Download or read book The Geochemical Controls on Anaerobic Microbial Ecology in a Phenol contaminated Sandstone Aquifer written by Kieran M. Baker and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Geochemical Controls on Anaerobic Microbial Ecology in a Phenol contaminated Sandstone Aquifer written by Kieran Baker and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Permo-Triassic sandstone aquifer is one of the most important drinking water resources in the UK. Beneath the Four Ashes site, the aquifer is contaminated with toxic levels of phenolic compounds and inorganic species. Although the hydrochemistry of the groundwater has been fully characterised, no research has assessed contaminant plume development with time using full groundwater profiles. Also, studies have investigated the aerobic microbial ecology at the site, but no research has assessed the anaerobic communities. Anaerobes are important for the remediation of the contamination, as the majority of the contaminated groundwater is anoxic. Furthermore, research has demonstrated that the structure of planktonic (free-living) eubacterial communities at 30m below ground level (mbgl) differ significantly from the community attached to quartz sand suspended in the aquifer at the same depth. However, the diverse mineralogical matrices in sandstones may influence microbial attachment, and therefore the communities attached to quartz may not be representative of the true indigenous attached communities. The aim of this thesis was to update the knowledge on the groundwater hydrochemistry, and to investigate the effects of contaminant load and substratum properties on microbial attachment and anaerobic microbial ecology. Groundwater samples were taken from multiple depths using 2 depth-discrete boreholes. Concentrations of phenolic compounds in the groundwater were measured using high performance liquid chromatography, and inorganic species were measured by ion chromatography. Chemical profiles show that the groundwater hydrochemistry at borehole 59 (130m from source) remained stable between 1998 and July 2009. However, the data reveals that the distribution of the contaminants changed in August 2009, due to the onset of the pump and treat remediation strategy implemented at the site. Data from borehole 60 (350m from source) shows that the concentration of total phenolics increased markedly at 42- 45mbgl between 1998 and 2009, due to variations in contaminant spillage on site, potentially resulting in the plume extending further than the deepest sampling point (45mbgl). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of amplified 165 rRNA, napA (nitrate-reductase) and dsrB (dissimilatory sulphate reductase) reveal that the structure of eubacterial and anaerobic communities varied with depth down the groundwater profile, and were therefore influenced by contaminant load. The DGGE profiles of planktonic communities were compared to the communities attached to 3 different geological substrata suspended in the aquifer under the same hydrochemical conditions (i.e. same depth). Profiles reveal that the planktonic communities were highly dissimilar to the attachment communities on all surfaces, and at all samplings. Furthermore, DGGE profiles of the attached communities were compared. Results reveal that the communities attached to 5hap granite and sandstone cluster separately to the community attached to quartz, suggesting that substratum properties are an important control governing microbial attachment. This was investigated by quantifying microbial attachment to 6 different geological coupons (apatite, 5hap granite, hematite, orthoclase, quartz and shale) suspended in the aquifer. Each coupon provided different physiochemical conditions (hydrophobicity, surface charge and nutrient chemistry) to the system. Results indicate that the most extensive attachment was on coupons that contained at least one microbial growth nutrient (Ca, P, K, Na, Fe, Mn); hematite, apatite, orthoclase and particularly 5hap granite, which contains the most nutrients. The least attachment was witnessed on the quartz surface, which contains no microbial nutrients. Quartz has similar surface charge and roughness to orthoclase, and a similar hydrophobicity to the 5hap granite. The only difference between the surfaces is nutrient availability. This confirms that substratum chemistry, in particular nutrient content, is a major control on microbial attachment.

