Download or read book The Genetic Structuring of Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar L Populations in Northwest Europe as Revealed Through Nuclear Microsatellite and MtDNA PCR RFLP Analysis written by Anna Kathryn Finnegan and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The structuring of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) into discrete, genetically differentiated populations both within and between river catchments is well documented. The utilisation of this knowledge has proved valuable in a variety of evolutionary, ecological, managerial and conservation contexts. In this thesis, the genetic structuring of Atlantic salmon populations in northwest Europe was assessed in two catchments of very different sizes, using a range of molecular and associated population genetic methods; findings from the catchment level research are set in context by a broader phylogeographic study of post-glacial colonisation of the region. A regional study into the glacial origins and post-glacial colonisation routes of Atlantic salmon in northwest Europe was explored by analysing a pre-existing microsatellite dataset and supplementing it with haplotype data from mtDNA PCR-RFLP analysis of the same samples (N=702). Evidence from allele permutation tests undertaken on the microsatellite data alongside mtDNA haplotype frequencies suggested that there was a cryptic northern refuge in northwest France, with colonisation of the British Isles and Ireland occurring from this and the long-known Iberian Peninsula refuge. Catchment level studies were undertaken on the river Dart and river Tweed, involving 1151 fish being genotyped with 14 microsatellite loci with a subset of 211 fish being genotyped by mtDNA PCR-RFLP. In both catchments, populations were found to be weakly differentiated genetically, and were most consistent with the meta-population theory of evolution. Similarly, individual spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that each major tributary within the catchments could be considered as a distinct management or conservation unit. In the Tweed dataset, however, limitations in the sample coverage across the catchment reduced the robustness of some findings. Historical stocking of the river Dart with fish from Scotland and Iceland is well-documented. The long-term implications of these activities on contemporary Dart populations were assessed by genotyping 177 fish from the donor populations using scale samples taken in the 1960s and comparing them to contemporary Dart populations by undertaking admixture analysis. Overall, admixture between the donor and recipient populations was low and appeared to reflect natural underlying levels of genetic relationships. However, increased admixture of donor stocks with one extant Dart population was apparent, indicating some potentially long-term localised success of the stocked fish through hybridisation with the native populations; nevertheless, with the population continuing to decline, this should not be viewed as a successful supplementation programme. Two tributaries on the river Tweed, the Gala and Leader, were inaccessible to salmon for long periods due to the construction of barriers to migration. On both tributaries, fish passes were installed in the 1940s and re-colonisation of the tributaries was possible. Assignment analysis was undertaken and indicated that, contrary to findings for between catchment studies, salmon straying from the most proximate tributaries (i.e. the Ettrick and Caddon) did not appear to be the principal colonisers of the current Gala and Leader populations. Rather, the highest proportion of Gala samples assigned to the Teviot (42%), with the Leader populations assigning to many tributaries across the catchment (Ettrick 28%; Upper 21%; Teviot 19%). However, given the relatively weak differentiation of the baseline samples and limitations inherent in the dataset, the correct self-assignment of baseline samples was very low (average 26%; range 0-47%), hence interpretation must be undertaken with caution. Nevertheless, the findings suggest that the Gala population may have reached a temporally stable state in the 60 years since it has been accessible to salmon. Whilst the relatively small scale of these studies is acknowledged, the application of the findings in management and conservation of the species are discussed in a wider context. These studies would support the following recommendations: to include information on the historic (refugial) origin of contemporary populations in regional management strategies; to treat each major tributary as a distinct unit as an appropriate scale for catchment level management; and, with stocking and supplementation programmes appearing to have no significant long-term success, coupled with the relative speed with which extirpated tributaries appear to be naturally re-colonised, the use of stocking and supplementation programmes should be discouraged.

Download or read book The Atlantic Salmon written by Eric Verspoor and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atlantic Salmon is a cultural icon throughout its North Atlantic range; it is the focus of probably the World’s highest profile recreational fishery and is the basis for one of the World’s largest aquaculture industries. Despite this, many wild stocks of salmon are in decline and underpinning this is a dearth of information on the nature and extent of population structuring and adaptive population differentiation, and its implications for species conservation. This important new book will go a long way to rectify this situation by providing a thorough review of the genetics of Atlantic salmon. Sponsored by the European Union and the Atlantic Salmon Trust, this book comprises the work of an international team of scientists, carefully integrated and edited to provide a landmark book of vital interest to all those working with Atlantic salmon.

Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Study on the Population genetic Structure of the Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar L in Connection with Problems of Culturing written by V. I. Slynko and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic analysis of a population of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L in the Rhine system written by Laura Papa and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic Status of Atlantic Salmon in Maine written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-04-22 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atlantic salmon in Maine, once abundant but now seriously depleted, were listed as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) in November 2000. The listing covers the wild fish in eight Maine rivers as a single "distinct population segment." The controversy in Maine that accompanied the listing led Congress to request the National Research Council's (NRC's) advice on the science relevant to understanding and reversing the declines in Maine's salmon populations. The charge to the NRC's Committee on Atlantic Salmon in Maine included an interim report focusing on the genetic makeup of Maine Atlantic salmon populations. This is the interim report. Understanding the genetic makeup of Maine's salmon is important for recovery efforts, because the degree to which populations in Maine differ from adjacent populations in Canada and the degree to which populations in different Maine rivers and tributaries differ from each other affect the choice of recovery options that are most likely to be effective. This report focuses only on questions of genetic distinctiveness. The committee's final report will address the broader issues, such as the factors that have caused Maine's salmon populations to decline and the options for helping them to recover.

