Download or read book The Effects of High fat Diet and Exercise on Vascular Endothelial Function written by Pornpat Chandrruangphen and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of High fat Diet and Exercise on Vascular Endothelial Function written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cardiovascular Health Disease and Function written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifying the contributions to, and consequences of, impaired cardiovascular health and function is critical to inform effective prevention and treatment strategies. Mental stress and a high-fat diet are independent predictors of cardiovascular disease, and impaired vascular endothelial function (assessed via flow-mediated dilation; FMD) may be a common mechanistic link. Exercise can mitigate cardiovascular risk, but cardiovascular dysfunction (i.e. impaired oxygen delivery) can reduce exercise tolerance and decrease adherence. This may be characteristic of persons with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), but this has never been investigated within the typical constellation of co-morbidities and associated medications in this population. PURPOSE: 1) To evaluate whether the combined experience of mental stress and fat consumption (versus either stimulus alone) exacerbates: postprandial lipemia, stress responsiveness, and endothelial dysfunction. 2) To determine whether T2D (within the typical cluster of co-morbidities and medications) results in impaired exercising muscle oxygen delivery and associated reduced small muscle mass exercise tolerance. METHODS: In healthy persons, FMD was assessed before and hourly for 4-hours post-consumption of a high-fat or low-fat meal, with hourly mental stress (mental arithmetic, speech) or control (counting) tasks. In persons with T2D and matched Controls, forearm critical force (fCFimpulse) was used as an indicator of exercise tolerance; exercising muscle blood flow was measured during fCFimpulse and during the adjustment and steady state of submaximal rest-to-exercise and exercise-to-exercise transitions. Ultrasound was used to measure FMD and exercising muscle blood flow. RESULTS: 1) Repeated mental stress tasks did not impact postprandial lipemia following either meal; 2) Meal fat content did not influence hemodynamic stress responsiveness; 3) Meal fat content did not affect FMD, but endothelial function was modestly greater when the postprandial state was accompanied by mental stress; 4) Relative to matched Controls, representative persons with T2D did not have impaired small muscle mass exercise tolerance (fCFimpulse) or muscle blood flow (rate of adjustment, or amount during submaximal/maximal steady state). CONCLUSIONS: These findings challenge the assertions that mental stress and fat consumption are universally detrimental, and that T2D, on top of the typical constellation of co-morbidities and medications, has an impact on exercising muscle blood flow and exercise tolerance.
Download or read book Endothelium and Cardiovascular Diseases written by Protasio L. Da Luz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-02-03 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endothelium and Cardiovascular Diseases: Vascular Biology and Clinical Syndromes provides an in-depth examination of the role of endothelium and endothelial dysfunction in normal vascular function, and in a broad spectrum of clinical syndromes, from atherosclerosis, to cognitive disturbances and eclampsia. The endothelium is a major participant in the pathophysiology of diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes and hypertension, and these entities are responsible for the largest part of cardiovascular mortality and morbidly. Over the last decade major new discoveries and concepts involving the endothelium have come to light. This important reference collects this data in an easy to reference resource. Written by known experts, and covering all aspects of endothelial function in health and disease, this reference represents an assembly of recent knowledge that is essential to both basic investigators and clinicians. Provides a complete overview of endothelial function in health and diseases, along with an assessment of new information Includes coverage of groundbreaking areas, including the artificial LDL particle, the development of a new anti-erectile dysfunction agent, a vaccine for atherosclerosis, coronary calcification associated with red wine, and the interplay of endoplasmic reticulum/oxidative stress Explores the genetic features of endothelium and the interaction between basic knowledge and clinical syndromes
Download or read book The Effects of Moderate and High Intensity Exercise on Vascular Endothelial Function in Normal Weight and Obese Adults written by Rachel Hallmark and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Download or read book Effects of a Fat sugar Supplemented Diet with and Without Exercise Training on Endothelial Function Blood Pressure and Markers of Cardiovascular Risk written by Laurie Black and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Western Pattern diet has been characterized by having greater than 50 percent consumption coming from fat and sugar. This macronutrient allocation has been shown to have deleterious effects on endothelial function and metabolic markers of cardiovascular disease. Exercise has been shown to improve vascular reactivity and metabolic markers related to cardiovascular health. The objective of the study was to determine if exercise training can prevent the anticipated deleterious effects of a fat-sugar supplemented diet on endothelial function and blood markers of cardiovascular risk in young men. Twenty-one, healthy college-aged males were randomly assigned to either the doughnut + exercise or doughnut only groups. Both groups were fed 2 doughnuts per day, 6 days per week, for three weeks, while maintain their current diet. The exercise group completed 4 exercise training sessions per week consisting