Download or read book Impacts of Contamination and Remediation on Microbial Communities in Anaerobic Groundwater written by Michele D. Zwolinski and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbial Ecology of a Contaminated Aquifer Undergoing Natural Attenuation at the Former Wurtsmith Air Force Base Michigan written by Toby Gene West and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assessing the Geochemical Fate of Deep well injected Hazardous Waste written by Russell Boulding and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book In Situ Bioremediation of Ground Water and Geological Material written by Robert D. Norris and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995-08 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a detailed background of the technologies available for the bioremediation of contaminated soil & ground water. Prepared for scientists, consultants, regulatory personnel, & others who are associated in some way with the restoration of soil & ground water at hazardous waste sites. Also provides insights to emerging technologies which are at the research level of formation, ranging from theoretical concepts, through bench scale inquiries, to limited field-scale investigations. 95 tables & figures.

Download or read book Nitrate Contamination written by Istvan Bogardi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nitrate content of drinking water is rising at an alarming rate in several regions of NATO countries and elsewhere in the world. The increase is due to lack of proper sewage treatment, and primarily to excess fertilizer application. Also, eutrophication in several coastal areas is triggered by high nitrate concentrations. The main purpose of this book is to integrate scientific knowledge related to exposure assessment, health consequences and control of nitrate contamination in water. The motivation is related to the magnitude, the possible adverse health effects, and the high cost of control ling nitrate contamination. Future research tasks are defined by an interaction among hydro logists, toxicologists and environmental engineers in an integrated framework for nitrate risk management. The target readership of this book is a mix of university colleagues, practitioners from both the private and public sectors and advanced graduate students working with the hydrological, health science or environmental engineering aspects of nitrate contamination. The main conclusions include: 1. For risk assessment purposes, knowledge and sufficiently accurate models are available to predict nitrate load and its fate in water under changes in land use. 2. Once agricultural exposure controls are implemented, the response times in ground water may be so long as to make controls unrealistic. 3. It is still unknown whether agricultural best management practice is a compromise between nitrate risk reduction and agricultural revenue. 4. The current drinking water guidelines of 10 mg/L NOrN need not be changed.

Download or read book Alternatives for Ground Water Cleanup written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There may be nearly 300,000 waste sites in the United States where ground water and soil are contaminated. Yet recent studies question whether existing technologies can restore contaminated ground water to drinking water standards, which is the goal for most sites and the result expected by the public. How can the nation balance public health, technological realities, and cost when addressing ground water cleanup? This new volume offers specific conclusions, outlines research needs, and recommends policies that are technologically sound while still protecting health and the environment. Authored by the top experts from industry and academia, this volume: Examines how the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the subsurface environment, as well as the properties of contaminants, complicate the cleanup task. Reviews the limitations of widely used conventional pump-and-treat cleanup systems, including detailed case studies. Evaluates a range of innovative cleanup technologies and the barriers to their full implementation. Presents specific recommendations for policies and practices in evaluating contamination sites, in choosing remediation technologies, and in setting appropriate cleanup goals.

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1060 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Contaminants in the Subsurface written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-04-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.

Download or read book Microbial Communities Utilizing Hydrocarbons and Lipids Members Metagenomics and Ecophysiology written by Terry J. McGenity and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive, authoritative discussions about microbial communities in environments that are rich in hydrocarbons, crude oil or lipids. It encompasses natural environments, such as tar sands, oil seeps and reservoirs, as well as habitats where methane is produced. Equally, the book deals with habitats that have been influenced by human activity, including oil-contaminated soils, aquifers, coast and seas. The book opens with a series of chapters considering the contemporary approaches used to investigate microbial communities.

Download or read book Natural Attenuation of Fuels and Chlorinated Solvents in the Subsurface written by Todd H. Wiedemeier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1999-03-08 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive guide to one of today's most innovative approaches to environmental contamination Natural attenuation is gaining increasing attention as a nonintrusive, cost-effective alternative to standard remediation techniques for environmental contamination. This landmark work presents the first in-depth examination of the theory, mechanisms, and application of natural attenuation. Written by four internationally recognized leaders in this approach, the book describes both biotic and abiotic natural attenuation processes, focusing on two of the environmental contaminants most frequently encountered in groundwater--fuels and chlorinated solvents. The authors draw on a wealth of combined experience to detail successful techniques for simulating natural attenuation processes and predicting their effectiveness in the field. They also show how natural attenuation works in the real world, using numerous examples and case studies from a wide range of leading-edge projects nationwide involving fuel hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents. Finally, they discuss the evaluation and assessment of natural attenuation and explore the design of long-term monitoring programs. An indispensable reference for anyone working in environmental remediation, Natural Attenuation of Fuels and Chlorinated Solvents in the Subsurface is essential reading for scientists and engineers in a range of industries, as well as state and federal environmental regulators, and professors and graduate students in environmental or chemical engineering.

