Download or read book The Electricity Sector in FYR Macedonia written by Alexander F. Tieman and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes the current state of the Macedonian electricity sector. It looks at ongoing structural changes, driven by the gradual adoption of the EU acquis on energy, and comes up with estimates for electricity subsidies. It concludes by discussing the longer term outlook and sketching policy options.

Download or read book FYR Macedonia Green Growth Country Assessment written by Erika Jorgensen and Maria Shkaratan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This green growth country assessment for FYR Macedonia defines and assesses the economic costs and benefits of a shift to greener growth for FYR Macedonia, with a focus on climate action. Multi-sector analytic work tied together by macroeconomic modeling generated a detailed green growth path to 2050. While addressing today's economic challenges, policymakers need to keep the long-term in mind, both the likely impact of a changing climate on water, agriculture, and infrastructure and growing obligations to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. This consideration is particularly important for decisions on long-lived infrastructure such as power supply, irrigation, or urban streets, water distribution, and sewers. Innovative modeling of water as a constraint on growth as the climate becomes warmer and drier quantified the tough tradeoffs that will be needed to balance competing demands from agriculture, the power sector, and municipalities and industry. A greener energy sector needs to aim at increased supply security, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and increased supply efficiency: more generation to avoid blackouts and expensive imports; lignite and oil replaced by gas and renewables in the supply mix; and aggressive energy efficiency measures in industry, buildings, and households. Providing better transport services while containing accelerating emissions growth will require better fuel efficiency, more use of rail and public transport, and an integrated approach to urban transport that maximizes local cobenefits. Urban areas, especially the capital city of Skopje hold the potential to lead on greener growth. In recent years, urban sprawl, driven by growth in the number of single family houses that use wood for heating and private cars for commuting, has pushed up the energy intensity of urban life as well as the cost of delivering infrastructure services to a less-dense community. The country also needs to plan for the impact of a changing climate on the reliability and quality of infrastructure services. Planners need to decide whether to build infrastructure to be more resilient today or wait to see what happens and spend more on maintenance and rehabilitation (or replacement) later. For FYR Macedonia, the top priorities for infrastructure adaptation over the next decade include urban drainage systems, health and education facilities and municipal buildings. The main local cobenefit of mitigation will be reduction of air pollution, which is among the highest in Europe. Particulate matter pollution from industry, the power sector, and road paving can be abated through better equipment while the other large and unusual source of air pollution--the widespread use of wood for heat by urban households--can be reduced in the near-term by more modern stoves and in the long-term by better heating options. An economy-wide macroeconomic assessment estimates the impact on growth and employment of packages of green growth actions across sectors and provides advice on priorities for public investment. Climate investments pose costs upfront but provide benefits both now and later. Adaptation interventions (which protect tomorrow’s output from climate damage) are found to be less costly to growth and employment in the short-term than mitigation measures (which reduce greenhouse gas emissions) once sector results are integrated into a general equilibrium model. Under a ‘green’ climate action scenario, moderate adaptation measures in agriculture and water and incremental expenses in the climate-proofing of physical infrastructure would amount to the equivalent of around 0.1 percent of annual GDP, while moderate mitigation measures would require the mobilization of resources constituting about one percent of annual GDP. More ambitious climate action, under a ‘super-green’ scenario, would require water sector investments that reach one percent of GDP by 2015 while mitigation investments require two percent of GDP by 2020. Green climate action would together generate short-term losses to national income of more than two percent if financing is mobilized domestically, while super-green action induces even bigger losses. However, both moderate and ambitious climate action promise a medium- to long-term boost in the level of GDP—reaching 1.5 to 2 percent by 2050.

Download or read book Review of Electricity Supply and Demand in Southeast Europe written by Varadarajan Atur and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Review of Electricity Supply and Demand in Southeast Europe written by Varadarajan Atur and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, and the republics of Former Yugoslavia

Download or read book Building Market Institutions in South Eastern Europe written by Harry G. Broadman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Performance Review written by United Nations and published by United Nations. This book was released on 2019-10-24 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third Environmental Performance Review of North Macedonia examines progress made by the country in the management of its environment since 2011. It covers legal and policy frameworks, greening the economy, environmental monitoring, and public participation and education for sustainable development. Furthermore, the EPR addresses issues of specific importance to the country related to air protection, biodiversity and protected areas, as well as water, and waste and chemicals management. The review further provides a substantive and policy analysis of the country’s climate change adaptation and mitigation measures and its participation in international mechanisms. The publication is aimed at officials and experts working for public authorities responsible for environmental policy, representatives of civil society, the business community, academia and the media.