of 2 high intensity interval training bouts (up to 95% VO2peak) on a cycle ergometer and two moderate intensity, steady-state bouts (at 75% VO2peak) on a treadmill. Changes in body weight and composition, markers of endothelial function, oxidative stress, serum lipids, and blood glucose were measured in each group. As expected, cardiovascular fitness increased significantly in the doughnut-supplemented + exercise group as compared to the doughnut-supplemented (p=0.005). Significant increases in body weight (p=0.036), fat mass (p=0.013), and body fat percentage (p=0.014) were seen in the doughnut only group as compared to the doughnut + exercise group. The doughnut + exercise group showed significant improvements in fasting serum triglycerides (p=0.036), plasma insulin (p=0.039) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA; p=0.05) as compared to the doughnut only group. The doughnut + exercise group saw a significant improvement in nitric oxide availability whereas the doughnut only group experienced a significant decline (p=0.014). There were no significant changes in other markers. Despite the addition of a fat/sugar supplement of ~11,600 kcal over three weeks, 4 exercise sessions per week were sufficient to prevent a gain in body weight and fat mass, and also improve some measures of cardiometabolic risk. These results suggest that exercise may be necessary to prevent some adverse health outcomes associated with transient periods of excessive energy consumption.
Download or read book Fat Detection written by Jean-Pierre Montmayeur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se
Download or read book Angiogenesis in Adipose Tissue written by Yihai Cao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-05 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angiogenesis has recently played a critical role in regulation of adipose tissue expansion and regression. Like most other tissues in the body, adipose expansion and regression is accompanied by alteration of blood vessel density and structures. The vascular alteration plays an active role in regulation of adipose tissue size and functions. Targeting blood vessels in the adipose tissue have demonstrated to be a novel approach for possibly treatment of cancer, obesity and other metabolic diseases. This book provides the most updated information on this type research and discusses future opportunities for therapy..
Download or read book The Ketogenic Diet written by John Mark Freeman and published by Demos Medical Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This completely revised and updated third edition includes: new data from clinical studies and laboratory research that has expanded our knowledge about many aspects of the ketogenic diet; a clearer understanding of the best approaches to helping children and their families cope with the limitations and restrictions of the diet based on experience with hundreds of new patients; feedback and dialog from many sources, including neurologists, dietitians, and parents; new and improved menus, including some developed by professional chefs whose children were on the diet; and revised instructions for calculating and managing the diet on a day-to-day basis that reflect the needs of modern dietitians."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Resistance Exercise and Vascular Function written by Grayson Frederick Lipford and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endothelial dysfunction, or the inability of an artery to dilate sufficiently when subjected to excessive shear stress, serves both as a predictor of future cardiovascular events as well as an early indication of atherosclerosis. Several chronic disease states, including obesity, have been shown to alter endothelial function, which may be mediated through circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines. Still, the mechanisms by which obesity-related low-grade inflammation alters endothelial function are not fully elucidated. Acute and chronic endurance exercise training has previously been shown to be effective in improving endothelial function; however, chronic resistance exercise training is not universally regarded as beneficial to vascular functioning. Far fewer studies have examined the effect of acute resistance exercise on vascular function and adipokine release. To further understand the effects of resistance exercise training on vascular function, a meta-analysis was completed to examine the effects of resistance training on brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD), a common measure of endothelial function. The results of the meta-analysis indicate that resistance training has a small positive effect on FMD. Additionally, the effects of an acute bout of lower body resistance exercise on forearm blood flow (FBF) and two inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in obese (>30% body fat) and non-obese ([less or equal to] 30% body fat) subjects. It was hypothesized that the resistance exercise bout would increase FBF, that those changes would be greater in obese versus non-obese subjects, and that the changes in circulating cytokines (adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-[alpha]) would be related to changes in FBF. The results indicate that FBF measures in obese and non-obese subjects react in a divergent pattern immediately following resistance exercise but return to baseline within 24 hours. These changes were not related to changes in adiponectin or TNF-[alpha] although changes in adiponectin were related to changes in TNF-[alpha]. In conclusion, resistance exercise training programs may have a small positive effect on vascular function which may reduce overall cardiovascular disease risk. Additionally, obese and non-obese subjects display differing patterns of vascular responses to an acute bout of resistance exercise, supporting the view that obesity, and its associated low-grade inflammatory response, may negatively alter vascular homeostasis.
