Download or read book The Establishment of a Novel Therapeutic Approach in Glioblastoma Multiforme written by Marie Nicole Krause and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Novel Treatment Strategies for Glioblastoma written by Stanley Stylli and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2021-12-21 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of articles that brings together current knowledge from an international team of contributors who are dedicated investigators exploring novel strategies for the treatment of glioblastoma. These articles describe some of the latest concepts that will provide students, researchers and clinicians with an overview of the therapeutic approaches being developed in the field of neuro-oncology to combat this deadly disease.

Download or read book Glioblastoma Multiforme written by James Markert and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2005 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatment of malignant glioma remains a major challenge for neurosurgeons, neurologists, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists caring for patients with these tumors. Glioblastoma multiforme, the most common type of brain tumor, is also the most deadly -- only five percent of patients or fewer will be alive at five years after diagnosis. This comprehensive new reference is edited by a renowned team consisting of a neurosurgeon, medical oncologist, oncologic surgeon, and radiation oncologist. The book provides basic researchers and clinicians with a contemporary review of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of glioblastoma multiforme, and also imparts to experienced investigators outside of the field sufficient background to apply their skills to the treatment of this deadly disease. Expert malignant glioma researchers and clinicians provide state-of-the-art chapters on important topics such as molecular genetic classification of glioblastoma, surgical management, stem cell therapy, chemotherapy, angiogenesis, and more.

Download or read book Novel Therapeutic Advances in Glioblastoma written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-22 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novel Therapeutic Advances in Glioblastoma, Volume 151 in the International Review of Neurobiology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of topics, including Blood-brain barrier and pathophysiology of brain tumors, Promising strategies of glioblastoma treatment: personalized genotoxic therapy and stem cell transplantation, Extracellular matrix and biocompatible materials in glioblastoma treatment, Expression of Twist associated to microcirculation patterns of human glioma correlated with progression and survival of the patient, Advanced Multimodal Imaging in Differentiating Glioma Recurrence from Post-radiotherapy Changes, Advanced Multimodal Imaging in Differentiating Glioma Recurrence from Post-radiotherapy Changes, and much more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the International Review of Neurobiology series Updated release includes the latest information on glioblastomas

Download or read book Glioblastoma written by Swapan K. Ray and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-31 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glioblastoma is the most malignant brain tumor that still remains incurable. It is such a deadly disease that patients do not survive more than a few months after diagnosis. Our understanding of the histopathology and molecular mechanisms of formation of glioblastoma is rapidly advancing so as to provide us clues for devising rational therapeutic strategies for treatment of this malignancy. It is important that we continue to improve our knowledge about the pathogenesis of this devastating disease and explore new areas to find successful therapeutic strategies. Various approaches such as sophisticated imaging techniques, improved surgical procedures, ground-breaking strategies for radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, chemoimmunotherapy, and photodynamic therapy are being used for eradicating glioblastoma. Hopefully, this book will be an important source of information on glioblastoma and therefore be highly useful to the students, postdoctoral fellows, principal investigators, and clinicians involved in this field.

Download or read book Re Irradiation New Frontiers written by Carsten Nieder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-25 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, now in its second edition, provides a comprehensive overview of current re-irradiation strategies, with detailed discussion of re-irradiation methods, technical aspects, the role of combined therapy with anticancer drugs and hyperthermia, and normal tissue tolerance. In addition, disease specific chapters document recent clinical results and future research directions. All chapters from the first edition have been revised and updated to take account of the latest developments and research findings, including those from prospective studies. Due attention is paid to the exciting developments in the fields of proton irradiation and frameless image-guided ablative radiotherapy. The book documents fully how refined combined modality approaches and significant technical advances in radiation treatment planning and delivery have facilitated the re-irradiation of previously exposed volumes, allowing both palliative and curative approaches to be pursued at various disease sites. Professionals involved in radiation treatment planning and multimodal oncology treatment will find it to be an invaluable aid in understanding the benefits and limitations of re-irradiation and in designing prospective trials.

