Download or read book The Distributional Impacts of Trade written by Jakob Engel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade is a well-established driver of growth and poverty reduction.But changes in trade policy also have distributional impacts that create winners and losers. It is vital to understand and clearly communicate how trade affects economic well-being across all segments of the population, as well as how policies can more effectively ensure that the gains from trade are distributed more widely. The Distributional Impacts of Trade: Empirical Innovations, Analytical Tools, and Policy Responses provides a deeper understanding of the distributional effects of trade across regions, industries, and demographic groups within countries over time. It includes an overview (chapter 1); a review of innovations in empirical and theoretical work covering the impacts of trade at the subnational level (chapter 2); highlights from empirical case studies on Bangladesh, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, and Sri Lanka (chapter 3); and a policy agenda to improve distributional outcomes from trade (chapter 4). This book comes at a time when the shock from COVID-19 (coronavirus) adds to an already uncertain trade policy environment in which the value of the multilateral trading system has been under increased scrutiny. A better understanding of how trade affects distributional outcomes can lead to more inclusive policies and support the ability of countries to maximize broad-based benefits from trade.
Download or read book Analyzing the Distributional Impact of Reforms 2 written by Aline Coudouel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The analysis of the distributional impact of policy reforms on the well-being or welfare of different stakeholder groups, particularly on th e poor and vulnerable, has an important role in the elaboration and implementation of poverty reduction strategies in developing countries. In recent years this type of work has been labeled as Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) and is increasingly implemented to promote evidence-based policy choices and foster debate on policy reform options. While information is available on the general approach, techniques, and tools for distributional analysis, each sector displays a series of specific characteristics. These have implications for the analysis of distributional impacts, including the types of impacts and transmission channels that warrant particular attention, the tools and techniques most appropriate, the data source typically utilized, and the range of political economy factors most likely to affect the reform process. This volume provides an overview of the specific issues arising in the analysis of the distributional impacts of policy and institutional reforms in selected sectors. Each chapter offers guidance on the selection of tools and techniques most adapted to the reforms under scrutiny, and offers examples of applications of these approaches. This is a companion to the first volume, which offers guidance on trade, monetary and exchange rate policy, utility provision, agricultural markets, land policy, and education."
Download or read book Using Survey Data to Assess the Distributional Effects of Trade Policy written by Guido G. Porto and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Porto develops and applies a methodology to empirically explore the effects of trade policies on the distribution of income and poverty in developing countries. He uses a methodology based on two links - one connecting trade policies to prices, and another connecting prices to household welfare. The author applies the methodology to the study of the distributional effects of Mercosur on Argentine families.The main finding is that Mercosur benefits the average Argentine household across the entire income distribution. There is evidence of a pro-poor bias of the regional trade agreement: on average, poor households gain more from the reform than middle-income households, whereas the effects on rich families are positive but not statistically significant. Prior to the reform, Argentine trade policy protected the rich over the poor, and after the reform, granted some protection to the poor. As relative pre-Mercosur tariffs are higher on relatively skill-intensive goods, the tariff removals tend to benefit the poor over the rich. These findings indicate that trade reforms may actually help improve the distribution of income and reduce poverty in the country.This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the impacts of trade and trade policies on poverty.
Download or read book Analyzing the Distributional Impact of Reforms A practitioner s guide to trade monetary and exchange rate policy utility provision agricultural markets land policy and education written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is a practitioner's guide for analyzing the distributional impact of reforms to trade, monetary and exchange rate policy, utility provision, agricultural markets, land policy and education. These six areas of policy reform are the ones most likely to have an impact on distribution and poverty. Such analysis helps in policy formulation and development and for implementing poverty reduction strategies in developing countries. Each chapter in this volume provides an overview and guidance on the specific issues arising in the analysis of the distributional impacts of policy and institutional reforms in selected sectors.
Download or read book Using Survey Data to Assess the Distributional Effects of Trade Policy written by Guido Gustavo Porto and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Distributional Effects of Climate Policies written by ZACHMANN. GUSTAV GEORG (FREDRIKSSON. GREGORY, CLAEYS.) and published by . This book was released on 2018-12-20 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policymakers will not accept forceful decarbonisation policies if they lead to visibly increasing inequality within their societies. The distributive effects of climate policies need to be addressed. This report provides a selective review of recent academic literature and experience on the distributional effects of climate policies.
Download or read book Behavioral and Distributional Effects of Environmental Policy written by Carlo Carraro and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-02-15 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people would agree that it makes sense to tax a company that pollutes in a way that directly reflects the amount of environmental and social damage it has done. Yet in practice, such taxes are fraught with difficulty and have far-reaching implications. A company facing a new tax may lay off workers, for example, exacerbating an unemployment problem. This volume focuses on such external issues and examines in detail the trade-offs involved in designing policies to deal with environmental problems. Reflecting the broad nature of the subject, the contributors include leading economists in the areas of public finance, industrial organization, and trade theory, as well as environmental economists. Integrating both theoretical and empirical methods, they examine environmental policy design as it relates to location decisions, compliance costs, administrative costs, effects on research and development, and international factor movements. Shedding light on an extraordinarily complex and important topic, this collection will be of interest to all those involved in designing effective environmental policy.
