Download or read book The Global HIV Epidemics Among Men who Have Sex with Men written by Andrea L. Wirtz and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first study to systematically review the available data on MSM in Low and Medium Income Countries and model the impact of responses to MSM on overall country epidemics, using Peru, Ukraine, Kenya, and Thailand as examples.
Download or read book The Global HIV Epidemics Among Men Who Have Sex with Men MSM written by Andrea L. Wirtz and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Rights; Risk behavior; Cost-effectiveness; Low and middle income countries; Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Epidemic; Men who have sex with men; Attributable fraction; Intervention/Prevention; Homosexuality.
Download or read book The Global HIV Epidemics among Sex Workers written by Deanna Kerrigan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-12-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A global economic analysis of HIV infection amongst sex workers, finding that evidence based and rights affirming interventions are not implemented to the level that their efficacy warrants, and that doing so at scale would be cost effective and deliver significant returns on investment.
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Download or read book Characterizing the HIV AIDS Epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa written by Francisca Ayodeji Akala and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Despite global progress in understanding the epidemiology of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), knowledge about the epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) remains limited and subject to much controversy. In the more than 25 years since the discovery of HIV, no scientific study has provided a comprehensive, data-driven synthesis of the spread of HIV/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) in the region. Consequently, the effectiveness of policies, programs, and resources intended to address the spread of HIV/AIDS has been compromised. This report aims to fill the knowledge gap by providing the first-ever comprehensive scientific assessment and data-driven epidemiological synthesis of HIV's spread in MENA. It is based on a literature review and analysis of thousands of largely unrecognized publications, reports, and data sources extracted from scientific literature or collected from sources at the local, national, and regional levels. The resulting collection of data provides a solid foundation on which efforts to stem the spread of HIV/AIDS can be based. 'Characterizing the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa' will be of particular interest to policy makers, researchers, development practitioners, and specialists in public health and epidemiology."
Download or read book The Global HIV Epidemics Among Sex Workers written by Deanna Kerrigan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the beginning of the epidemic sex workers have experienced a heightened burden of HIV across settings, despite their higher levels of HIV protective behaviors (UNAIDS, 2009). Unfairly, sex workers have often been framed as 'vectors of disease' and 'core transmitters' rather than workers and human beings with rights in terms of HIV prevention and beyond. By gaining a deeper understanding of the epidemiologic and broader policy and social context within which sex work is set one begins to quickly gain a sense of the complex backdrop for increased risk to HIV among sex workers. This backdrop includes the critical role of stigma, discrimination and violence faced by sex workers, as well as, the importance of community empowerment and mobilization among sex workers to address these regressive forces. The eight country case studies work to highlight the experiences of diverse populations of and contexts for sex work across settings. Given the limited epidemiologic and intervention evaluation data available among male and transgender sex workers, however, our collaborative team (Johns Hopkins University, or JHU, World Bank, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and Global Network of Sex Work Projects, or NSWP) determined that the systematic review, mathematical modeling and cost-effective analyses would focus on female sex workers. Throughout the process of this analysis as a whole, the participation of sex worker perspectives and sex worker organizations such as NSWP and their regional partners has been critical by providing documents and resources, input and consultation throughout the analytical process.
Download or read book Public Health and Human Rights written by Chris Beyrer and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2007-09-28 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides critical evidenced based assessements and tools with which to investigate the role of rights abrogation in the health of populations.
Download or read book The Social Impact of AIDS in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Europe's "Black Death" contributed to the rise of nation states, mercantile economies, and even the Reformation. Will the AIDS epidemic have similar dramatic effects on the social and political landscape of the twenty-first century? This readable volume looks at the impact of AIDS since its emergence and suggests its effects in the next decade, when a million or more Americans will likely die of the disease. The Social Impact of AIDS in the United States addresses some of the most sensitive and controversial issues in the public debate over AIDS. This landmark book explores how AIDS has affected fundamental policies and practices in our major institutions, examining: How America's major religious organizations have dealt with sometimes conflicting values: the imperative of care for the sick versus traditional views of homosexuality and drug use. Hotly debated public health measures, such as HIV antibody testing and screening, tracing of sexual contacts, and quarantine. The potential risk of HIV infection to and from health care workers. How AIDS activists have brought about major change in the way new drugs are brought to the marketplace. The impact of AIDS on community-based organizations, from volunteers caring for individuals to the highly political ACT-UP organization. Coping with HIV infection in prisons. Two case studies shed light on HIV and the family relationship. One reports on some efforts to gain legal recognition for nonmarital relationships, and the other examines foster care programs for newborns with the HIV virus. A case study of New York City details how selected institutions interact to give what may be a picture of AIDS in the future. This clear and comprehensive presentation will be of interest to anyone concerned about AIDS and its impact on the country: health professionals, sociologists, psychologists, advocates for at-risk populations, and interested individuals.