Download or read book Glioma written by Ibrahim Omerhodzic and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-01-16 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past three decades have been marked with huge enthusiasm from scientists and professionals in an effort to find a cure for glioma disease. Methods to confirm the kinds and grades of glioma have taken a path from classical macro- to microscopic pathohystological confirmation of tumors, through morphological-histological, molecular, and genetic diagnosis. Surgically, progress was made possible with the development and use of technological aids, for example neuronavigation, cortical mapping, electrocorticography, neuromonitoring, functional and intraoperative MRI, magnetoencephalography, etc. Great hope was placed on the extension of tumor resection and popular supratotal resection. Significant progress has been made generally in glioma treatment with the use of modern radiotherapy and new chemotherapeutics. What do we want to see for the future? By way of stem cells, a specific medicine will be produced, individualized for the particular patient, and by using a microcapsule it will be implanted into the brain zone affected by the tumor by way of robot surgery and injection needle. This is not at all an unrealistic expectation in the next decade or two.

Download or read book Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma written by Mostafa Khairy and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glioblastoma has a devastating prognosis, and a remarkably low survival rate. Current therapeutic strategies including surgery, radiation and temozolomide are only useful as a palliative therapy, with no significant increase in overall survival. In this study, we investigated multiple therapeutic approaches, both as a new main treatment and as an adjuvant therapy to enhance the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to radiation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation is an important epigenetic mechanism for controlling gene expression and DNA repair. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are controlled by two classes of enzymes: Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and Histone deacetylases (HDACs). Histone acetylation occurs on the lysine residues of histones, which neutralizes the lysine positive charge, leading to weakening of the electrostatic attraction between those residues and DNA. This induces a less condensed chromatin condition, which enhances the accessibility of DNA binding proteins to DNA. We postulated that the inhibition of histone acetylation will increase the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to radiation. In the first part of my thesis, I used immunofluorescence microscopy to examine the effect of HAT inhibition on chromatin condensation and DNA double strand breaks after radiation, with no significant effect observed. HATs use acetyl CoA as the substrate for histone acetylation. Acetyl CoA is produced in the cell through various metabolic pathways, which include glucose, fatty acids, and glutamine metabolism. It has been reported that the acetyl CoA that is used for histone acetylation comes mainly from glucose metabolism in a panel of colorectal, prostate, glioblastoma and breast cancer cell lines. In the second part of my thesis, I investigated the effect of glucose concentrations in culture media on histone H3 and histone H4 acetylation, with the goal of controlling histone acetylation with glucose concentration and determining the impact on DNA repair. However, glucose concentration in the media had no effect histone acetylation. Finally, in the third part of my thesis, I examined whether tumor selective energy deprivation using 'ketogenic diet' culture media might affect the growth of glioblastoma cells. Research from different labs showed that glioblastoma cells have impaired mitochondrial function, and less active OXCT1 3-oxoacid-CoA transferase 1, leaving them with a disrupted ability to metabolize a ketogenic diet. We saw this as a therapeutic window opportunity, with a ketogenic diet affecting energy production in glioblastoma cells but not affecting the normal cells in the brain. Our results indicated that both healthy tissue and glioblastoma cells were unable to use the ketogenic diet for energy production. Therefore, we did not pursue this approach.Finally, in the last part of my thesis, I evaluated sulforaphane, a natural product that occurs in broccoli sprouts, as a new therapeutic approach for glioblastoma, for its anti-cancer properties. I found that sulforaphane exerted a cytotoxic effect on both U251 and U87 cells in a dose responsive manner. In addition, sulforaphane showed anti-invasion in U87 cells and cell cycle inhibition effects in U251 glioblastoma cells. Sulforaphane, however, did not enhance radiation cytotoxicity using the alamarBlue cytotoxicity assay. In conclusion, we believe that sulforaphane is a good candidate for in vivo studies and further research for glioblastoma therapy. In conclusion, in this thesis we investigated different strategies to increase the efficacy of radiation treatment in glioblastoma therapy. The methods we used included HAT inhibition, changing the glucose concentration to affect histone acetylation, ketogenic diet media and sulforaphane. Among these, only sulforaphane showed cytotoxic, anti-invasive and cell cycle inhibition effects on glioblastoma cells. For future directions, we plan to test sulforaphane synergy with radiation.

