Download or read book The effects of agricultural modernization on rural Mexican villages with a special reference to the economic position of rural women written by Barbara Segal and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rural Women And State Policy written by Carmen Diana Deere and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-09-05 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1987. An evaluation of the decade, in conjunction with the 45th International Congress of Americanists, hosted by the University. of Los Andes in Bogotaì, Colombia, in July, 1985. This book grew out of a collaborative effort by North American, European, and Latin American researchers to synthesize what we have learned about the position of rural women in Latin America over the past decade.
Download or read book Women of the Mexican Countryside 1850 1990 written by Heather Fowler-Salamini and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2022-03-08 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Too often in the history of Mexico, women have been portrayed as marginal figures rather than legitimate participants in social processes. As the twentieth century draws to a close, Mexican women of the countryside can be seen as true historical actors: mothers and heads of households, factory and field workers, community activists, artisans, and merchants. In this new book, thirteen contributions by historians, anthropologists, and sociologists—from Mexico as well as the United States—elucidate the roles of women and changing gender relations in Mexico as rural families negotiated the transition from an agrarian to an industrial society. Drawing on Mexican community studies, gender studies, and rural studies, these essays overturn the stereotypes of Mexican peasant women by exploring the complexity of their lives and roles and examining how these have changed over time. The book emphasizes the active roles of women in the periods of civil war, 1854-76, and the commercialization of agriculture, 1880-1910. It highlights their vigorous responses to the violence of revolution, their increased mobility, and their interaction with state reforms in the period from 1910 to 1940. The final essays focus on changing gender relations in the countryside under the impact of rapid urbanization and industrialization since 1940. Because histories of Latin American women have heretofore neglected rural areas, this volume will serve as a touchstone for all who would better understand women's lives in a region of increasing international economic importance. Women of the Mexican Countryside demonstrates that, contrary to the peasant stereotype, these women have accepted complex roles to meet constantly changing situations. CONTENTS I—Women and Agriculture in Nineteenth-Century Mexico 1. Exploring the Origins of Democratic Patriarchy in Mexico: Gender and Popular Resistance in the Puebla Highlands, 1850-1876, Florencia Mallon 2. "Cheaper Than Machines": Women and Agriculture in Porfirian Oaxaca (1880-1911), Francie R. Chassen-López 3. Gender, Work, and Coffee in C¢rdoba, Veracruz, 1850-1910, Heather Fowler-Salamini 4. Gender, Bridewealth, and Marriage: Social Reproduction of Peons on Henequen Haciendas in Yucatán (1870-1901), Piedad Peniche Rivero II—Rural Women and Revolution in Mexico 5. The Soldadera in the Mexican Revolution: War and Men's Illusions, Elizabeth Salas 6. Rural Women's Literacy and Education During the Mexican Revolution: Subverting a Patriarchal Event?, Mary Kay Vaughan 7. Doña Zeferina Barreto: Biographical Sketch of an Indian Woman from the State of Morelos, Judith Friedlander 8. Seasons, Seeds, and Souls: Mexican Women Gardening in the American Mesilla (1900-1940), Raquel Rubio Goldsmith III—Rural Women, Urbanization, and Gender Relations 9. Three Microhistories of Women's Work in Rural Mexico, Patricia Arias 10. Intergenerational and Gender Relations in the Transition from a Peasant Economy to a Diversified Economy, Soledad González Montes 11. From Metate to Despate: Rural Women's Salaried Labor and the Redefinition of Gendered Spaces and Roles, Gail Mummert 12. Changes in Rural Society and Domestic Labor in Atlixco, Puebla (1940-1990), Maria da Glória Marroni de Velázquez 13. Antagonisms of Gender and Class in Morelos, Mexico, JoAnn Martin
Download or read book Women in Agriculture written by Marie Maman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1996. In what ways have women contributed to agriculture? To what extent have scholars addressed these contributions in the professional literature? What has been the impact of gender in agricultural policy and economic development? What is the status of gender equity in the division of farm labor and in agricultural education? Such questions are raised by students and researchers worldwide who seek documentation which focuses on these vital topics. The purpose of this bibliography is, therefore, to synthesize this unique widely dispersed information in one volume, to assist researchers, faculty, and students in expediting the research process.
