Download or read book The Effect of Supplementation with Press Extracted Canola Meal on Feed Intake and Ruminal Parameters in Freisian Steers Fed Pasture Hay written by Stephen James Beckwith and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Camelina Meal Supplementation on Ruminal Forage Degradability Performance and Physiological Responses of Beef Cattle written by Bruno Ieda Cappellozza and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three experiments compared ruminal, physiological, and performance responses of beef steers consuming hay ad libitum and receiving grain-based supplements with (CAM) or without (CO) inclusion of camelina meal. In Exp. 1, 9 steers fitted with ruminal cannulas received CAM (2.04 kg of DM/d) or CO (2.20 kg of DM/d). Steers receiving CAM had reduced (P = 0.01) total DMI and tended to have reduced (P = 0.10) forage DMI compared to CO. No treatment effects were detected (P [greater than or equal to] 0.35) for ruminal hay degradability parameters. In Exp. 2, 14 steers receiving CAM (1.52 kg of DM/d) or CO (1.65 kg of DM/d) were assigned to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH; 0.1 [micro]g/kg of BW) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; 0.33 [micro]g/kg of BW) challenges. Steers receiving CAM had greater (P
Download or read book Effects of Protein Supplementation and Forage Quality on Intake and Digestion in Cattle written by Jamie Kunkel and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many pasture and rangeland scenarios, low-quality forages (6-8% CP) are the primary energy source for some portion of the year. At these times, energy is typically the first limiting nutrient to the ruminant. Low-quality forages are generally not limited in availability; however, the high cell wall content and reduced levels of CP prevent ruminants from being able to extract the harvested energy. Without provision of supplemental nutrients, the available energy may be inadequate to meet performance expectations. Protein supplementation during periods of inadequate forage quality has been observed to alleviate ruminal nitrogen deficiencies and increase forage utilization. Increased forage utilization translates into greater energy extraction allowing for increased animal performance. The first trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of utilizing non-protein nitrogen (a slow-release urea compared to urea) on intake and digestion of beef steers consuming low-quality bermudagrass hay. Steers were provided ad libitum access to a low-quality bermudagrass hay (7.3 % CP and were ruminally dosed once daily with either urea or slow-release urea (SRU) at levels to provide 0, 64, 128, or 192 mg of N/kg of initial BW per day. Additionally, steers were supplemented with glycerol at levels of 0 or 0.1% of initial BW per day. Total OMI and forage OMI (FOMI) increased quadratically (P
Download or read book Canola Meal as a Protein Supplement in Dairy Rations written by Jorge Ml Sanchez and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A four months continuous feeding trial was conducted to evaluate Canola meal as a single protein supplement in complete dairy rations. Thirty high producing Holstein cows in the second week of lactation were randomly alloted in groups of ten to one of three isonitrogenous (15% CP) and isocaloric (1.6 Mcal/kg of NE lactation) rations, containing either Canola meal (38% CP), Soybean meal (46% CP) or Cottonseed meal (41% CP). Productive and physiological parameters were analysed. Milk production, both actual and 4% FCM, did not differ (P>.05) among diets. However, Canola meal fed cows tended to produce more milk than animals in other treatments. No differences (P>.05) were found for milk protein, fat, total solids nor solids not fat percentages. Milk solids not fat yield was the only milk component produced in different (P=.024) amounts between diets and was mainly influenced by milk production. Canola meal glucosinolates, tannins and phytate did not impair feed intake, however animals in this group showed lower feed conversion. Rumen total volatile fatty acid content was higher (P=.031) for Canola meal and Soybean meal groups. No significant differences (P>.05) were found for rumen volatile fatty acid composition, acetic:propionic ratio, ammonia nitrogen or pH. Urea nitrogen, total protein and albumin plasma concentrations were not different (P>.05) among diets, suggesting that Canola, Soybean and Cottonseed meals were equal as protein supplements. White blood cells was the only hematological parameter (packed cell volume, red blood cells, white blood cells and hemoglobin were analysed) that significantly differed (P=.011) among diets. Soybean meal fed cows showed higher white blood cell count, which is believed to have a physiological origin. Triiodothyronine uptake values were significantly higher (P=.015) in Soybean meal fed cows. However, Triiodothyronine uptake as well as Tetraiodothyronine concentration and Free Thyroxine Index correspond to euthyroid values, indicating that Canola meal glucosinolates did not affect the thyroid metabolism of the experimental animals. Results indicate that Canola meal may be used as a single protein supplement in rations for high producing cows, to satisfactorily replace traditional sources of protein such as Soybean meal and Cottonseed meal.
