Download or read book The Dynamic Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Policy in an Overlapping Generations Model written by Ms.Jenny Elisabeth Ligthart and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-12-01 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper studies the dynamic allocation effects of tax policy in the context of an overlapping generations model of the Blanchard-Yaari type. The model is extended to allow for endogenous labor supply and three tax instruments: a capital income tax, labor income tax, and consumption tax. Analytical expressions and simple diagrams are used to discuss the impact, transition, and long-run effects of tax policy changes. It is shown that a part of the long-run incidence of capital and consumption taxes falls on capital when households’ horizons are finite, whereas labor would fully bear the burden of these taxes in an infinite horizon model.
Download or read book Public Finance in an Overlapping Generations Economy written by T. Ihori and published by Springer. This book was released on 1996-11-20 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a theoretically-based comprehensive analysis of macroeconomic consequences of fiscal policy using a popular economic model: the overlapping generations growth model. A wide range of essential public finance issues is analyzed, including the effects of tax reform on dynamic efficiency, positive and normative effects of public spending, considerations of taxes on fixed assets and monetary holdings, and sustainability of deficits. A unique approach is applied in the study of public finance: one expected to generate substantial interest among current graduate students and active researchers.
Download or read book The Dynamic Macroeconomic Effort of Tax Policy in an Overlapping Generations Model written by Ben J. Heijdra and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Intergenerational Effects of Tax Policy in an Overlapping Generations Model with Housing Assets written by Youngwook Lee and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using an overlapping generations model, this paper examines tax policy effects across generations. The model incorporates housing assets separately from capital assets and includes taxes on labor income, capital income, consumption and housing assets. Tax reforms for each tax rate have different effects on tax burdens across generations and the overall efficiency of the economy, leading to different welfare costs for generations. Specifically, raising housing property taxes results in the smallest welfare loss by future generations, as in the model it does not hurt economic efficiency and the tax burden increases mainly for the elderly, who have accumulated housing assets in preparation for retirement.
Download or read book Introduction to Dynamic Macroeconomic Theory written by George T. McCandless and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economies are constantly in flux, and economists have long sought reliable means of analyzing their dynamic properties. This book provides a succinct and accessible exposition of modern dynamic (or intertemporal) macroeconomics. The authors use a microeconomics-based general equilibrium framework, specifically the overlapping generations model, which assumes that in every period there are two generations which overlap. This model allows the authors to fully describe economies over time and to employ traditional welfare analysis to judge the effects of various policies. By choosing to keep the mathematical level simple and to use the same modeling framework throughout, the authors are able to address many subtle economic issues. They analyze savings, social security systems, the determination of interest rates and asset prices for different types of assets, Ricardian equivalence, business cycles, chaos theory, investment, growth, and a variety of monetary phenomena. Introduction to Dynamic Macroeconomic Theory will become a classic of economic exposition and a standard teaching and reference tool for intertemporal macroeconomics and the overlapping generations model. The writing is exceptionally clear. Each result is illustrated with analytical derivations, graphically, and by worked out examples. Exercises, which are strategically placed, are an integral part of the book.
Download or read book Generational Policy written by Laurence J. Kotlikoff and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generational policy is a fundamental aspect of a nation's fiscal affairs. The policy involves redistributing resources across generations and allocating to particular generations the burden of paying the government's bills. This chapter of the second edition of The Handbook of Public Economics shows how generational policy works, how it's measured, and how much it matters to virtual as well as real economies. The chapter shows the zero-sum nature of generational policy. It then illustrates generational policy the difference between statutory and true fiscal incidence. It also illuminates the arbitrary nature of fiscal labels as well as their associated fiscal aggregates, including the budget deficit, aggregate tax revenues, and aggregate transfer payments. Finally, it illustrates the various guises of generational policy, including structural tax changes, running budget deficits, altering investment incentives, and expanding pay-as-you-go-financed social security. Once this example has been milked, the chapter shows that its lessons about the arbitrary nature of fiscal labels are general. They apply to any neoclassical model with rational economic agents and rational economic institutions. This demonstration sets the stage for the description, illustration, and critique of generational accounting. The chapter's final sections use a simulation model to illustrate generational policy, consider the theoretical and empirical case for and against Ricardian Equivalence, discuss government risk sharing and risk making, and summarize lessons learned.