Download or read book Novel Approaches in the Treatment for Glioblastoma Multiforme written by Alexandra JD Sufit and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glioblastoma multiforme is a dismal disease with a prognosis of 12-14 months following diagnosis. Patients diagnosed with this disease have a 5% 5-year survival rate. Unfortunately, these statistics have not changed in 30 years despite ongoing research within the field. The current standard of care therapy of gross total resection (if eligible) followed by radiation and chemotherapy, temozolomide, is limited and only offer a few months of prolonged life. Genomic analysis of tumors has identified many mutations, amplifications, and genetic anomalies within the cancer DNA repertoire. Improving our understanding of the molecular alterations in this disease through these identifications provide us with the potential ability to target proteins specifically aiding to the survival of cancer. Some of these mutations have been targeted successfully and have prolonged life in other cancers, e.g.CML and lung cancer. However, clinical trials have revealed that certain targeted therapies, such as avastin and cetuximab, do not prolong life in glioblastoma. Glioblastoma is known for its highly mutated DNA, its highly migratory phenotype, and its high heterogeneity, making this tumor difficult to target. One goal is to find an essential oncoprotein that the tumor is addicted to, a theory known as oncogene addiction, to target and eliminate the cells upon inactivation of the oncogene. Another is to find a protein that is only expressed by the tumor cell, known as a tumor specific antigen, to reduce toxicity levels of therapy. Unfortunately, these tasks are not as easily accomplished as they were originally theorized. MERTK, a receptor tyrosine kinase, is a protein that is essential in glioblastoma with regard to signaling for cellular migration, pro-survival and pro-proliferative signaling pathways. Targeting MERTK is promising because it is aberrantly expressed in 90% of glioblastoma patient samples tested. However, taking into consideration the failed clinical trials for monotherapy against EGFR, another receptor tyrosine kinase targeted in GBM, combination therapy may provide a better approach in the treatment of GBM. Two approaches were tested. One approach combined therapy of MERTK inhibition with either chemotherapy or autophagy manipulation. The second approach is to stimulate the immune system alongside EGFR inhibition, with the hope of enabling a greater response in patients.

Download or read book The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism written by Anne Le and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic alterations in cancer, in addition to being the fundamental drivers of tumorigenesis, can give rise to a variety of metabolic adaptations that allow cancer cells to survive and proliferate in diverse tumor microenvironments. This metabolic flexibility is different from normal cellular metabolic processes and leads to heterogeneity in cancer metabolism within the same cancer type or even within the same tumor. In this book, we delve into the complexity and diversity of cancer metabolism, and highlight how understanding the heterogeneity of cancer metabolism is fundamental to the development of effective metabolism-based therapeutic strategies. Deciphering how cancer cells utilize various nutrient resources will enable clinicians and researchers to pair specific chemotherapeutic agents with patients who are most likely to respond with positive outcomes, allowing for more cost-effective and personalized cancer therapeutic strategies.

Download or read book Irreversible Electroporation written by Boris Rubinsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-25 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-thermal irreversible electroporation is a new minimally invasive surgical p- cedure with unique molecular selectivity attributes – in fact it may be considered the first clinical molecular surgery procedure. Non-thermal irreversible electro- ration is a molecular selective mode of cell ablation that employs brief electrical fields to produce nanoscale defects in the cell membrane, which can lead to cell death, without an effect on any of the other tissue molecules. The electrical fields can be produced through contact by insertion of electrode needles around the undesirable tissue and non-invasively by electromagnetic induction. This new - dition to the medical armamentarium requires the active involvement and is of interest to clinical physicians, medical researchers, mechanical engineers, che- cal engineers, electrical engineers, instrumentation designers, medical companies and many other fields and disciplines that were never exposed in their training to irreversible electroporation or to a similar concept. This edited book is designed to be a comprehensive introduction to the field of irreversible electroporation to those that were not exposed or trained in the field before and can also serve as a reference manual. Irreversible electroporation is broad and interdisciplinary. Therefore, we have made an attempt to cover every one of the various aspects of the field from an introductory basic level to state of the art.