Download or read book Effects of Protein and Energy Supplementation on Intake Digestibility Ruminal Fermentation and Digesta Kinetics in Beef Steers Fed Low quality Prairie Hay written by Arthur Stephen Freeman and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Daily Vs Alternate Day Supplementation of Soybean Meal Or Wheat Middlings to Steers Consuming Low Quality Hay written by Tyson R. Shirley and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of daily (D) vs alternate day (AD) supplementation of soybean meal (SBM) or wheat middlings (WM) on forage organic matter intake (OMI), ruminal digesta kinetics, total tract digestibility, and ADG of steers consuming low quality forage. In Exp. 1, five Angus x Hereford steers (403 ± 32 kg) fitted with rumen cannulas were utilized in a 5 x 5 Latin square design. Steers were individually fed low-quality (5.3% CP) fescue hay ad libitum and were randomly assigned to one of five treatments: no supplement (CON); WM fed daily (WMD); WM fed every other day (WMAD); SBM fed daily (SBMD); and SBM fed every other day (SBMAD). Supplements were formulated to meet 100% of degradable intake protein (DIP) and metabolizable protein (MP) requirements. Supplementation increased (P0.05) hay and total OMI (g·kg−1·BW−1) and total OM digestibility (%) compared to CON. Daily supplementation increased (P
Download or read book The Effect of Feeding a Barley canola Meal Pellet to Feedlot Steers on Performance Rumen Fermentation and Eating Behaviour written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-02-09 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions. The book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive "Help" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. The committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs.
Download or read book Supplementation of Purified Fiber to Tall Fescue Grass Hay Diets written by Howard Martin Blalock and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments were conducted to define the degradation kinetics of purified fiber products compared to conventional feedstuffs. In situ analysis was conducted on soybean hulls, dried distillers grains, dried corn gluten feed, rice mill, wheat middlings, solka floc, oat fiber (200 and 300 series), corn bran, red and white wheat bran using nylon bags. In situ results determined oat fiber (300) and solka floc were most similar to soybean hulls and secondly to corn gluten feed. An oat fiber: solka floc mixture was formulated for subsequent experiments. The in vitro experiment consisted of alfalfa hay, soybean hulls, corn gluten feed, oat fiber (300), solka floc, and 60% oat fiber: 40% solka floc. In vitro DM disappearance was greatest for soybean hulls followed by oat fiber, corn gluten feed, and the fiber mixture. In vitro gas production was greatest for soybean hulls, oat fiber, and the fiber mixture. Subsequently six cannulated steers and six wether lambs were arranged in replicated 3 x 3 Latin squares to determine effects of supplementing purified fiber to steers and lambs consuming tall fescue hay on nutrient disappearance, ruminal kinetics, and N balance. Free choice hay was supplemented with 40% solka floc: 60% oat fiber at 0, 0.25, or 0.50% of BW. Steer forage intake and total N intake were not affected by supplementation. Total intake of OM, NDF, and ADF increased with supplementation. Ruminal and total tract OM, NDF, and ADF disappearance increased with supplementation. Ruminal and total tract nitrogen disappearance were not affected by supplementation in steers. In lambs, organic matter, NDF, and ADF digested in the total tract was increased with supplementation. Total tract N digestion decreased, however, retention was not affected. In steers, ruminal acetate concentration tended to increase, butyrate increased, and propionate not affected by supplementation. Ruminal pH increased with supplementation. Ruminal NH3 -N concentrations decreased with supplementation, but a treatment x time interaction existed. These data indicate that in both steers and lambs supplementing tall fescue hay diets with digestible fiber increases ruminal and total tract fiber digestion without affecting forage intake or digestion of nitrogen while also increasing ruminally available energy. Key Words: Supplement, Digestion, Tall Fescue.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants written by Mike Freer and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2007 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This publication represents a revision of the report entitled 'Feeding standards for Australian livestock. Ruminants' that was issued in 1990 by CSIRO Publishing in conjunction with the Standing Committee on Agriculture"--Introduction.
