Download or read book The Effects of Eccentric Contraction Induced Muscle Damage on Stretch shortening Cycle Function and Lower Limb Stiffness written by Gaffney (Simon David.) and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stiffness Regulation During Stretch shortening Cycle Exercise written by Tomoki Horita and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yhteenveto.
Download or read book The Stretch shortening Cycle of Active Muscle and Muscle tendon Complex What Why and How It Increases Muscle Performance written by Wolfgang Seiberl and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-07-09 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ECCENTRIC CONTRACTION INDUCED written by Wai Ella Yeung and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Eccentric Contraction-induced Injury in Mammalian Skeletal Muscle" by Wai, Ella, Yeung, 楊慧, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled "Eccentric contraction-induced injury in mammalian skeletal muscle " submitted by Ella Wai YEUNG for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong in February, 2003 Eccentric contractions, in which muscles are lengthened during contraction, may injure skeletal muscle but the mechanism(s) for this remain uncertain. The hypothesis tested is that alterations in intracellular concentrations + + of ions such as Na or H may underlie some of the functional impairment. The initial phase of eccentric contraction-induced injury was investigated: the influence of eccentric contraction on developed force, intracellular pH, Na homeostasis and T-tubule morphology was examined; the roles of these changes in the development of muscle damage are discussed. Single fibres from the flexor brevis muscle of mice or small bundles of fibres from the soleus or extensor digitorum longus muscle of rats were dissected. Muscles underwent either 10 isometric tetani (controls) or 10 eccentric tetani, during which a 30 or 40 % stretch of the optimal length (L ) was applied. Eccentrically-contracted muscles showed 3 characteristic features of stretch- induced damage: (i) reduced maximal force, (ii) greater reduction of force at low stimulation frequencies, (iii) shift in L to a longer muscle length. Ten isometric o tetani or stretches of resting fibres reproduced none of these features. Intracellular pH ( pH ) was determined in rat soleus muscle with the fluorescent indicator BCECF. The resting pH was more acidic after eccentric contractions (6.80 0.06) than after isometric contractions (6.97 0.04). The rate of pH recovery following an acid load was reduced from 0.022 + 0.003 units i -1 -1 min following isometric contractions to 0.013 + 0.002 units min following eccentric contractions. The results suggested that the ability of the muscle to regulate pH was impaired after eccentric contractions, which may partially explain the reduction in force. T-tubule morphology and function were studied in single mouse muscle fibres with confocal microscopy. Following eccentric contractions, vacuoles connected to the T-tubules appeared, and the diffusion of an extracellular marker (sulforhodamine B) from the T-tubules was slowed to a half time 6.3 2.4 min, compared to 18 1 s in isometric controls. [Na ] measurements were performed with the fluorescent indicator SBFI or sodium green. Isometric tetani had no detectable effect on [Na ] (7.2 0.5 mM), whereas eccentric contraction increased [Na ] to 16.3 1.6 mM. Confocal i images showed a uniform increase in [Na ] after eccentric tetani with no localized elevations of [Na ]. Gadolinium, a blocker of stretch-sensitive channels prevented the rise of [Na ] and reduced the force deficit after eccentric damage. The slow extrusion of intracellular protons following eccentric contractions may be explained by the rise in [Na ] which would be expected to + + reduce the inward Na gradient and hence slow proton efflux. The Na may enter by very small and widely distributed membrane tears, or alternatively through stretch-sensitive channels which remain open for many minutes after eccentric contractions. The vacuoles may result from osmotic stresses involved in pumping out the excess Na . Th
Download or read book Stretch shortening Cycle in Skeletal Muscle Function written by Carmelo Bosco and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neuromuscular Fatigue written by A. J. Sargeant and published by Royal Netherlands Academy of. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paperback. Neuromuscular fatigue is a phenomenon of great importance in everyday life as well as being of theoretical and clinical significance. Eleven years ago there was a seminal symposium on muscle fatigue held in London. The published proceedings (Ciba Foundation Symposium 82 - Human muscle fatigue: physiological mechanisms, Pitman, London, 1981) served as an important 'state-of-the-art' reference. In the intervening period there have been many developments with respect to our understanding of fatigue of the motor output, including processes located in the skeletal muscle fibres themselves as well as problems related to various aspects of (moto) neural muscle control. However, there are still uncertainties and important questions which remain unanswered. It was felt that the time was ripe to attempt a renewed synthesis by bringing together international experts from a range of complementary research areas. In this way it was hoped that attention co