Download or read book On the Marginal Excess Burden of Taxation in an Overlapping Generations Model written by Chung Tran and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We quantify marginal excess burden, defined as the change in deadweight loss for an additional dollar of tax revenue, for different taxes. We use a dynamic general equilibrium, overlapping generations model featured with heterogeneous agents and a realistic structure of corporate finance and taxes. Our main results, based on an economy calibrated to Australian data, indicate that company taxes are more distorting than personal income and consumption taxes. Specifically, the marginal excess burden for the company income tax is 83 cents per dollar of tax revenue raised, compared to 34 cents and 24 cents for the personal income and consumption taxes, respectively. A broader analysis of more tax instruments confirm that the relatively larger excess burden of company taxes ultimately falls on households. Importantly, the marginal excess burden is distributed unevenly across skill types, generations and ages. This highlights political challenges when obtaining popular support for raising taxes. Hence, our analysis demonstrates that marginal excess burden can be a useful tool for evaluating both efficiency and distributional implications of a tax increase at the margin.
Download or read book Handbook of Computable General Equilibrium Modeling written by Peter B. Dixon and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-11-14 with total page 1143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this collection of 17 articles, top scholars synthesize and analyze scholarship on this widely used tool of policy analysis, setting forth its accomplishments, difficulties, and means of implementation. Though CGE modeling does not play a prominent role in top US graduate schools, it is employed universally in the development of economic policy. This collection is particularly important because it presents a history of modeling applications and examines competing points of view. - Presents coherent summaries of CGE theories that inform major model types - Covers the construction of CGE databases, model solving, and computer-assisted interpretation of results - Shows how CGE modeling has made a contribution to economic policy
Download or read book Public Finance in an Overlapping Generations Economy written by Toshihiro Ihori and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a theoretically based comprehensive analysis of the macroeconomic consequences of fiscal policy using the thorough exploration of a popular economic model: the overlapping generations growth model. Using a reader-friendly approach designed to provide a fresh outlook on theoretical and applied issues in public-sector economies, a wide range of important public finance issues are analyzed, including the effects of tax reform on dynamic efficiency, positive and normative effects of public spending, the impact of taxes on fixed assets and monetary holdings, sustainability of deficits, conflicts between the younger and older generations, and spillover effects of tax reform on the rest of the open-economy world. Analysis of recent developments in the field of public finance is added to this theoretical framework.
Download or read book Environmental Tax Policy and Intergenerational Distribution written by Ary Lans Bovenberg and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper integrates both the efficiency and intergenerational distributional aspects of environmental taxes by not only exploring the efficiency case for environmental taxes but also investigating the intergenerational implications of environmental tax reform.
Download or read book Tax Policy Implications in Endogenous Growth Models written by Bin Xu and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1994-03 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper surveys the tax policy implications in various endogenous growth models. The focus is on the long-run growth effects of income, consumption, and investment taxation in models whose engine of growth is the accumulation of human capital, technological innovation, and/or public infrastructure. The results depend on model specifications. This paper also reviews quantitative results from cross-country regressions and simulations, and indicates some statistical and methodological problems to which they are subject. Tax policy implications in endogenous growth models both with tax policy endogenously determined by a political process and with international capital mobility are also discussed.
Download or read book Introduction to Computable General Equilibrium Models written by Mary E. Burfisher and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a hands-on introduction to computable general equilibrium (CGE) models, written at an accessible, undergraduate level.
Download or read book The Growth Experiment written by Lawrence Lindsey and published by . This book was released on 1990-05-06 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive assessment of the economic consequences of the Reagan tax cuts ; show how Reagan's "great experiment" permanently changed the nation's tax system.
