 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thousands of students have found these books the ideal way to master the grammar of their chosen language. They offer a step-by-step explanation of a concept as it applies to English, a presentation of the same concept as it appplies to the target language, the similarities and differences between the two languages, stressing common pitfalls for English speakers and including review exercises with an answer key.