Download or read book The Effect of Eccentric Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction on Muscle Damage Neuromuscular Activation and Microvascular Oxygenation written by Jakob Del Lauver and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the fact that numerous previous investigations have demonstrated the robust effects of BFR resistance training in producing muscle hypertrophy and improved strength, the underlying mechanisms responsible for such effects remain poorly understood. Limited work has been done examining the effects of contraction type on the acute responses to BFR resistance training. In addition, while BFR has been demonstrated to induce similar improvement in muscle mass and strength, it is unknown what effect it will have on the muscles response when subsequent high-intensity exercise is performed. Purpose: The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the effect that eccentric muscle actions with BFR have on microvascular oxygenation and neuromuscular activation, as well as to examine the effects that eccentric actions with BFR has on attenuating muscle damage during a subsequent bout of maximal exercise. Methods: Participants where healthy, recreationally active and/or sedentary college aged males. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups, 30% of maximal torque (LOW), 30% of maximal torque with BFR (LBFR), or control (CON). Participants in both LOW and LBFR groups performed a precondition bout of low-intensity eccentric exercise consisting of four sets (1x30, 3x15) of eccentric exercise of the knee extensors (quadriceps). The LBFR performed the exercise bout with the addition of BFR, with an external occlusion pressure corresponded to 130% of the resting systolic blood pressure. Surface electromyography (sEMG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to record the neuromuscular activation and microvascular oxygenation of the knee extensors during the low-intensity precondition exercise (LOW, LBFR). Ninety-six hours after the precondition exercise, all participants performed a bout of maximal eccentric exercise consisting of six sets of ten repetitions, this was done in an attempt to induce muscle damage. Following the maximal eccentric exercise bout, all participants reported back 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours later to assess muscle damage and function. Muscle damage and function was assessed via changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque, maximal voluntary concentric torque, range of motion (ROM), muscle soreness, and mid-thigh circumference. Results: There was a significant difference in neuromuscular activation of the vastus medialis (VM-RMS-root mean squared) between LOW and LBFR (p = 0.05). During set-2 LBFR resulted in greater activation of the VM-RMS (LOW 47.7 ± 11.5% MVIC, LBFR 67.0 ± 20.0% MVIC) compared to LOW, as well as during set-3 (LOW 51.4 ± 8.6% MVIC, LBFR 69.53 ± 20.5% MVIC). There was a significant difference in deoxyhemoglobin signal (deoxy-[Hb+Mb]) between LBFR and LOW during set-2 (LBFR 13.1 ± 5.2 μM, LOW 6.7 ± 7.9 μM), set-3 (LBFR 14.6 ± 6 μM, LOW 6.9 ± 7.4 μM), and set-4 (LBFR 13.8 ± 5.9 μM, LOW 7.8 ± 8.5 μM). Total hemoglobin concentration [THC] was significantly higher during LBFR compared to LOW (p = 0.03). Immediately post maximal eccentric exercise all groups showed a significant decrease in MVIC torque (LOW 74.2 ± 14.1%, LBFR 75 ± 5.1%, CON 53 ± 18.6%), with LOW and LBFR resulted in a smaller decrease compared to CON. At 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours post maximal eccentric exercise both LOW and LBFR did not demonstrate a significant force deficit from baseline. Conclusion: The results of the current investigations suggest that the LBFR condition resulted in increased metabolic stress, as shown by the greater deoxy-[Hb+Mb] response and increased blood volume (increased [THC]), as well as greater neuromuscular activation compared to LOW. In spite of the considerable differences observed in the preconditioning exercise stimulus, there was no difference observed in the protective effect inferred by LOW and LBFR preconditioning. However, both LOW and LBFR resulted in a significant protective effect. Further studies are necessary to determine the mechanisms responsible for the protective effect conferred by both low-intensity and low-intensity with BFR eccentric actions against maximal eccentric actions induced muscle damage.
Download or read book Growth Maturation and Physical Activity written by Robert M. Malina and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2004 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated edition features three new chapters and current research findings. Topics include prenatal growth and functional development, motor development, thermoregulation, obesity in childhood and adolescence and more.
Download or read book Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-05-24 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year workers' low-back, hand, and arm problems lead to time away from jobs and reduce the nation's economic productivity. The connection of these problems to workplace activities-from carrying boxes to lifting patients to pounding computer keyboards-is the subject of major disagreements among workers, employers, advocacy groups, and researchers. Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace examines the scientific basis for connecting musculoskeletal disorders with the workplace, considering people, job tasks, and work environments. A multidisciplinary panel draws conclusions about the likelihood of causal links and the effectiveness of various intervention strategies. The panel also offers recommendations for what actions can be considered on the basis of current information and for closing information gaps. This book presents the latest information on the prevalence, incidence, and costs of musculoskeletal disorders and identifies factors that influence injury reporting. It reviews the broad scope of evidence: epidemiological studies of physical and psychosocial variables, basic biology, biomechanics, and physical and behavioral responses to stress. Given the magnitude of the problem-approximately 1 million people miss some work each year-and the current trends in workplace practices, this volume will be a must for advocates for workplace health, policy makers, employers, employees, medical professionals, engineers, lawyers, and labor officials.