Download or read book Engineered Neural Stem Cells Encapsulated in a Biocompatible Synthetic Extracellular Matrix as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme written by Timo Marian Kauer and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Temozolomide Resistant Glioblastoma Delivery of Liposomal Lomeguatrib Via Focused Ultrasound Supported Blood Brain Barrier Opening written by Rea Deborah Signorell and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of a Novel Htertc27 Based Cancer written by Yi Gao and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Development of a Novel HTERTC27 Based Cancer: Gene Therapy" by Yi, Gao, 高毅, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled "Development of a Novel hTERTC27 based Cancer Gene Therapy" Submitted by GAO Yi for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in February 2007 Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary tumors found in the human central nervous system. Despite surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, GBMs are almost always fatal, with a median survival rate of approximate a year. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop novel therapeutic approaches for this disease. Gene therapy, the use of genes or other nucleic acids as drugs, is a powerful new treatment strategy which can be developed to treat GBMs. We have previously constructed a 27 kDa polypeptide (hTERTC27) encoding the C-terminus domain of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and shown that hTERTC27 has potent anti-tumor activities in vitro in hTERT positive cancer cell lines and in vivo in nude mice xenograft, suggesting that hTERTC27 might be an ideal candidate for developing into a broadband therapeutic drug for cancers. My project aims to establish an hTERTC27-based cancer gene therapy using adeno-associated virus (AAV) plus adenovirus (Adv) cocktail vector system developed in our laboratory. To achieve this goal, I established a platform of large scale rAAV-hTERTC27 and rAdv-hTERTC27 productions and conducted pre-clinical studies using a nude mice GBM (U87-MG cells) xenograft model. Furthermore, I also developed a novel cancer gene therapy strategy by combining the novel anti-cancer gene hTERTC27 therapy with anti-angiogenesis, immunomodulatory and pro-apoptotic gene therapy to furnish the best performance of the treatment. In this study, I first showed that intratumoral injection of rAAV-hTERTC27 is highly effective in reducing tumor growth of the subcutaneously transplanted GBM. Histological studies and microarray data suggested that hTERTC27 exerts its anti-tumor effect through complex mechanisms including apoptosis, immune responses, etc. Using optical in vivo imaging, I demonstrated, for the first time, that adenovirus can enhance the transduction efficiency of rAAV by altering the expression pattern and magnitude of rAAV in vivo. These novel findings also suggested that combining rAAV-hTERTC27 with a rAdv vector, in particular a therapeutic dose of rAdv-hTERTC27, can elicit a significant enhancement on the anti-tumor effect. Moreover, my result of the hTERTC27 based combination therapy showed that hTERTC27 gene therapy in combination with other anti-cancer strategies, including anti-angiogenic gene (vastatin and HGFK1) therapy, immunomodulatory gene (hIL-2 and hGM-CSF) therapy, and pro-apoptotic gene (p53) therapy, can lead to significantly increased anti-tumor effect using rAAV+rAdv cocktail vector system in U87-MG nude mice xenograft model. Most importantly, 20% of mice in the rAAV-hTERTC27+rAAV-vastatin+rAdv-null treatment group, 33% of mice in the rAAV-hTERTC27+rAdv-hTERTC27 treatment group, and 38% of mice in the rAAV-hTERTC27+rAdv-hIL-2 treatment group achieved complete tumor regression. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a novel and efficient hTERTC27 based cancer gene therapy strategy for GBM treatment. Further investigations will definitely contribute to the translation of this promising experimental system into clinical practice. (443 words) DOI: 10.5353/th_b3955779 Subjects: Glioblastoma multif