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 2368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbial Bioremediation Biodegradation written by Maulin P. Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial or biological degradation has long been the subject of active concern, and the rapid expansion and growing sophistication of various industries in the last century has significantly increased the volume and complexity of toxic residues of wastes. These can be remediated by plants and microbes, either natural origin or adapted for a specific purpose, in a process known as bioremediation. The interest in microbial biodegradation of pollutants has intensified in recent years in an attempt to find sustainable ways to clean contaminated environments. These bioremediation and biotransformation methods take advantage of the tremendous microbial catabolic diversity to degrade, transform or accumulate a variety of compounds, such as hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polaromatic hydrocarbons pharmaceutical substances, radionuclides and metals. Unlike conventional methods, bioremediation does not physically disturb the site. This book describes the basic principles of biodegradation and shows how these principles are related to bioremediation. Authored by leading, international environmental microbiologists, it discusses topics such as aerobic biodegradation, microbial degradation of pollutants, and microbial community dynamics. It provides valuable insights into how biodegration processes work and can be utilised for pollution abatement, and as such appeals to researchers and postgraduate students as well as experts in the field of bioremediation.

Download or read book Microbial Electrochemical Technologies written by Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-06 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book encompasses the most updated and recent account of research and implementation of Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (METs) from pioneers and experienced researchers in the field who have been working on the interface between electrochemistry and microbiology/biotechnology for many years. It provides a holistic view of the METs, detailing the functional mechanisms, operational configurations, influencing factors governing the reaction process and integration strategies. The book not only provides historical perspectives of the technology and its evolution over the years but also the most recent examples of up-scaling and near future commercialization, making it a must-read for researchers, students, industry practitioners and science enthusiasts. Key Features: Introduces novel technologies that can impact the future infrastructure at the water-energy nexus. Outlines methodologies development and application of microbial electrochemical technologies and details out the illustrations of microbial and electrochemical concepts. Reviews applications across a wide variety of scales, from power generation in the laboratory to approaches. Discusses techniques such as molecular biology and mathematical modeling; the future development of this promising technology; and the role of the system components for the implementation of bioelectrochemical technologies for practical utility. Explores key challenges for implementing these systems and compares them to similar renewable energy technologies, including their efficiency, scalability, system lifetimes, and reliability.

Download or read book Microbial Action on Hydrocarbons written by Vivek Kumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-08 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book discusses ways to overcome the side effects of using hydrocarbon-based products as energy sources. Hydrocarbons produce raw crude oil waste of around 600,000 metric tons per annum, with a range of uncertainty of 200,000 metric tons per year. The various chapters in this book focus on approaches to reduce these wastes through the application of potential microbes, in a process called bioremediation. The book is a one-stop reference resource on the methods, mechanisms and application of the bio-composites, in the laboratory and field. Focusing on resolving a very pressing environmental issue, it not only provides details of existing challenges, but also offers deeper insights into the possibility of solving problems using hydrocarbon bioremediation.

Download or read book Water Quality Assessments written by Deborah V Chapman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-08-22 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guidebook, now thoroughly updated and revised in its second edition, gives comprehensive advice on the designing and setting up of monitoring programmes for the purpose of providing valid data for water quality assessments in all types of freshwater bodies. It is clearly and concisely written in order to provide the essential information for all agencies and individuals responsible for the water quality.