Download or read book The Effects of Phytosanitary Regulations on U S Imports of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables written by United States Department of Agriculture and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-12-06 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the late 1980s, multilateral and bilateral trade agreements have reduced tariff rates and worked to restrain the arbitrary use of nontariff measures, including sanitary and phytosanitary regulations. U.S. imports of fruits and vegetables have risen steadily dur-ing this period as more pathways (specific country-commodity combinations) for legal importation to the United States have gained approval, regulations for gaining import access have been streamlined, and treatment options for phytosanitary issues have been expanded. This report compares 2011 tariff rates with phytosanitary treatments for 29 fruits and vegetables. In general, both tariffs and nontariff phytosanitary measures are relatively small across high-volume import pathways, and there is little evidence to suggest that phytosanitary regulations have a large effect on trade.
Download or read book The Effects of Phytosanitary Regulations on U S Imports of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables written by Peyton Ferrier and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Phytosanitary Regulations on U S Imports of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables written by United States Department of Agriculture and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-07-12 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the late 1980s, multilateral and bilateral trade agreements have reduced tariff rates and worked to restrain the arbitrary use of nontariff measures, including sanitary and phytosanitary regulations. U.S. imports of fruits and vegetables have risen steadily during this period as more pathways (specific country-commodity combinations) for legal importation to the United States have gained approval, regulations for gaining import access have been streamlined, and treatment options for phytosanitary issues have been expanded. This report compares 2011 tariff rates with phytosanitary treatments for 29 fruits and vegetables. In general, both tariffs and nontariff phytosanitary measures are relatively small across high-volume import pathways, and there is little evidence to suggest that phytosanitary regulations have a large effect on trade.
Download or read book Evaluating the Trade Restrictiveness of Phytosanitary Measures on U S Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Imports written by Everett Peterson and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirically assessing sanitary and phytosanitary regulations has proven difficult because most data sources indicate whether a regulation exists but provide no information on the type or importance of the respective measure. In this article, we construct a novel database of U.S. phytosanitary measures and match these to 47 fresh fruit and vegetable product imports from 89 exporting countries over the period 1996-2008. A product-line gravity equation that accounts for zero trade flows is developed to investigate the trade impact of different pest-mitigation measures. While the results suggest that phytosanitary treatments generally reduce trade, the actual restrictiveness of these measures diminishes dramatically as exporters accumulate experience, and it vanishes when exporters reach a certain threshold. The results have important policy implications considering the number of empirical studies that find a negative impact of non-tariff measures on trade.
Download or read book Trends and Impacts of Fruit and Vegetable Imports written by Brian P. Crowley and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Imports of Fruits and Vegetables Under Plant Quarantine Regulations written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Revision of Fruits and Vegetables Import Regulations Us Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Regulation Aphis 2018 Edition written by The Law The Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revision of Fruits and Vegetables Import Regulations (US Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Regulation) (APHIS) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Revision of Fruits and Vegetables Import Regulations (US Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Regulation) (APHIS) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 We are revising and reorganizing the regulations pertaining to the importation of fruits and vegetables to consolidate requirements of general applicability and eliminate redundant requirements, update terms and remove outdated requirements and references, update the regulations that apply to importations into territories under U.S. administration, and make various editorial and nonsubstantive changes to regulations to make them easier to use. We are also making substantive changes to the regulations, including: Establishing criteria that, if met, will allow us to approve certain new fruits and vegetables for importation into the United States and to acknowledge pest-free areas in foreign countries more effectively and expeditiously and doing away with the practice of listing in the regulations specific commodities that may be imported subject to certain types of phytosanitary measures. These changes are intended to simplify and expedite our processes for approving certain new imports and pest-free areas while continuing to allow for full public participation in the processes. This rule revises the structure of the fruits and vegetables import regulations and establishes a new process for approving certain new commodities for importation into the United States. It does not, however, allow the importation of any specific new fruits or vegetables, nor does it alter the conditions for importing currently approved fruits or vegetables except as specifically described in this document. To the extent that our trading partners consider the length of time it takes to conduct the rulemaking process a trade barrier, these changes may facilitate the export of U.S. agricultural commodities by reducing that time for fruits and vegetables that meet this rule's criteria. The changes do not alter the manner in which the risk associated with a commodity import request is evaluated, nor do they alter the manner in which those risks are ultimately mitigated. This book contains: - The complete text of the Revision of Fruits and Vegetables Import Regulations (US Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Regulation) (APHIS) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section
Download or read book Imports from China and Food Safety Issues written by Fred Gale and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-02 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The FDA¿s increased attention to food imports from China is an indicator of safety concerns as imported food becomes more common in the U.S. Addressing safety risks associated with these imports is difficult because of the vast array of products from China, China¿s weak enforcement of food safety standards, its heavy use of ag. chem., and environ. pollution. FDA refusals of food shipments from China suggest recurring problems with ¿filth,¿ unsafe additives, labeling, and vet. drug residues in fish and shellfish. Chinese authorities try to control food export safety by certifying exporters and the farms that supply them. However, monitoring such a wide range of products for the different hazards is a difficult challenge for Chinese and U.S. officials. Ill.