Download or read book The Effect of Stretch shortening Cycle induced Muscle Fatigue on Premotor Reaction Time written by Daisuke Shibata and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Resolution of Inflammation written by Adriano Rossi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-17 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with an up-to-date and comprehensive view on the resolution of inflammation and on new developments in this area, including pro-resolution mediators, apoptosis, macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells, possible novel drug developments.
Download or read book Biomechanics and Motor Control written by Mark L. Latash and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomechanics and Motor Control: Defining Central Concepts provides a thorough update to the rapidly evolving fields of biomechanics of human motion and motor control with research published in biology, psychology, physics, medicine, physical therapy, robotics, and engineering consistently breaking new ground. This book clarifies the meaning of the most frequently used terms, and consists of four parts, with part one covering biomechanical concepts, including joint torques, stiffness and stiffness-like measures, viscosity, damping and impedance, and mechanical work and energy. Other sections deal with neurophysiological concepts used in motor control, such as muscle tone, reflex, pre-programmed reactions, efferent copy, and central pattern generator, and central motor control concepts, including redundancy and abundance, synergy, equilibrium-point hypothesis, and motor program, and posture and prehension from the field of motor behavior. The book is organized to cover smaller concepts within the context of larger concepts. For example, internal models are covered in the chapter on motor programs. Major concepts are not only defined, but given context as to how research came to use the term in this manner. Presents a unified approach to an interdisciplinary, fragmented area Defines key terms for understanding Identifies key theories, concepts, and applications across theoretical perspectives Provides historical context for definitions and theory evolution
Download or read book Joint Structure and Function written by Pamela K Levangie and published by F.A. Davis. This book was released on 2011-03-09 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This popular text offers the clear, logical discussions of the basic theory of joint structure and muscle action and provides the foundation you need to understand both normal and pathologic function.
Download or read book Stretch Intensity and the Inflammatory Response A Paradigm Shift written by Nikos C. Apostolopoulos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-27 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this manuscript, practitioners and students who are concerned with sports and rehabilitation medicine, kinesiology, as well as coaches and athletes, are introduced to numerous concepts, including mechanotransduction, inflammation, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, calpains, the extracellular matrix, neutrophils and macrophages, and their relevance to stretching, particularly stretching intensity. Although the quantitative parameters of training, duration, and frequency are important, it is the qualitative criterion of intensity (“how much”) that the author suggests is ultimately of greater concern. Intensity, the rate and magnitude of force, may be responsible for the proper recovery, regeneration, and adaptation of the musculoskeletal tissues from training, competition, or rehabilitation from injuries. Research suggests that too much force results in the stimulation of an inflammatory response, one associated with a biochemical feedback emerging from a mechanical stimulus. The intent of this manuscript is twofold: to initiate the discussion of the importance of stretching intensity with regard to proper recovery, regeneration, and adaptation, and to suggest that researchers need to explore its potential role in addressing numerous inflammatory (RA) and non-inflammatory (OA, recurrent tendinitis etc.) musculoskeletal conditions as well.
Download or read book Biomechanics in Sport Performance Enhancement and Injury Prevention written by Vladimir Zatsiorsky and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomechanics in Sport is a unique reference text prepared by the leading world experts in sport biomechanics. Over thirty chapters cover a broad spectrum of topics, ranging from muscle mechanics to injury prevention, and from aerial movement to wheelchair sport. The biomechanics of sports including running, skating, skiing, swimming, jumping in athletics, figure skating, ski jumping, diving, javelin and hammer throwing, shot putting, and striking movements are all explained.
Download or read book Science Theory and Clinical Application in Orthopaedic Manual Physical Therapy Applied Science and Theory written by Ola Grimsby and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2008-09-16 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This long awaited textbook from The Ola Grimsby Institute provides decades of clinical experience and reasoning, with both historical and current evidence, with rationale for both passive and active treatments in orthopaedic manual therapy. Practical guidelines for joint mobilization and exercise rehabilitation are presented with this logical and exciting work. Incorporating experience and science, this book provides new approaches and treatment principles to make what you already do more effective. Extensive Content: Over 535 pages and 275 illustrations, photographs and tables Ola Grimsby and his co-authors have compiled a significant resource for the practicing physical therapist, manual therapist or osteopath.
Download or read book Index to Theses with Abstracts Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland and the Council for National Academic Awards written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