Download or read book Essays on the Macroeconomic Effects of Taxation written by Sepideh Raei and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is a collection of two essays relating to the dynamic effects of taxation. In the first chapter, I focus on a key challenge faced by tax reforms: their short-run welfare consequences. I examine a consumption-based tax reform that, despite the long-run welfare gains it generates, causes the welfare for some groups such as retirees or the working poor to fall during transition between steady states. Using a life-cycle model with heterogeneous households, I show how to devise a transition path from the current U.S. federal tax system to a consumption-based tax system that improves the welfare of current generations as well as those who are born in the long-run steady state. In a nutshell, all households alive at the time of the policy change can choose when they want to switch to the new tax system, or whether they want to switch at all. I find that implementing a tax reform with this feature improves the welfare of 95% of the population in the short run, compared to less than 25% of population in the conventional case with no choice. It takes about 20 years for half of the population to pay their taxes under the new tax code.In the second chapter, I study the aggregate consequences of the differential tax treatments of U.S. businesses focusing on the role of legal forms of organization. I develop an industry equilibrium model in which the organizational form is an endogenous choice.This model incorporates the key trade-off that businesses face when choosing their legal forms: the tax treatment of the business income; the access to external capital, and the potential level and evolution of productivity over time.The model is matched to the firm dynamic features of U.S. businesses and the contributing share of each legal form in total output. Using the model, I study revenue-neutral tax reforms in which legal forms receive the same tax treatments, and I find that the incentives induced by tax structure for organizational form and external finance are both large. Relative to the benchmark economy, unifying the tax code for all legal forms, can lead to 8% increase in the aggregate output.
Download or read book On Impatience and Policy Effectiveness written by Ms.Silvia Sgherri and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An increasing body of evidence suggests that the behavior of the economy has changed in many fundamental ways over the last decades. In particular, greater financial deregulation, larger wealth accumulation, and better policies might have helped lower uncertainty about future income and lengthen private sectors' planning horizon. In an overlapping-generations model, in which individuals discount the future more rapidly than implied by the market rate of interest, we find indeed evidence of a falling degree of impatience, providing empirical support for this hypothesis. The degree of persistence of "windfall" shocks to disposable income also appears to have varied over time. Shifts of this kind are shown to have a key impact on the average marginal propensity to consume and on the size of policy multipliers.
Download or read book Optimal Taxes on Capital in the OLG Model with Uninsurable Idiosyncratic Income Risk written by Dirk Krueger and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We characterize the optimal linear tax on capital in an Overlapping Generations model with two period lived households facing uninsurable idiosyncratic labor income risk. The Ramsey government internalizes the general equilibrium feedback of private precautionary saving. For logarithmic utility our full analytical solution of the Ramsey problem shows that the optimal aggregate saving rate is independent of income risk. The optimal time-invariant tax on capital is increasing in income risk. Its sign depends on the extent of risk and on the Pareto weight of future generations. If the Ramsey tax rate that maximizes steady state utility is positive, then implementing this tax rate permanently generates a Pareto-improving transition even if the initial equilibrium is dynamically efficient. We generalize our results to Epstein-Zin-Weil utility and show that the optimal steady state saving rate is increasing in income risk if and only if the intertemporal elasticity of substitution is smaller than 1.
Download or read book Optimal Taxes on Capital in the OLG Model with Uninsurable Idiosyncratic Income Risk written by Dirk Krueger and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We characterize the optimal linear tax on capital in an Overlapping Generations model with two period lived households facing uninsurable idiosyncratic labor income risk. The Ramsey government internalizes the general equilibrium feedback of private precautionary saving. For logarithmic utility our full analytical solution of the Ramsey problem shows that the optimal aggregate saving rate is independent of income risk. The optimal time-invariant tax on capital is increasing in income risk. Its sign depends on the extent of risk and on the Pareto weight of future generations. If the Ramsey tax rate that maximizes steady state utility is positive, then implementing this tax rate permanently generates a Pareto-improving transition even if the initial equilibrium is dynamically efficient. We generalize our results to Epstein-Zin-Weil utility and show that the optimal steady state saving rate is increasing in income risk if and only if the intertemporal elasticity of substitution is smaller than 1.