Download or read book Adjustment and Poverty in Mexican Agriculture written by Ramon Lopez and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: August 1995 - By and large, it appears that the goals of agricultural reform are being met in Mexico. But measures such as decoupling income supports and price supports or reorienting research and extension could help farmers who cannot afford access to machinery and purchased inputs and services. López, Nash, and Stanton report the results of a study of Mexican farm households using 1991 survey data and a smaller resurvey of some of the same households in 1993. One study goal was to empirically examine the relationship between assets and the output supply function. Using a production model focusing on capital as a productive input, they found that both the supply level and the responsiveness (elasticities) to changing input and output prices tend to depend on the farmer's net assets and on how productive assets are used. Regression analysis using data from the surveys shows that farmers who use productive assets such as machinery tend to be positively responsive to price changes, while those with no access to such assets are not. Another study goal was to monitor the condition of Mexican farmers in a rapidly changing policy environment. The 1991 survey data suggest that farmers with more limited use of capital inputs (the low-CI group) were more likely to grow principally corn and to grow fewer crops, on average, than the others. They also had more problems getting credit and were less likely to use purchased inputs, such as seeds, fertilizer, and pesticides, or to use a tractor to prepare the soil. They tended to be less well-educated, and their land tended to be of lower quality. Results from the panel data showed conditions generally improving for the average farmer in the sample area between 1991 and 1993, during a period when agricultural reforms were implemented. Cropping patterns were more diversified, the average size of landholdings increased, the average farmer received more credit (in real terms), more farm households earned income from off-farm work, and more farmers used purchased inputs. Asset ownership and educational attainment also improved modestly. The very small low-CI group in this sample fared as well as, or better than, the other groups. True, their level of educational achievement fell, and fewer of them had off-farm income than in 1991. But their use of credit, irrigation, machinery, and purchased inputs increased more than for other groups. The limited data are not proof of a causal link, but the fact that the goals are being met should at least ensure that adverse conditions are not undermining reform. Farmers that lacked access to productive assets did not respond as well to incentives or take advantage of the opportunities presented by reform and may need assistance, particularly to get access to credit markets. There may be a good argument for decoupling income supports from price supports for farmers, since income payments that are independent of the vagaries of production could provide a more stable signal of creditworthiness than price supports do. Possibly reorienting research and extension services more to the needs of low-CI producers could also improve the efficiency with which the sector adjusts to new incentives. Hypotheses and tentative conclusions from this study will be explored further when more data are collected in 1995. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department--is part of a larger effort in the department to investigate the effects of international trade policy on individual producers. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Rural Poverty and Agriculture in Mexico: An Analysis of Farm Decisions and Supply Responsiveness (RPO 678-23).
Download or read book Agricultural Development and Rural Employment written by August Schumacher and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Working paper on the rural employment effects of dual agricultural development in Mexico - examines post-war rural development, underemployment in rural areas, government agency programmes for poverty- stricken villages, rural public works and the elimination of malnutrition, public investment in the agricultural sector, food production, etc., and evaluates impact on employment creation for permanent and temporary employment. References.
Download or read book The Struggle of Rural Mexico written by Gustavo Esteva and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rural Development Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Recent Strategies of Agricultural Change on the Position of Women written by Fiona Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Activities Employment and Wages in Rural and Semi urban Mexico written by Dorte Verner and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author addresses the labor markets in rural and semi-urban Mexico. The empirical analyses show that non-farm income shares increase with overall consumption levels and, also, with time. Rural-dwellers in lower quintiles of the consumption distribution tend to earn a larger share of their nonagricultural incomes from wage labor activities. For the poorest, low-productivity wage labor activities are important. The quantile wage regression analysis for rural Mexico shows a rather heterogeneous impact pattern of individual characteristics across the wage distribution on monthly wages. The author's findings reveal that education is key to earning higher wages, and that workers in more dispersed rural areas earn less than their peers in semi-urban rural areas (localities with less than 15,000 inhabitants). The rural non-farm sector is heterogeneous and includes a great variety of activities and productivity levels across non-farm jobs. Moreover it can reduce poverty in a couple of distinct but qualitatively important ways in rural Mexico. The analysis of non-farm employment in rural Mexico suggests that the two key determinants of access to employment and productivity in non-farm activities are education and location.