Download or read book Endothelial Dysfunction written by Helena Lenasi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium enables communication between blood and tissues and is actively involved in cardiovascular homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction has been recognized as an early step in the development of cardiovascular diseases: respectively, endothelium represents a potential therapeutic niche with multiple targets. The purpose of the book is to point out some recent findings of endothelial physiology and pathophysiology emphasizing various aspects of endothelial dysfunction connected to the body's internal and external environment. While basic features of the endothelium are presented in an introductory chapter, the authors of the following 17 chapters have provided extensive insight into some selected topics of endothelial (dys)function. The book would hopefully be useful for anyone interested in recapitulating endothelial (patho)physiology and expanding knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in endothelial dysfunction, relevant also for further clinical investigations.
Download or read book Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease written by Elaine B. Feldman and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1976 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of a Diet and Exercise Intervention on Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Men written by Dean K. Won and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypercholesterolemia and Obesity written by Poay Sian Lee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis addresses endothelial pathologies in early cardiovascular disease. It examines risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia and obesity and explores adjunct treatment strategies and novel biomarkers. As well a comprehensive assessment of novel methodologies to assess endothelial function in man and patients with cardiovascular disease was undertaken. Patients with hypercholesterolemia are regularly treated with statins which effectively, and with minimal side effects, lower low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by 18-55% (Ballantyne, 2007). However, despite the efficacy of statin therapy, the majority of patients with hypercholesterolemia remain at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease than healthy individuals (GISSI-HF Investigators 2008). Omega-3 fatty acids, members of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) family, have been demonstrated to be effective in reducing triglyceride levels and blood pressure (Lungershausen et al., 1994). Omega-6 fatty acids, on the other hand, have opposing actions (Dubnov & Berry 2004). Little, however, is known about the influence of the ratio of omega-6:omega-3 PUFAs. In Chapter 2, a dietary intervention examining the effects of altering omega-6:omega-3 PUFAs ratio on vascular health in patients on statins was conducted. We were primarily interested as to whether the introduction of a diet rich in PUFAs could improve vascular health in patients already on standard clinical care. A secondary interest was to study whether a low or high omega-6:omega-3 PUFAs ratio diet was more efficacious. We found that the diet interventions improved endothelial function and blood pressure but neither high nor low omega-6:omega-3 PUFAs ratio was better than the other. Obesity is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide, contributing to the likelihood of cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with decreased levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), marked by combinations of CD133, CD34, CD117 and KDR markers in flow cytometry (Muller-Ehmsen et al., 2008) and increased intima-media thickness (IMT) (Lorenz et al., 2010). Weight reduction has been associated with reduction in cardiovascular risk factors (Karason et al., 1999; Muller-Ehmsen et al., 2008). In Muller-Ehmsen's study, the participants only underwent dietary intervention plus physical activity for six months and no study was performed to examine the function of EPCs in these subjects. In contrast, there was evidence of increased EPCs (colony forming units - a measure of EPC function) and increased IMT in the severely obese cohort in our study, which weight reduction had no impact on. Endothelial dysfunction, defined as decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), is an early manifestation in atherosclerosis (Kuvin et al., 2003). The evaluation of endothelial function in vivo is therefore commonly used to identify individuals at high risk for atherosclerosis, as well as for risk stratification of patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) (Tousoulis et al., 2005). Several invasive and non-invasive techniques have been developed to evaluate endothelial function. Non-invasive techniques are clearly more advantageous in the clinical setting. Methodologies using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) assessed by Doppler and strain-gauge plethysmography are commonly used in human experimental research studies while the FDA approved EndoPAT-2000, a novel technique is arguably yet to be validated. In Chapter 5, we compared the assessment of endothelial function using this methodology against the other two better established methods in both healthy individuals and patients at high cardiovascular risk. We found evidence of endothelial dysfunction in the high cardiovascular risk group using all three techniques. However, while the correlation between both the established techniques were significant, neither correlated with assessment using the EndoPAT-2000. It is concluded that assessment of function using the EndoPAT-2000 requires further validation in this and other populations.
Download or read book The Effect of High fat Meals and Exercise on Endothelial Function and Triacylglycerol Concentrations in Adolescent Boys written by Matthew J. Sedgwick and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Vascular Structure and Function in Obese Children written by Aaron Scott Kelly and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