Download or read book Handbook on Ingredients for Aquaculture Feeds written by J.W. Hertrampf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current growth in global aquaculture is paralleled by an equally significant increase in companies involved in aquafeed manufacture. Latest information has identified over 1,200 such companies, not including those organizations in production of a variety of other materials, i. e. , vitamins, minerals, and therapeutics, all used in varying degrees in proper feed formulation. Aquaculture industries raising particular economically valued species, i. e. , penaeid shrimps and salmonids, are making major demands on feed ingredients, while relatively new industries, such as til apia farming, portent a significant acceleration in demand for properly formulated aquafeeds by the end of the present decade and into the next century. As requirements for aquafeeds increases, shortages are anticipated in various ingredients, especially widely used proteinaceous resources such as fish meal. A variety of other proteinaceous commodities are being considered as partial or complete replacement for fish meal, especially use of plant protein sources such as soybean meal. In the past five years, vegetable protein meal production has increased 10% while fish meal production has dropped over 50%, since 1989, largely attributed to overfishing and serious decline in wild stock. Throughout fisheries processing industries, traditional concepts as "waste" have given way to more prudent approaches, emphasizing total by-product recovery. Feed costs are a major consideration in aquaculture where in some groups, i. e. , salmonids, high protein-containing feeds using quality fish meal, can account for as much as 40 to 60% of production costs.
Download or read book NorFor written by Harald Volden and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NorFor is a semi-mechanistic feed evaluation system for cattle, which is used by advisors in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. This book describes in detail the system and it covers five main sections. The first is concerned with information on feed characteristics, feed analysis and feed digestion methods. The second section describes the digestion and metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract and the supply and requirement of energy and metabolizable amino acids. The third section considers the prediction of feed intake and physical structure of the diet. The fourth section focuses on model evaluation and the final section provides information on the IT solutions and feed ration formulation by a non-linear economical optimization procedure. This book will be of significant interest to researchers, students and advisors of cattle nutrition and feed evaluation.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Livestock Production written by Pierre J. Gerber and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2013 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential of nutritional, manure and animal husbandry practices for mitigating methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) - i.e. non-carbon dioxide (CO2) - GHG emissions from livestock production. These practices were categorized into enteric CH4, manure management and animal husbandry mitigation practices. Emphasis was placed on enteric CH4 mitigation practices for ruminant animals (only in vivo studies were considered) and manure mitigation practices for both ruminant and monogastric species. Over 900 references were reviewed; simulation and life cycle assessment analyses were generally excluded
Download or read book The Voluntary Food Intake of Farm Animals written by J. M. Forbes and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Voluntary Food Intake of Farm Animals offers a wide discussion on food intake among farm animals. The book presents various studies, facts, details, and theories that are relevant to the subject. The first chapter begins by explaining the basic definition and significance of voluntary food intake. This topic is followed by discussions on meal patterns, the main features of eating, and the similarities between species. The next chapter explores theories about the food intake control, which are divided into two types: single-factor theories and multiple-factor theories. In Chapter 3, the discussion is on the food's pathway, including elaborations on the various receptors. Chapter 4 considers the central nervous system's involvement in the voluntary food intake and the energy balance regulation. The next couple of chapters highlight the possible reasons that affect food intake; among them are pregnancy, fattening, physical growths, and the environment. In the book's remaining chapters, the discussion revolves around grass intake and the prediction and manipulation of voluntary food intake. The book serves as a valuable reference for undergraduates and postgraduates of biology and its related fields.
Download or read book Sustainable Animal Agriculture written by Ermias Kebreab and published by CABI. This book was released on 2013-12-13 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to meet increasing global demand for meat and animal by-products increasingly intensive animal production is necessary. Creating a sustainable system in animal agriculture that works in different production environments is a major challenge for animal scientists. This book draws together themes on sustainability that have emerged as the most pressing in recent years. Addressing practical topics such as air quality, manure management, animal feeds, production efficiency, environmental sustainability, biotechnology issues, animal welfare concerns, societal impacts and an analysis of the data used to assess the economic sustainability of farms.