Download or read book Causes and Consequences of the Agricultural Transition written by Diane Elise Charlton and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many decades Mexico has provided an elastic supply of farm labor to the United States, but the findings in this dissertation indicate that rural Mexico is currently transitioning away from agricultural work. Worldwide as economies develop, the share of the population working in the agricultural sector declines. The U.S. workforce transitioned out of hired farm work in the mid-twentieth century, but immigration of farm workers from rural Mexico allowed labor-intensive agricultural production to continue to expand. Nevertheless, analysis of the factors pushing and pulling rural Mexicans out of agricultural work suggest that the farm labor supply from rural Mexico is becoming more inelastic as the opportunity cost of working in agriculture rises, putting upward pressure on farm wages. With no viable alternative source of farm labor, the U.S. and Mexican agricultural sectors will have to learn to produce more with fewer workers by investing in labor-saving technologies and farm management practices. This dissertation identifies the trend in the probability of working in agriculture and unpacks the trend into is primary components using household panel data nationally representative of rural Mexico with work histories for all household members from 1980 to 2010. The probability that an individual from rural Mexico worked in agriculture (whether in the United States or Mexico) declined by 0.97 percentage points per year between 1980 and 2010. Factors contributing to the declining farm labor supply include growing non-farm employment in Mexico, decreased family size, and rising education in rural Mexico. Rising farm wages in the U.S. and increased border patrol significantly increase the probability that individuals work in agriculture, but their impact has only somewhat attenuated the downward trend. Rising education has particularly important implications for the long-run supply of workers to agriculture in the United States and Mexico because education has the potential to change the character and preferences of the workforce over multiple generations. More rigorous analysis of the causal impact of education on the probability of working in agriculture indicates that expansion of lower secondary schools in rural Mexico has increased rural education and accelerated the transition of labor out of agricultural work. Findings from a differences-in-differences analysis show that individuals who had access to a local secondary school when school-age were 5.4 percentage points less likely to work in agriculture at age 20 than individuals from the same village who were older than school-age when the secondary school was constructed in their village, and the magnitude of the impact grows with age. These findings suggest that rural developing economies can and should prepare for a structural shift in the labor force as access to education rises. The workforce from rural Mexico is becoming more educated, their skill sets are changing, and their opportunity cost of time is rising. Workers from rural Mexico are transitioning away from agriculture though Mexico has been the primary source of farm labor to both the United States and Mexico for many years. Agricultural employers in both countries will have to learn to produce more with fewer workers by investing in labor-saving technologies that also complement the skills of a more educated workforce. Rural communities in the United States and Mexico are expected to benefit as the marginal productivity of workers and rural wages rise. Nevertheless, the agricultural industries in both countries must anticipate and prepare for a changing agricultural workforce.
Download or read book Politics and Development in Rural Mexico written by Manuel L. Carlos and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 1974 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Restructuring and Rural Subsistence in Mexico written by Cynthia Hewitt de Alcántara and published by University of California, San Diego, Center for U.S.-Mexicanstudies. This book was released on 1994 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modernizing Mexican Agriculture written by Cynthia Hewitt de Alcántara and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Farewell To The Peasantry written by Gerardo Otero and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-06 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Farewell to the Peasantry? questions class-reductionist assumptions in certain Marxist and populist approaches to political movements in twentieth-century rural Mexico, highlighting the interpretation of the process of political class formation.
Download or read book Markets Motherhood and Modernization written by Jeanne M. Simonelli and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A I D Research and Development Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