Download or read book Internal Geography Labor Mobility and the Distributional Impacts of Trade written by Jingting Fan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a spatial equilibrium model to quantify the distributional impacts of international trade in an economy with intra-national trade and migration costs. Focusing on China, I find that international trade increases both the between-region inequality among workers with similar skills and the within-region inequality between skilled and unskilled workers, with the former accounting for 75% of the overall inequality increase. Ignoring domestic spatial frictions will significantly underestimate trade's impact on the overall inequality and overestimate its impact on the aggregate skill premium. Domestic trade and Hukou reforms can improve welfare and alleviate trade-induced inequality, while at the same time reduce the share of international trade in the economy.
Download or read book Distributional Cost Effectiveness Analysis written by Richard Cookson and published by Handbooks in Health Economic Evaluation. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health inequalities blight lives, generate enormous costs, and exist everywhere. This book is the definitive all-in-one guide for anyone who wishes to learn about, commission, and use distributional cost-effectiveness analysis to promote both equity and efficiency in health and healthcare.
Download or read book The Distributional Effects of Environmental Policy written by Johnstone Nick and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2006-02-23 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book builds upon existing literature to simultaneously examine disparities in the distribution of environmental impacts of environmental policy and in the distribution of financial effects among households.
Download or read book Distributional Effects of International Trade written by Erhan Artuc and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International trade increases efficiency but also redistributes income, thus creating winners and losers. To account for the total impact and calculate redistributive effects correctly and fully, the different channels of gains and losses must be measured precisely. This Brief shows that measuring the gains is often much more challenging than measuring the losses, generating misconceptions and an overstatement of the adverse impacts of international trade. To assess the effects of trade shocks objectively, and to promote effective policy options, policy makers must be aware of thelimitations in data and methodology surrounding the research on the distributional effects of international trade, and the misconceptions that ensue.
Download or read book Distributional Effects of WTO Agricultural Reforms in Rich and Poor Countries written by Roman Keeney and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Rich countries' agricultural trade policies are the battleground on which the future of the WTO's troubled Doha Round will be determined. Subject to widespread criticism, they nonetheless appear to be almost immune to serious reform, and one of their most common defenses is that they protect poor farmers. The authors' findings reject this claim. The analysis uses detailed data on farm incomes to show that major commodity programs are highly regressive in the United States, and that the only serious losses under trade reform are among large, wealthy farmers in a few heavily protected subsectors. In contrast, analysis using household data from 15 developing countries indicates that reforming rich countries' agricultural trade policies would lift large numbers of developing country farm households out of poverty. In the majority of cases these gains are not outweighed by the poverty-increasing effects of higher food prices among other households. Agricultural reforms that appear feasible, even under an ambitious Doha Round, achieve only a fraction of the benefits for developing countries that full liberalization promises, but protect U.S. large farms from most of the rigors of adjustment. Finally, the analysis indicates that maximal trade-led poverty reductions occur when developing countries participate more fully in agricultural trade liberalization.
Download or read book The Distributional Effects of Trade written by Kirill Borusyak and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on the Distributional Effects of North South Trade written by Xiang Tang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding of Trade written by Stefanie Stantcheva and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I study how people understand and reason about trade and which factors shape their views on trade policy. I design and run large-scale surveys and experiments in the U.S. to elicit respondents' knowledge and understanding of trade. I also ask about their perceived economic gains and distributional impacts from trade and their views on trade restrictions and compensatory redistribution for those hurt by trade. People's understanding of the price, wage, and welfare effects of trade is mixed. In general, respondents are optimistic about the efficiency gains from trade, but also understand that there may be adverse distributional consequences from it. Respondents' own exposure to trade through their sector, occupation, skill, and local labor market shapes their perceptions of the impacts of trade on themselves, others, and on the broader U.S. economy. I also find patterns consistent with the idea of "diffuse gains and concentrated losses'': respondents' perceived benefits as consumers are nonsalient and unclear to them, while those in at-risk jobs starkly perceive the threats from trade. Beyond material self-interest, people have broader social and economic concerns that strongly influence their views on trade policy. The belief that is most predictive of support for open trade is that trade generates efficiency gains. Furthermore, people who believe that those hurt by trade can be helped using other tools (compensatory redistribution) do not oppose free trade, even if they think that it will entail adverse distributional consequences. The results highlight the importance of compensatory redistribution as an indissociable part of trade policy in people's minds.
Download or read book Using Survey Data to Assess the Distributional Effects of Trade Policy written by Guido C. Porto and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Distributional Impact of Trade Liberalization in the U S Grain written by Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Economics and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