Download or read book Male Same sex Sexuality and HIV in Sub Saharan Africa written by Theo Sandfort and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-20 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the impact of HIV on populations of men who have sex with men in Africa and local responses to the issue. It documents the enduring existence of a rich variety of same-sex practices between men. More critically, it analyses how the denial and social rejection of same-sex sexuality, together with the legacy of criminalization by former colonial rulers, has not only fueled the transmission of HIV between men, but has also impeded an effective response. The book also documents some of the outstanding progress that has been made and acknowledges the differences between African countries. Through its focus on lived realities and grassroots activism in Africa, this book will appeal to researchers, policy makers and practitioners alike.
Download or read book HIV and Men who Have Sex with Men in Asia and the Pacific written by Roger Winder and published by Unaids Regional Support Team East and Southern Africa. This book was released on 2006 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term "men who have sex with men" - frequently shortened to MSM - describes a behaviour rather than a specific group of people. It includes self-identified gay, bisexual, transgendered or heterosexual men. Many men who have sex with men do not consider themselves gay or bisexual. They are often married, particularly where discriminatory laws or social stigma of male sexual relations exist. Largely because of the taboo, the female partners of men who have sex with men are often unaware of their partner's other liaisons, and the threat posed to themselves. Forced sex among men is not uncommon, especially in men-only environments such as prisons. Men who have sex with men are found in all societies, yet are largely invisible in many places. In terms of HIV, sex between men is significant because it can involve anal sex, which when unprotected carries a very high risk. Sex between men is thought to account for between 5 and 10% of global HIV infections, although the proportion of cases attributed to this mode of transmission varies considerably between countries. It is the predominant mode in much of the developed world. Globally less than one in twenty men who have sex with men have access to the HIV prevention and care services they need. Many factors contribute to this situation including denial by society and communities, stigma and discrimination, and human rights abuse. Vulnerability to HIV infection is increased where sex between men is criminalised, as men are either excluded from, or exclude themselves from, sexual health and welfare agencies out of fear. A range of interventions to reduce risk behaviours among men who have sex with men have proven successful, including: condom promotion, safer-sex campaigns and skills training; peer education with outreach programmes; and programmes tailored to subpopulations such as male sex workers and men in prisons. Specific policy measures are crucial for making prevention, care and support available to men who have sex with men. First and foremost, they must be included in national HIV programming and funding priorities. The governments must support organisations of men who have sex with men, enabling them to promote HIV prevention and care programmes and to participate in HIV planning and policymaking. Legislation should be changed, decriminalizing same-sex acts and providing protective laws against discrimination based on sexual orientation.
Download or read book Unaids Action Framework written by Unaids and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2012-05-30 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation. Business as usual is no longer a viable response to the HIV-related risks of men who have sex with men and transgender people. Where data exist on HIV in these populations, they show that our collective responses are failing far more often than they are reaching scale or succeeding. Just as disconcerting, in many parts of the world, is the fact that few reliable data exist at all.