Download or read book Phylogeographic Structure and Post glacial History of the Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar L in the British Isles as Revealed by RFLP Analysis written by Anna Finnegan and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Fate of Duplicated Regions of the Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar Genome microform written by Leslie Mitchell and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gene and genome duplications have played a major role in vertebrate evolution. Salmonids provide a useful resource for studying the consequences of these events as their common ancestor underwent a genome duplication between 25 and 120 miliion years ago. To understand how a genome reorganizes itself to cope with duplicated chromosomes and the importance of gene duplications for evolution and adaptation, homeologous regions of the Atlantic salmon genome were identified and studied within a large insert, genomic BAC library; these BACs contain the metallothionen event. A BAC from each region was subsequently shotgun subcloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of 10 genes, retaining their collinearity between the BAcs, although pseudogenization events have occurred in one of the duplicate loci in two instances. Comparative genomic analysis revealed the existence of extraordinary conservation of syntney over time.

Download or read book Analysis of Mcirosatellite DNA in Atlantic Salmon salmo Salar L Populations in the North West of Ireland written by Alice Antoniacomi and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microsatellite DNA of Atlantic Salmon salmo Salar L in the River Shannon and Nearby Rivers written by Bridget Yvette Kelly and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Population Differentiation at the Mitochondrial ND1 Gene of Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar Using RFLP Analysis written by Carrie Louise Milsop and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic Protein Variation in Atlantic Salmon written by L. Stradmeyer and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Within and Among Population Genetic Variation in Eastern Cape Breton Atlantic Salmon and the Prioritization of Populations for Conservation Salmo Salar L written by Patrick O'Reilly and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: East Cape Breton (ECB) Atlantic salmon include those that, as juveniles, inhabit streams and rivers that drain into Atlantic waters along the northeast, southeast, and south coasts of Cape Breton Island, as well as those inhabiting streams and rivers that empty into the Bras d'Or Lakes. Genetic variation is surveyed at a large number of nuclear microsatellite loci (15) across 798 individuals obtained from 13 rivers, including seven from ECB, two from nearby rivers on the West Coast of Cape Breton (WCCB) in the neighbouring Gaspé-Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSG) DU, one from a nearby river in the neighboring Southern Upland (SU) DU, and three more distant locations that vary in size and levels of within-population genetic variation. The objectives of these analyses are (1) to report and interpret levels of within-population genetic variation in ECB populations surveyed, (2) to quantify the extent and pattern of present-day among-population genetic structuring within the ECB DU, and (3) to prioritize populations for conservation measures based on 1 and 2 above.--Document.

Download or read book Population Genetic Analysis of Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar Transplanted to the Connecticut River written by Scott Lindell and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Genetic Investigation of the Population Structure of Wild and Hatchery Reared Atlantic Salmon salmo Salar L in Ireland written by Elizabeth Anne McElligott and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Examination of the Utility of Large Genomic Datasets for Genetic Monitorng written by Kristin Bethany Watson and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective fisheries management requires an awareness of population demography and the spatial scale of population structuring, yet traditional approaches to quantifying both can be labour intensive and expensive. Here I explore the utility of large genomic datasets to characterize population structure, estimate effective population size, and monitor population status in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Placentia Bay Newfoundland, Canada using a 220K SNP array. Population structure was linked to a temperature associated chromosomal polymorphism. Populations were small (N̂b 350) and currently declining. Simulations suggested that large genomic datasets (≥ 100 microsatellites or ≥ 1000 SNPs) enabled accurate detection of population declines 30%. As such, I demonstrate that large genomic datasets allow the identification of fine-scale spatial structuring, the structuring forces involved, and provide a cost effective and accurate approach to monitor population status in the wild.

Download or read book Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout written by Bror Jonsson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-03 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Destruction of habitat is the major cause for loss of biodiversity including variation in life history and habitat ecology. Each species and population adapts to its environment, adaptations visible in morphology, ecology, behaviour, physiology and genetics. Here, the authors present the population ecology of Atlantic salmon and brown trout and how it is influenced by the environment in terms of growth, migration, spawning and recruitment. Salmonids appeared as freshwater fish some 50 million years ago. Atlantic salmon and brown trout evolved in the Atlantic basin, Atlantic salmon in North America and Europe, brown trout in Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia. The species live in small streams as well as large rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal seas and oceans, with brown trout better adapted to small streams and less well adapted to feeding in the ocean than Atlantic salmon. Smolt and adult sizes and longevity are constrained by habitat conditions of populations spawning in small streams. Feeding, wintering and spawning opportunities influence migratory versus resident lifestyles, while the growth rate influences egg size and number, age at maturity, reproductive success and longevity. Further, early experiences influence later performance. For instance, juvenile behaviour influences adult homing, competition for spawning habitat, partner finding and predator avoidance. The abundance of wild Atlantic salmon populations has declined in recent years; climate change and escaped farmed salmon are major threats. The climate influences through changes in temperature and flow, while escaped farmed salmon do so through ecological competition, interbreeding and the spreading of contagious diseases. The authors pinpoint essential problems and offer suggestions as to how they can be reduced. In this context, population enhancement, habitat restoration and management are also discussed. The text closes with a presentation of what the authors view as major scientific challenges in ecological research on these species.