Download or read book The Effect of Grain Size on the Mechanical Properties of Titanium and Its Alloys written by FRANK C. HOLDEN and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Grain Size on the Mechanical Properties of Titanium and Its Alloys written by Frank Charles Holden and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena written by F.J. Humphreys and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The annealing of deformed materials is of both technological importance and scientific interest. The phenomena have been most widely studied in metals, although they occur in all crystalline materials such as the natural deformation of rocks and the processing of technical ceramics. Research is mainly driven by the requirements of industry, and where appropriate, the book discusses the extent to which we are able to formulate quantitative, physically-based models which can be applied to metal-forming processes. The subjects treated in this book are all active research areas, and form a major part of at least four regular international conference series. However, there have only been two monographs published in recent times on the subject of recrystallization, the latest nearly 20 years ago. Since that time, considerable advances have been made, both in our understanding of the subject and in the techniques available to the researcher. The book covers recovery, recrystallization and grain growth in depth including specific chapters on ordered materials, two-phase alloys, annealing textures and annealing during and after hot working. Also contained are treatments of the deformed state and the structure and mobility of grain boundaries, technologically important examples and a chapter on computer simulation and modelling. The book provides a scientific treatment of the subject for researchers or students in Materials Science, Metallurgy and related disciplines, who require a more detailed coverage than is found in textbooks on physical metallurgy, and a more coherent treatment than will be found in the many conference proceedings and review articles.
Download or read book Titanium Alloys written by Jan Sieniawski and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book contains six chapters and covers topics dealing with biomedical applications of titanium alloys, surface treatment, relationships between microstructure and mechanical and technological properties, and the effect of radiation on the structure of the titanium alloys.
Download or read book Finite Element Modeling of Grain Size Effect on the Mechanical Properties and Deformability of Titanium Alloy in Equal Channel Angular Pressure written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Titanium and Titanium Alloys written by Christoph Leyens and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is an excellent reference for materials scientists and engineers needing to gain more knowledge about these engineering materials. Following introductory chapters on the fundamental materials properties of titanium, readers will find comprehensive descriptions of the development, processing and properties of modern titanium alloys. There then follows detailed discussion of the applications of titanium and its alloys in aerospace, medicine, energy and automotive technology.
Download or read book Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Titanium written by Vasisht Venkatesh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-26 with total page 4024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Titanium.
Download or read book Titanium and Titanium Alloys written by J. C. Williams and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 813 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975-10 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Grain Refinement of Titanium on Its Mechanical Performance and Cell Response written by Alexander Medvedev and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium and its alloys have long been in the focus of biomedical research as some of the most suitable materials for implant production. This fact is attributed to an excellent combination of mechanical, biological and physico-chemical properties, such as low density and high mechanical strength, resulting in the highest specific strength among most common implant materials, reduced elastic modulus (compared to stainless steel or CoCrMo alloys), excellent corrosion resistance, and enhanced biocompatibility.Recently, titanium alloy Ti6Al4V, the most common titanium implant material so far, was in the focus of several studies that claimed it has a potential to be toxic to humans due to the release of aluminium and vanadium ions in the surrounding tissues when placed within the host. This problem can be overcome by using titanium with lower alloying content, for example, commercially pure (CP) titanium, such as Grade 2 or Grade 4. Unfortunately, CP titanium shows significant decrease in mechanical properties compared to Ti6Al4V. There are ways, however, to enhance the strength of materials without altering their chemical composition. Particularly, severe plastic deformation (SPD) has been shown to dramatically enhance the strength of various materials while retaining good ductility.It is well known that the surface of medical implants plays a crucial role in the success and outcome of the surgery and determines the longevity of implants. Therefore, it is common to modify the surface of these devices in order to increase the surface area, alter its chemistry or wettability. There are numerous techniques available nowadays that allow modification of implant surface, however, only a handful of them were implemented in industry. One of such processes - SLA (Shot-blasted with Large grit and Acid etching) - is considered one of the most promising since it has been adopted by several different companies around the world. The main aim of the present work was to use SPD to increase the strength of CP titanium of two purity grades - Grade 2 and Grade 4 - in order to develop a material that, as a result of a combination of high strength and good biocompatibility, could be used to replace Ti6Al4V as a major titanium-based material on the market. Moreover, we performed all experiments on samples with two distinctly different types of surfaces - polished and SLA-treated - to highlight the effect of grain refinement on the outcome of subsequent surface modification. To the best of our knowledge, no work examining a combined effect of grain refinement and surface modification on mechanical and biological properties has been previously described in the literature. The results discussed in this thesis suggest that, as a result of a significant refinement of microstructure by SPD processing, mechanical properties of CP titanium can match (fatigue) or even exceed (tensile) those of Ti6Al4V. It was observed that SLA treatment results in the formation of a surface layer with refined structure which aided in enhancing fatigue properties of as-received titanium after surface modification. Although such layer was not found in case of SPD-processed samples, which led to a slight decrease of fatigue life compared to samples with polished surface, fatigue properties of SPD-processed titanium were still superior to those of Ti6Al4V. Fatigue testing in simulated body fluid, designed to test how titanium with refined structure reacts to aggressive environment, indicated no deterioration of fatigue life of titanium, regardless of microstructure.It has been demonstrated that surface properties of titanium were notably influenced by the grain size and the subsequent SLA treatment. Roughness of polished samples was shown to be a function of the grain size of material. At the same time, mechanical properties are believed to be responsible for differences in roughness of SLA-modified surface, as surface roughening primarily occurs by means of grit-blasting with its effect highly dependent on the strength/ductility of the surface. Wettability of titanium has been observed to be determined by the surface texture, being a product of variations in the processing route. This effect retained after severe surface roughening as well, although, overall, surface of SLA-treated titanium samples were found to be much more hydrophobic. Simultaneously, variations in wettability between samples of different conditions became less pronounced. Chemical analysis of CP Ti with varying microstructure and surface quality revealed no effect of microstructure on the chemical state of the polished surface. At the same time, it was noted that SLA treatment of ultrafine-grained titanium may favour the formation of a thicker, more chemically uniform oxide layer. Finally, an assessment of biological properties of CP Ti has been made. The results indicate a positive effect of ultrafine-grained structure and associated surface properties on the attachment, proliferation and differentiation of two types of tissue cells - human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (adMSC) on both types of surfaces. At the same time, bacterial adhesion was also significantly enhanced on the surface of SLA-treated titanium. This fact suggests that an utilisation of surface modification techniques in industrial processes of implant production should be most carefully controlled in order to reduce possibility of serious complication that may be caused by bacterial colonisation.Overall, experimental results presented in this thesis indicate that SPD, especially in combination with surface modification techniques, such as SLA treatment, has a great potential to improve both mechanical and biological properties of commercially pure titanium to make it a highly favourable and competitive candidate for the replacement of Ti6Al4V alloy. Our research suggests that there may be only one potential drawback of a combination of SPD and SLA, namely, enhanced adhesion of bacterial cells on the surface of such materials. However, this negative effect is not attributed to SPD processing, but rather to the increased surface roughness inherent to the SLA treatment. We suggest that this issue can be addressed by developing proper handling, storage and pre-implantation preparation protocols, a process that was not covered in current work but could be included as a part of the basis for the future work.
Download or read book Strain and Dislocation Gradients from Diffraction written by Rozaliya Barabash and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights emerging diffraction studies of strain and dislocation gradients with mesoscale resolution, which is currently a focus of research at laboratories around the world. While ensemble-average diffraction techniques are mature, grain and subgrain level measurements needed to understand real materials are just emerging. In order to understand the diffraction signature of different defects, it is necessary to understand the distortions created by the defects and the corresponding changes in the reciprocal space of the non-ideal crystals. Starting with a review of defect classifications based on their displacement fields, this book then provides connections between different dislocation arrangements, including geometrically necessary and statistically stored dislocations, and other common defects and the corresponding changes in the reciprocal space and diffraction patterns. Subsequent chapters provide an overview of microdiffraction techniques developed during the last decade to extract information about strain and dislocation gradients. X-ray microdiffraction is a particularly exciting application compared with alternative probes of local crystalline structure, orientation and defect density, because it is inherently non-destructive and penetrating.
Download or read book Aluminum written by John E. Hatch and published by ASM International. This book was released on 1984-01-01 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive information for the American aluminium industry Collective effort of 53 recognized experts on aluminium and aluminium alloys Joint venture by world renowned authorities-the Aluminium Association Inc. and American Society for Metals. The completely updated source of information on aluminium industry as a whole rather than its individual contributors. this book is an opportunity to gain from The knowledge of the experts working for prestigious companies such as Alcoa, Reynolds Metals Co., Alcan International Ltd., Kaiser Aluminium & Chemical Corp., Martin Marietta Laboratories and Anaconda Aluminium Co. It took four years of diligent work to complete this comprehensive successor to the classic volume, Aluminium, published by ASM in 1967. Contents: Properties of Pure Aluminum Constitution of Alloys Microstructure of Alloys Work Hardening Recovery, Recrystalization and Growth Metallurgy of Heat Treatment and General Principles of Precipitation Hardening Effects of Alloying Elements and Impurities on Properties Corrosion Behaviour Properties of Commercial Casting Alloys Properties of Commercial Wrought Alloys Aluminum Powder and Powder Metallurgy Products.
Download or read book Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloys written by Artur Shugurov and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium and its alloys are widely used engineering materials within the aerospace, automotive, energy and chemical industries. Their unique combination of high strength-to-weight ratio, strong resistance to creep, excellent corrosion resistance, and low heat conductivity makes them suitable for a wide range of applications. A large variety of microstructures, including lamellar, martensite, equiaxed globular and bimodal (duplex) microstructures can be obtained in titanium alloys depending on the thermomechanical processing routes. Despite a large amount of work in the field of investigation of microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of titanium alloys, detailed studies of the effect of their microstructure on the mechanical behavior are still necessary because of ever-increasing demands for structural materials to optimize their properties for different applications by varying processing parameters and resulting microstructures. This Special Issue is focused on various aspects of microstructure evolution in titanium alloy samples obtained using traditional and additive technologies and subjected to different processing techniques as well as on the relation between their microstructure and mechanical behavior. The presented original articles cover the areas of preparation and experimental characterization of titanium alloys as well as computer simulation of their mechanical behavior under different loading conditions.
Download or read book Investigations to Develop Metal Alloys with Ultrafine Grain Size Titanium with Improved Mechanical Properties written by R. L. Jones and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments are described which were intended to elucidate the extent to which commercial purity titanium wire and sheet could be strengthened by the combined effects of interstitial content, grain size refinement and post recrystallization cold reduction. Procedures were developed which resulted in recrystallized grain sizes of the order of 0.5 microns. Two features found to be essential were cold reduction of at least 90% before recrystallization and the use of a rapid heat transfer technique (in this case molten lead annealing) for the recrystallization heat treatment. Grain refinement to this extent was found to lead to increases in strength (of up to 60 Ksi) and reduction in area at failure, accompanied by decreases (of up to a factor of two) in uniform elongation. The use of PRR was found to result in an additional strength increase (20-40 Ksi) and an additional uniform elongation decrease (a further factor of 2) with little effect on the reduction in area at failure. A program goal of a yield strength of 150 Ksi combined with adequate ductility was exceeded in the wire experiments but was not attained in the sheet experiments where difficulties were encountered in the achievement of the necessary initial 90% cold reduction. (Author).
Download or read book Microstructure And Properties Of Materials Vol 2 written by James C M Li and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2000-10-09 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second volume of an advanced textbook on microstructure and properties of materials. (The first volume is on aluminum alloys, nickel-based superalloys, metal matrix composites, polymer matrix composites, ceramics matrix composites, inorganic glasses, superconducting materials and magnetic materials). It covers titanium alloys, titanium aluminides, iron aluminides, iron and steels, iron-based bulk amorphous alloys and nanocrystalline materials.There are many elementary materials science textbooks, but one can find very few advanced texts suitable for graduate school courses. The contributors to this volume are experts in the subject, and hence, together with the first volume, it is a good text for graduate microstructure courses. It is a rich source of design ideas and applications, and will provide a good understanding of how microstructure affects the properties of materials.Chapter 1, on titanium alloys, covers production, thermomechanical processing, microstructure, mechanical properties and applications. Chapter 2, on titanium aluminides, discusses phase stability, bulk and defect properties, deformation mechanisms of single phase materials and polysynthetically twinned crystals, and interfacial structures and energies between phases of different compositions. Chapter 3, on iron aluminides, reviews the physical and mechanical metallurgy of Fe3Al and FeAl, the two important structural intermetallics. Chapter 4, on iron and steels, presents methodology, microstructure at various levels, strength, ductility and strengthening, toughness and toughening, environmental cracking and design against fracture for many different kinds of steels. Chapter 5, on bulk amorphous alloys, covers the critical cooling rate and the effect of composition on glass formation and the accompanying mechanical and magnetic properties of the glasses. Chapter 6, on nanocrystalline materials, describes the preparation from vapor, liquid and solid states, microstructure including grain boundaries and their junctions, stability with respect to grain growth, particulate consolidation while maintaining the nanoscale microstructure, physical, chemical, mechanical, electric, magnetic and optical properties and applications in cutting tools, superplasticity, coatings, transformers, magnetic recordings, catalysis and hydrogen storage.
Download or read book Kinetics of Materials written by Robert W. Balluffi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-12-16 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A classroom-tested textbook providing a fundamental understandingof basic kinetic processes in materials This textbook, reflecting the hands-on teaching experience of itsthree authors, evolved from Massachusetts Institute of Technology'sfirst-year graduate curriculum in the Department of MaterialsScience and Engineering. It discusses key topics collectivelyrepresenting the basic kinetic processes that cause changes in thesize, shape, composition, and atomistic structure of materials.Readers gain a deeper understanding of these kinetic processes andof the properties and applications of materials. Topics are introduced in a logical order, enabling students todevelop a solid foundation before advancing to more sophisticatedtopics. Kinetics of Materials begins with diffusion, offering adescription of the elementary manner in which atoms and moleculesmove around in solids and liquids. Next, the more complex motion ofdislocations and interfaces is addressed. Finally, still morecomplex kinetic phenomena, such as morphological evolution andphase transformations, are treated. Throughout the textbook, readers are instilled with an appreciationof the subject's analytic foundations and, in many cases, theapproximations commonly used in the field. The authors offer manyextensive derivations of important results to help illuminate theirorigins. While the principal focus is on kinetic phenomena incrystalline materials, select phenomena in noncrystalline materialsare also discussed. In many cases, the principles involved apply toall materials. Exercises with accompanying solutions are provided throughoutKinetics of Materials, enabling readers to put their newfoundknowledge into practice. In addition, bibliographies are offeredwith each chapter, helping readers to investigate specializedtopics in greater detail. Several appendices presenting importantbackground material are also included. With its unique range of topics, progressive structure, andextensive exercises, this classroom-tested textbook provides anenriching learning experience for first-year graduate students.
Download or read book Develop Ultrafine Grain Size Titanium with Improved Mechanical Properties written by Roger C. May and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modified Kahn-type tear tests and fatigue crack propagation tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of strengthening by grain refinement and/or cold deformation on the toughness of alpha titanium. In addition to grain size and cold work, the effects of interstitial content, texture, and substitutional alloying were evaluated. For unalloyed materials, the tear strength and the fatigue crack propagation rates were generally improved with increasing yield strength, independently of the chemical and structural conditions. Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-5Al-2.5Sn alloys showed reduced tear strengths. Measurement of the unit propagation energy during tear testing was found to be very sensitive to differences in chemistry and structure. (Modified author abstract).