Download or read book Handbook of Brain Tumor Chemotherapy Molecular Therapeutics and Immunotherapy written by Herbert B. Newton and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-03-28 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Brain Tumor Chemotherapy, Molecular Therapeutics, and Immunotherapy, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular methodologies in the neuro-oncology field. There have been profound changes in the landscape of approaches to brain tumor therapy since the first edition—mainly in the areas of molecular biology and molecular therapeutics, as well as in the maturation of immunotherapy approaches (e.g., vaccines). This updated edition has a new, primary focus on multidisciplinary molecular methods, and is broadened to include the latest cutting-edge molecular biology, therapeutics, immunobiology and immunotherapy approaches. As the first comprehensive book to address the molecular research into these concepts, users will find it to be an invaluable resource on the topics discussed. Provides the most up-to-date information regarding conventional forms of cytotoxic chemotherapy, as well as the basic science and clinical application of molecular therapeutics for the treatment of brain tumors Broadly appeals to anyone interested in neuro-oncology and the treatment of brain tumors Features updated chapters on molecular biology, molecular therapeutics, maturation of immunotherapy approaches, and a focus on multidisciplinary molecular methods Includes a new section on the basic science of immunology, as well as thorough updates on the use of vaccine technology and immunotherapy for the treatment of brain tumors

Download or read book Developing Novel Therapies for Gram negative Bacterial Infections and Glioblastoma Multiforme written by Tracy Curtis Holmes (#suffix.) and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing novel therapies for gram-negative bacterial infections and glioblastoma multiforme I. cloning and characterization of the guadinomine biosynthetic gene cluster II. developing a novel chemo-sensitizing agent to treat glioblastoma. This thesis explores the development of novel therapies for the treatment of two complicated problems: Gram-negative bacterial infections and glioblastoma multiforme, the most aggressive form of brain cancer. Part I of the thesis summarizes the current body of knowledge regarding guadinomines, their biosynthesis and implications for developing novel anti-infective agents. Part II of the thesis summarizes the development of the small molecule, ERW1227B, and its ability to sensitize glioblastoma cells to standard therapies. Part I. Guadinomines are a recently discovered family of anti-infective compounds produced by Streptomyces sp. K01-0509. They are the first microbial metabolites shown to inhibit the Type III Secretion System (TTSS) of Gram-negative bacteria. The TTSS is required for the virulence of many pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp., Chlamydia spp., Vibrio spp., and Pseudomonas spp. Inhibition of the TTSS can mitigate virulence which is important considering that Gram-negative bacteria infect millions each year, leading to considerable morbidity and mortality. The guadinomine (gdn) biosynthetic gene cluster has been sequenced, and encodes a chimeric multimodular polyketide synthase -- nonribosomal peptide synthetase spanning 26 open reading frames and 51.2 kb. It also encodes enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the unusual aminomalonyl-ACP extender unit and the signature carbamoylated cyclic guanidine. Its identity was established by genetic inactivation of the cluster, as well as heterologous expression and analysis of enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway. Identifying the guadinomine gene cluster provides critical insight into the biosynthesis of these biologically important compounds. Part II. Glioblastomas display variable phenotypes that include increased drug-resistance associated with enhanced migratory and anti-apoptotic characteristics. These shared characteristics contribute to failure of clinical treatment regimens. Identification of novel compounds that both promote cell death and impair cellular motility is a logical strategy to develop more effective clinical protocols. Previously, we described the ability of the small molecule, KCC009, a tissue transglutaminase inhibitor, to sensitize glioblastoma cells to chemotherapy. In the current study, we synthesized a series of related compounds that show variable ability to promote cell death and impair motility in glioblastomas, irrespective of their ability to inhibit TG2. Each compound has a 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroisoxazole component that presumably reacts with a nucleophilic cysteine thiol residue in one (or more) target protein(s) that have affinity for the small molecule. Our studies focused on the effects of the compound, ERW1227B. Treatment of glioblastoma cells with ERW1227B was associated with both down-regulation of the PI-3 kinase/Akt pathway, which enhanced cell death; as well as disruption of focal adhesions and intracellular actin fibers, which impaired cellular mobility. Bioassays as well as time-lapse photography of glioblastoma cells treated with ERW1227B showed cell death and rapid loss of cellular motility. Mice studies with in vivo glioblastoma models demonstrated the ability of ERW1227B to sensitize tumor cells to cell death after treatment with either chemotherapy or radiation. The above findings identify ERW1227B as a potential novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of glioblastomas.

Download or read book In Search for New Therapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma Multiforme written by Roba R. Sofi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: