Download or read book The Economics of Heroin Distribution in the United States written by Robert Bruce McBride and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economics of Heroin Distribution written by Mark Harrison Moore and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Drugs in America written by Ansley Hamid and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 1998 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This basic analysis of the drug problem in America describes the historical and present use of mood-altering drugs; the economics of drug trafficking; theories of addiction; and the resulting crime, violence, and community deterioration. In addition, the author focuses on the effects of legalizing drugs and the role of law enforcement. This is an ideal text for any course discussing drug use and abuse.
Download or read book Taking Care of Business written by Bruce D. Johnson and published by Free Press. This book was released on 1985 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economics of Heroin Addiction and Criminal Activity written by Allen J. Wilkins and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Policy Concerning Drug Abuse in New York State written by Mark Moore and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.
Download or read book Competing for the U S Market written by Scott Alvarez and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to historical samples obtained through the Drug Enforcement Agency's "Domestic Monitor Program", in 1986 Colombian and Mexican produced heroin constituted 32% of the U.S. heroin market. Despite decades of aggressive political rhetoric and the commitment of billions of dollars to the "War on Drugs", in 2007 Colombian and Mexican Drug Trafficking Organizations produced 98% of all heroin available within the United States. In just over 20 years heroin produced in the Western Hemisphere rose from a niche market in the Western United States to the dominant product available to U.S. consumers. What factors contributed to this change in the U.S. market? Where was heroin available to the U.S. being produced during that same time period and what happened to it? The purpose of this thesis is to identify the economic and political factors that explain the entrance into and domination of the U.S. heroin market by Colombian and Mexican sourced heroin. In this thesis, I seek to answer the question How did drug trafficking organizations in Colombia and Mexico successfully remove Asian produced heroin from the U.S. market? This feat can be recognized as especially impressive when placed in proper historical context. While Mexican and Colombian sourced heroin was aggressively increasing its share of the U.S. heroin market, the U.S. government was committing unprecedented resources to the reduction in flow of illicit drugs from Colombia and Mexico. My thesis seeks to address the aforementioned research question and provide insight into the history of U.S.-Latin American relations through the study of heroin. Heroin is a plant-based narcotic that undergoes a simple production process before it is ready for market. It is a commodity that connects sustenance farmers in ungoverned corners of the globe to consumers in the world's most developed countries. My research aims to explain heroin as a commodity and analyze its role in an illicit commodity chain. This thesis concludes that heroin is unique as an illicit commodity because from 1986 to 2012 it required less economic input for production than other drugs, was transported from point of origin to U.S. markets with minimal coordination or resources, and it remained profitable in U.S. markets with no considerable increases in price thanks to the formation of new markets. These characteristics make it an ideal commodity for drug trafficking organizations facing state intervention. The Counter-Narcotics policies of the United States, Mexico, and Colombia from 1986 to 2012 aimed at arresting the leaders of large drug trafficking organizations and intercepting large shipments of drugs. In response to these challenges, drug trafficking organizations have been forced to adopt tactics that decentralize their operations and decrease the size of their shipments. By analyzing heroin as a commodity, my thesis will provide ample evidence to explain the following contradictory phenomenon; as central governments have increased their efforts to dismantle drug trafficking organizations and curtail the flow of drugs across international borders, Colombian and Mexican produced heroin has increased in volume and come to dominate the U.S. heroin market.
Download or read book Understanding the Demand for Illegal Drugs written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-10-23 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite efforts to reduce drug consumption in the United States over the past 35 years, drugs are just as cheap and available as they have ever been. Cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamines continue to cause great harm in the country, particularly in minority communities in the major cities. Marijuana use remains a part of adolescent development for about half of the country's young people, although there is controversy about the extent of its harm. Given the persistence of drug demand in the face of lengthy and expensive efforts to control the markets, the National Institute of Justice asked the National Research Council to undertake a study of current research on the demand for drugs in order to help better focus national efforts to reduce that demand. This study complements the 2003 book, Informing America's Policy on Illegal Drugs by giving more attention to the sources of demand and assessing the potential of demand-side interventions to make a substantial difference to the nation's drug problems. Understanding the Demand for Illegal Drugs therefore focuses tightly on demand models in the field of economics and evaluates the data needs for advancing this relatively undeveloped area of investigation.
Download or read book Quantitative Explorations in Drug Abuse Policy written by I. Leveson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IRVING LEVESON The 19608 was a period of rapid social and economic change, coupled with spectacular growth in the role of government in dealing with social issues. The demands of public programs and policies created enormous pressures for improved information and analyses. In the field of drug abuse these pressures were compounded by the rapid rise of drug use and the absence of much critical information and analysis. The most elementary steps to develop a data base were just beginning, and many years of effort would be required before the accumulation of knowledge could produce. a strong foundation for public policy. There has been enormous progress in improving knowledge about drug abuse since the mid-1960s. However, as in many fields, research has concentrated on a few questions while others largely are ignored, and even where studies exist there are problems of assimilation. Information is widely dispersed, not always accessible and often not in the most useful form. Many analysts do not have adequate understanding of the ways in which studies might enter into policy development, while at the same time, persons responsible for policy formation often do not have sufficient knowledge of how to use research to help resolve policy issues. A major objective of this volume is to illustrate the formation of linkages which may bridge the gap between research and policy.
Download or read book The World Heroin Market written by Letizia Paoli and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-10 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heroin is universally considered the world's most harmful illegal drug. This is due not only to the damaging effects of the drug itself, but also to the spread of AIDS tied to its use. Burgeoning illegal mass consumption in the 1960s and 1970s has given rise to a global market for heroin and other opiates of nearly 16 million users. The production and trafficking of opiates have caused crime, disease, and social distress throughout the world, leading many nations to invest billions of dollars trying to suppress the industry. The failure of their efforts has become a central policy concern. Can the world heroin supply actually be cut, and with what consequences? The result of a five-year-long research project involving extensive fieldwork in six Asian countries, Colombia, and Turkey, this book is the first systematic analysis of the contemporary world heroin market, delving into its development and structure, its participants, and its socio-economic impact. It provides a sound and comprehensive empirical base for concluding that there is little opportunity to shrink the global supply of heroin in the long term, and explains why production is concentrated in a handful of countries--and is likely to remain that way. On the basis of these findings, the authors identify a key set of policy opportunities, largely local, and make suggestions for leveraging them. This book also offers new insights into market conditions in India, Tajikistan, and other countries that have been greatly harmed by the production and trafficking of illegal opiates. A deft integration of economics, sociology, history, and policy analysis, The World Heroin Market provides a rigorous and vital look into the complex--and resilient--global heroin trade.
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 4 written by Vikram Patel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-03-10 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mental, neurological, and substance use disorders are common, highly disabling, and associated with significant premature mortality. The impact of these disorders on the social and economic well-being of individuals, families, and societies is large, growing, and underestimated. Despite this burden, these disorders have been systematically neglected, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, with pitifully small contributions to scaling up cost-effective prevention and treatment strategies. Systematically compiling the substantial existing knowledge to address this inequity is the central goal of this volume. This evidence-base can help policy makers in resource-constrained settings as they prioritize programs and interventions to address these disorders.
Download or read book The Least of Us written by Sam Quinones and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2021 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Economic Analysis of a Drug selling Gang s Finances written by Steven D. Levitt and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze a unique data set detailing the financial activities of a drug-selling street gang on a monthly basis over a four-year period in the recent past. The data, originally compiled by the gang leader to aid in managing the organization, contain detailed information on both the sources of revenues (e.g. drug sales, extortion) and expenditrues (e.g. costs of drugs sold, weapons, tribute to the central gang organization, wages paid to various levels of the gang). Street-level drug dealing appears to be less lucrative than is generally though. We estimate the average wage in the organization to rise from roughly $6 per hour to $11 per hour over the time period studied. The distribution of wages, however, is extremely skewed. Gang leaders earn far more than they could in the legitimate sector, but the actual street-level dealers appear to earn less than the minimum wage throughout most of our sample, in spite of the substantial risks associated with such activities (the annual violent death rate in our sample is 0.07), There is some evidence consistent both with compensating differentials and efficiency wages. The markup on drugs suggests that the gang has substantial local market power. Gang wars appear to have an important strategic component: violence on another gang's turf shifts demand away from that area. The gang we observe responds to such attacks by pricing below marginal cost, suggesting either economic punishment for the rival gang or the presence of switching for users that makes market share maintenance valuable. We investigate a range of alternative methods for estimating the willingness of gang members to accept risks of death, all of which suggest that the implicit value that gang members place on their own lives is very low.
Download or read book The American Disease written by David F. Musto and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1999 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American Disease is a classic study of the development of drug laws in the United States. Supporting the theory that Americans' attitudes toward drugs have followed a cyclic pattern of tolerance and restraint, author David F. Musto examines the relationz between public outcry and the creation of prohibitive drug laws from the end of the Civil War up to the present. Originally published in 1973, and then in an expanded edition in 1987, this third edition contains a new chapter and preface that both address the renewed debate on policy and drug legislation from the end of the Reagan administration to the current Clinton administration. Here, Musto thoroughly investigates how our nation has dealt with such issues as the controversies over prevention programs and mandatory minimum sentencing, the catastrophe of the crack epidemic, the fear of a heroin revival, and the continued debate over the legalization of marijuana.
Download or read book An Analytic Assessment of U S Drug Policy written by David Boyum and published by A E I Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book concludes that AmericaOs drug policy should be reoriented in several ways to be more effective.
Download or read book The Economic Analysis of Substance Use and Abuse written by Frank J. Chaloupka and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-02-15 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional wisdom once held that the demand for addictive substances like cigarettes, alcohol, and drugs was unlike that for any other economic good and, therefore, unresponsive to traditional market forces. Recently, however, researchers from two disparate fields, economics and behavioral psychology, have found that increases in the overall price of an addictive substance can significantly reduce both the number of users and the amounts those users consume. Changes in the "full price" of addictive substances—including monetary value, time outlay, effort to obtain, and potential penalties for illegal use—yield marked variations in behavioral outcomes and demand. The Economic Analysis of Substance Use and Abuse brings these distinctive fields of study together and presents for the first time an integrated assessment of their data and results. Unique and innovative, this multidisciplinary volume will serve as an important resource in the current debates concerning alcohol and drug use and abuse and the impacts of legalizing illicit drugs.