Download or read book Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-09-03 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2015 Article IV Consultation highlights that the economic recovery of Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia has strengthened. Real GDP growth accelerated to 3.8 percent in 2014, from 2.7 percent in 2013. Strong growth was attributed to double-digit growth in investment driven by activities in the Technological Industrial Development Zones and public infrastructure, as well as strong private consumption supported by robust credit growth and improving labor market conditions. GDP growth in 2015 is expected to moderate to 3.2 percent, with significant downside risks. A derailment of recent political agreement could negatively impact economic sentiment and growth.

Download or read book The Future of the Natural Gas Market in Southeast Europe written by Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010-07-20 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was to analyze the future role of natural gas in the energy mix of countries of South East Europe. The study further identifies regional, cross-border and country-specific gas infrastructure projects that are economically, financially and technically sound. The study also analyses, and makes proposals for, the institutional and policy issues relating to funding and implementing gas infrastructure projects. The study examines sources of gas supply from Russia, the Caspian region and other current and prospective producer countries through Turkey and other transit routes (including LNG) and assesses costs of supply and gasification prospects in nine gas markets in the South East Europe region: Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Kosovo Macedonia Montenegro Romania Serbia These markets are all signatories of the Athens Memoranda of 2002 and 2003, which commit the participants to regional cooperation in electricity and gas.

Download or read book Energy Prices and Taxes written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 1102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-01-20 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2009 Article IV Consultation highlights that the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia’s vulnerability at the outset of the global crisis was its large current account deficit in the context of the exchange rate peg to the euro. At the same time, it benefited from a small fiscal deficit, modest public debt, and significant international reserve buffers. Executive Directors have praised the Macedonian authorities for the conduct of macroeconomic policies, which contributed to a modest downturn in Macedonia’s economy relative to other countries in the region.

Download or read book Central and Eastern Europe Commercial Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1998-04 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Performance Reviews written by Economic Commission for Europe and published by United Nations. This book was released on 2003-04-04 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Performance Reviews promote sustainable development throughout Europe. They present detailed studies on environmental position of each country and examine the framework for environmental policy and management.

Download or read book Energy in the Western Balkans written by International Energy Agency and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is the first comprehensive review of energy policies and strategies in the Western Balkan region, covering important cross-cutting topics such as co-operation and energy trade, oil and gas transportation, and the links between energy and poverty."

Download or read book Electricity markets and reforms in Europe written by AA. VV. and published by FrancoAngeli. This book was released on 2012-05-14T00:00:00+02:00 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 380.381

Download or read book Annuaire europ en 42 1994 1996 written by Tsimaratos and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 1996-11-19 with total page 1278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "European Yearbook" promotes the scientific study of European organisations and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Each volume contains a detailed survey of the history, structure and yearly activities of each organisation and an up-to-date chart providing a clear overview of the member states of each organisation. In addition, a number of articles on topics of general interest are included in each volume. A general index by subject and name, and a cumulative index of all the articles which have appeared in the "Yearbook," are included in every volume and provide direct access to the "Yearbook"'s subject matter. Each volume contains a comprehensive bibliography covering the year's relevant publications. This is an indispensable work of reference for anyone dealing with the European institutions. It is bilingual (English and French).

Download or read book Proceedings of IAC MEM 2017 written by group of authors and published by Czech Institute of Academic Education z.s.. This book was released on 2017-04-11 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Academic Conference on Management, Economics and Marketing in Budapest, Hungary 2017 (IAC-MEM 2017), Friday - Saturday, April 14 - 15, 2017

Download or read book The Irregular Pendulum of Democracy written by Dimitri A. Sotiropoulos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-30 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that the backsliding or stagnation of democracy should be interpreted in a wider perspective on irregular movements towards and away from contemporary liberal democracy. This a perspective couched by a metaphor, namely the 'pendulum of democracy', which the author has constructed to suggest that democratic regimes may swing between a democratic end (fully developed liberal democracy) and a semi-authoritarian end (competitive authoritarianism). The pendulum does not have a predictable frequency. Democratization may lead to irregular movements back and forth. It is easier to analyze such movements of the pendulum when democracy is not consolidated yet (for instance, in the three post-Yugoslav political regimes mentioned above), as democratic institutions and processes are not yet stable. For this reason, this book analyses the swing of unconsolidated democracy away from the democratic end in the cases of today’s Serbia and Montenegro and the swing back towards liberal democracy in the case of North Macedonia which - until 2017 - had been developing into a competitive authoritarian regime, but then embarked on the road to democratic recovery.