Download or read book HIV PREVALENCE AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AMONG MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN IN PARAGUAY 2017 written by Gloria Aguilar and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HIV Prevalence and Sexual behavior among men who have sex with men in Paraguay.2017Authors: * Rios P.1, Aguilar G. 1,2; Estigarribia G.1,2, Samudio T, Kawabata A.2, Ortiz A.1. ,Regional health research institute, National University of Caaguazu00fa1: National HIV program. Background: High HIV/syphilis prevalence have been reported in men who have sex with men (MSM) all over the world. MSM always play a key role in the global HIV epidemic.In Paraguay,38% of men diagnosed annually are MSM. In this context, is important to emphasize the risk behavior studies of the MSM in order to have information that allows to redirect the interventions and thus to reduce new infections and meet the goals of the Sustainable Development Goals. Our goal in this study was to estimate the HIV prevalence and Sexual behavior among MSM in Paraguay at 2017.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey on MSM in Paraguay in 2017. We used a respondent driven sampling (RDS) to recquit MSM u226518 years old in Paraguay who reported anal sex with another man in the previous twelve months. We collected demographic and HIV-related behavioral data through interviews. Laboratory testing included biomarkers for HIV and syphilis. Results: A total of 750 MSM were enrolled in the survey. The majority of the MSM (62%) were less than 25 years old, (68.3%) identified himself as gay. The HIV prevalence was 19.8% (95% confidence interval:16.3-23.3) and the syphilis prevalence was 13.6%(95% confidence interval ;10.1-17.0). Condom use was 68.9% (95% confidence interval: 64.6-73.2). Access to HIV testing in the last 12 months was 45.5%( 95% confidence interval ;37.3%-53.6%)- Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV and syphilis was high among MSM in Paraguay. Prevention strategies should focus on hsh, gay, and differentiated strategies in hidden MSMs to improve condom use and access to HIV testing.
Download or read book Handbook of Healthcare in the Arab World written by Ismail Laher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-08-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook examines health and medical care in the Arab world from a systems biology approach. It features comprehensive coverage that includes details of key social, environmental, and cultural determinants. In addition, the contributors also investigate the developed infrastructure that manages and delivers health care and medical solutions throughout the region.More than 25 sections consider all aspects of health, from cancer to hormone replacement therapy, from the use of medications to vitamin deficiency in emergency medical care. Chapters highlight essential areas in the wellbeing and care of this population. These topics include women’s health care, displaced and refugee women’s health needs, childhood health, social and environmental causes of disease, health systems and health management, and a wide range of diseases of various body systems. This resource also explores issues related to access and barriers to health delivery throughout the region.Health in the Arab world is complex and rapidly changing. The health burden in the region is distributed unevenly based on gender, location, as well as other factors. In addition, crises such as armed conflicts and an expanding migrant population place additional stress on systems and providers at all levels. This timely resource will help readers better understand all these major issues and more. It will serve as an ideal guide for researchers in various biological disciplines, public health, and regulatory agencies.
Download or read book HIV Epidemics in the European Region written by Lucy Platt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015-02-12 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the dynamics of HIV epidemics among vulnerable and high risk populations in the European region, in particular people who inject drugs, sex workers, and men who have sex with men. It aims to inform future HIV responses and guide HIV prevention surveillance and research.
Download or read book Young Men who Have Sex with Men written by J. Beck and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This policy brief examines HIV risk factors and access to services among young men who have sex with men using data from the Global Forum on MSM & HIV (MSMGF)?s 2012 Global Men?s Health and Rights survey (2012 GMHR). The brief concludes with a set of recommendations for addressing the global HIV epidemic among young men who have sex with men.
Download or read book Preventing HIV AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa written by Francisca Ayodeji Akala and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The HIV/AIDS epidemic has the potential to impede and even reverse development if not addressed early enough. Poverty and income inequality have been shown to facilitate the diffusion of HIV epidemics. While abject poverty in the Middle East and North Africa region remains low, a significant proportion of the population (23.2%) live under $2 per day and are extremely vulnerable in their ability to cope with shocks. In order to preserve the benefits of national and regional development investments put in place by governments, and donor agencies, greater investments to improve HIV/AIDS advocacy, information and prevention strategies are needed now to maintain the current low prevalence levels. This title outlines the role of the Bank in confronting the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the region based on a review of needs and gaps at the regional and country level.
Download or read book HIV AIDS Among Men who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Populations in South East Asia written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Same-sex behavior is identified in all societies. However, in the South-East Asia Region, the majority of men who have sex with men and transgender persons are highly stigmatized and discriminated against. There are an estmated 4-5 million men who have sex with men; among the transgender population, the number is less clear. Many of them are involved in high risk sexual behaviors that put them at risk for HIV infection, resulting in a high and increasing HIV prevalence in several countries of the Region. Control of HIV infections among these populations is thus an urgent public health priority. The countries included in this review are Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Timor-Leste. Though most of them have some form of interventions for men who have sex with men and transgender populations, the majority of these populations do not have access to various HIV services due to widespread stigma and discrimination, and punitive laws in most countries. This report provides information on the status of the epidemic among these populations in the South-East Asia Region. It highlights the need for improved advocacy efforts and a greater national response to save the lives of these populations who are at risk for HIV infection.