Download or read book Changing Structure of the U S Fruit and Vegetable Industry written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Domestic Marketing, Consumer Relations, and Nutrition and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Standards and Agro food Exports from Developing Countries written by Steven Jaffee and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proliferation and increased stringency of food safety and agricultural health standards is a source of concern among many developing countries. These standards are perceived as a barrier to the continued success of their exports of high-value agro-food products (including fish, horticultural, and other products), either because these countries lack the technical and administrative capacities needed for compliance or because these standards can be applied in a discriminatory or protectionist manner. Jaffee and Henson draw on available literature and work in progress to examine the underlying evidence related to the changing standards environment and its impact on existing and potential developing country exporters of high-value agricultural and food products. The evidence the authors present, while only partial, suggests that the picture for developing countries as a whole is not necessarily problematic and certainly less pessimistic than the mainstream "standards-as-barriers" perspective. Indeed, rising standards serve to accentuate underlying supply chain strengths and weaknesses and thus impact differently on the competitive position of individual countries and distinct market participants. Some countries and industries are even using high quality and safety standards to successfully (re- )position themselves in competitive global markets. This emphasizes the importance of considering the effects of food safety and agricultural health measures within the context of wider capacity constraints and underlying supply chain trends and drivers. The key question for developing countries is how to exploit their strengths and overcome their weaknesses such that they are gainers rather than losers in the emerging commercial and regulatory context. This paper--a product of the International Trade Department, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to understand the challenges and opportunities facing developing countries associated with evolving international standards for food and other products.
Download or read book Importation of Fruits and Vegetables Us Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Regulation Aphis 2018 Edition written by The Law The Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-16 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Importation of Fruits and Vegetables (US Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Regulation) (APHIS) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Importation of Fruits and Vegetables (US Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Regulation) (APHIS) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 We are amending the fruits and vegetables regulations to list a number of fruits and vegetables from certain parts of the world as eligible, under specified conditions, for importation into the United States. Many of these fruits and vegetables have been eligible for importation under permit, but were not specifically listed in the regulations. All of the fruits and vegetables, as a condition of entry, will be inspected and subject to treatment at the port of first arrival as may be required by an inspector. In addition, some of the fruits and vegetables will be required to be treated or meet other special conditions. We are also recognizing areas in several countries as free from certain fruit flies; adding, modifying, or removing certain definitions; modifying existing treatment requirements for specified commodities; and making other miscellaneous changes. These actions will improve the transparency of our regulations while continuing to protect against the introduction of quarantine pests through imported fruits and vegetables. This book contains: - The complete text of the Importation of Fruits and Vegetables (US Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Regulation) (APHIS) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section
Download or read book Increased U S Imports of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables written by Sophia Wu Huang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Imports of Fruits and Vegetables Under Plant Quarantine Regulations Fiscal Year 1985 written by Mary L. Wright and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Survival of the Fittest written by Everett Peterson and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent contributions to the theoretical and empirical trade literature emphasize the channels by which exporting occurs and the duration and survival rates of trade relationships. However, for agricultural trade, few studies have considered the factors affecting export survival. This article identifies factors affecting the duration of fresh fruit and vegetable exports to the U.S. market, including U.S. sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) policy regulations. The main findings can be summarized as follows. First, our preferred model with exporter binary variables indicates that changes in U.S. commodity prices and exporter gross domestic product have the largest impact, whereas U.S. production variability and exporter experience have the lowest impacts on the hazard rate of export duration. Second, SPS treatment requirements have persistent impacts on trade duration. Water treatment requirements quadruple the average hazard rate in the first year of a spell of service, and while the hazard rate does diminish over time, it is still nearly three times the average hazard rate, even after the fourth year of the spell of service. Similarly, a combination treatment of fumigation and cold treatment/refrigeration more than triples the average hazard rate in the first year of the spell of service, but this effect diminishes more quickly over time.
Download or read book The Commercial Storage of Fruits Vegetables and Florist and Nursery Stocks written by Robert E. Hardenburg and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Note for the electronic edition: This draft has been assembled from information prepared by authors from around the world. It has been submitted for editing and production by the USDA Agricultural Research Service Information Staff and should be cited as an electronic draft of a forthcoming publication. Because the 1986 edition is out of print, because we have added much new and updated information, and because the time to publication for so massive a project is still many months away, we are making this draft widely available for comment from industry stakeholders, as well as university research, teaching and extension staff.
Download or read book The North American Market for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first part of this CD-ROM contains brief descriptions of mandatory import regulations and administrative agencies in the USA and Canada. The second part deals with import regulations and quality requirements, which can be used as guidelines in the preparation, handling and documentation of agricultural shipments to North America. Samples of the required forms are also provided.
Download or read book Food Safety and Quality Systems in Developing Countries written by André Gordon and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-28 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food Safety and Quality Systems in Developing Countries, Volume 2: Case Studies of Effective Implementation begins with a general overview of some of the issues and considerations that impact effective implementation of food safety and quality systems and put this in the context of some of the more noteworthy foodborne illness incidents in the recent past.This book is a rich source of information about the practical application of food science and technology to solving food safety and quality problems in the food industry. Students, researchers, professionals, regulators and market access practitioners will find this book an irreplaceable addition to their arsenal as they deal with issues regarding food safety and quality for the products with which they are working. - Explores the keys to effective implementation of Food Safety and Quality Systems (FSQS), with a focus on selected, specific food safety and quality challenges in developing countries and how these can be mitigated - Provides a treasure trove of information on tropical foods and their production that have applicability to similar foods and facilities around the world - Presents case studies examining national, industry-wide or firm-level issues, and potential solutions
