Download or read book The Evaluation of Heterosis for Grain Yield Total Leaf Area and Malting Quality in 21 Spring Barley Crosses written by Albert Eugene Carleton and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of heterosis in three complex traits in barley and to investigate the concept of component interaction as a means of producing heterosis. The complex traits were grain yield, total leaf area, and malting quality. Seven varieties of spring barley were crossed in all possible combinations in the spring of 1963, The following year, the 21 F1's and seven parental varieties were space planted in a replicated, randomized block design in a greenhouse groundbed on the campus of Oregon State University. Since three of the seven parents were six-rowed barleys (Hordeum vulgare L., emend. Lam) and four were two-rowed barleys (Hordeum vulgare L., emend. Lam), crosses within and between six-rowed and two-rowed barleys were included in this study. The 21 crosses were separated according to their respective parental row numbers throughout this study. The evaluation of heterosis for the complex traits was made by the component approach. The amounts of heterosis for the complex traits were related to the expression of heterosis of their components. The association between components and the complex traits and between the different components, were determined by computing simple correlation coefficients. The direct and indirect relationships of the components to the complex traits were further analyzed by path coefficient analyses. Estimates of the type of gene action present for the complex traits, as well as for their respective components, were made by computing general and specific combining ability estimates and narrow-sense heritability estimates. Heterosis may occur in a complex trait even though none of the components of the complex trait exhibit heterosis. This situation has been called component interaction. When parental varieties do not differ in the complex trait but possess large differences in the components of the complex trait, component interaction may occur in the hybrid to produce heterosis in the complex trait. Additive expressions for the components in the hybrids of such parental varieties may result in the hybrids exceeding both parents in the complex trait. Large differences in the components of the three complex traits were found to exist among the parental varieties in this study while the parental varieties were not greatly different in the complex traits. These findings would suggest that component interactions were likely to occur in the hybrids produced by crossing the parental varieties. However, in this study, the expression of heterosis for the three complex traits was limited, with only a few crosses expressing a substantial amount of heterosis. The lack of heterosis, particularly in those crosses where the largest differences in the components existed between the parental varieties, could be ascribed to the failure to obtain an additive expression in the hybrid for the most important components. The relationships between the components of the complex traits also indicated that the components were not completely independent. The lack of independence of the components could also prevent component interactions. There were several crosses which did exhibit component interaction in the expression of heterosis for the complex trait but these were relatively few in comparison to those which did not exhibit component interaction. Estimates of gene action, in general, were in agreement with the observations of heterosis. Those traits which exhibited the most heterosis were found to be controlled mainly by non-additive gene action white those traits exhibiting a slight amount of heterosis were found to have large additive gene action estimates associated with them.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 1490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Theses and Dissertations Oregon State University written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Theses and Dissertations 1966 1970 Oregon State University written by Margaret Basilia Guss and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comptes Rendus de L Association Internationale D essais de Semences written by International Seed Testing Association and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 1114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 1248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliographic Series written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index 1861 1972 Agriculture written by Xerox University Microfilms and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimates of Genetic Variance and Heterosis in F1 Winter X Spring Barley Crosses Hordeum Vulgare L written by Moncef Mohamed Harrabi and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Four winter and four spring barley cultivars along with their F1 hybrids were grown on the Hyslop Agronomy Farm near Corvallis, Oregon, a high rainfall site (over 1000 mm annually) located in the Willamette Valley. The experiment consisted of four replications. Ten seeds of each F1 and parents were seeded in a three meter row. Plants were spaced 30 cm between and within the rows. Investigations were made to evaluate the presence of hybrid vigor when hybridizing winter and spring barley. Gene action estimates contributing to yield and its components were obtained. Additional information concerning the inheritance and the association of 12 agronomic traits and yield were also evaluated. The data were analyzed by using the factorial technique, analysis of variance, correlations, path-coefficient, parent-progeny regressions, and by polynomial and multiple regressions. The traits measured were: (1) total yield per plant, (2) kernel weight, (3) tiller number per plant, (4) kernel number per spike, (5) heading date, (6) plant height, (7) flag leaf area, (8) flag leaf width, (9) flag leaf length, (10) culm diameter, (11) head length, and (12) head extrusion. Heterobeltiosis was observed in all of the hybrids except in the cross between Adair and Short Wocus. The absence of hybrid vigor in this cross may be attributed to the fact that these two parents are closely related. Combining ability analysis as well as narrow sense heritability estimates indicated that additive gene action is more predominant in the expression of heading date, plant height, tiller number, head length, culm diameter, flag leaf width and kernel weight. Heterobeltiosis and high SCA estimates were observed in most of the hybrids for yield per plant and kernel number per spike. This implies that most of the genetic variation associated with these two traits resulted from non-additive gene action. The high SCA estimate observed for head extrusion indicates that this trait appeared to be controlled by non-additive gene action. Both additive and nonadditive gene action are important for the expression of flag leaf area and flag leaf length. When the 12 traits were correlated and the r values partitioned into direct and indirect effects it was observed that tiller number, kernel weight and kernel number per spike exerted the highest direct effect on yield. Plant height had a small positive direct effect, but an indirect effect on yield through kernel weight. It was further observed that a negative association exists between tiller number and kernel weight. This indicates that, in this barley population, it would be difficult to select for a plant containing large grain type and short stature, but it may be easy to select short plants with a relatively large number of tillers and high kernel number per spike. Path coefficient analysis indicated further that flag leaf area has a negative direct effect on yield and the remaining six traits have a negligible or no direct effect on yield, indicating that these traits can not be used as selection criteria. More genetic variability for tiller number and kernel number per spike was noted in the winter barley while more genetic variability for kernel weight was found in the spring barley. The results of this study suggest that increases in yield could be achieved by selecting plants with relatively high tiller number and high kernel weight. Selection for a high kernel number per spike can be accomplished by selecting for large culms and longer peduncle. By this procedure the breeder can take advantage of the additive genetic variance associated with tiller number and kernel weight and by the positive correlation that exists between culm size and peduncle length with kernel number per spike.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Malt Extract and Grain Yield in a Spring Barley Hordeum Vulgare L Cross written by Ergun Ozdemir and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Malting Quality in a Winter X Spring Barley Hordeum Vulgare L Cross written by Adeline M. Oziel and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making quality and winterhardiness in barley are "ultimate" phenotypes composed of component, quantitatively inherited traits. A 69-point genome map of the seven chromosomes of barley was used, in conjunction with multi-environment phenotypes for grain yield and malting quality, to determine the chromosome locations of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). A combined analysis of the two environments identified QTLs that were both common and unique to each environment. Dispersed QTLs with positive relationships provide ready targets for marker-assisted selection. Overlapping QTLs for agronomic and making quality QTLs with favorable alleles contributed by alternate parents will require further, higher resolution mapping to determine if negative relationships are due to linkage or pleiotropy. There is preliminary evidence for orthologous agronomic trait and malting QTLs in barley. This QTL analysis will hopefully assist in the rapid development of winter making varieties that will maximize the profitability of Oregon barley production.
Download or read book Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research written by American Malting Barley Association and published by . This book was released on with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agronomy Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Breeding Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
