Download or read book The Development of Uranium plutonium Glass Standards for Hybrid K edge Densitometry written by S. J. Firkin and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Standard Test Method for Determination of Uranium and Plutonium Concentration in Aqueous Solutions Using Hybrid K Edge Densitometry and X Ray Fluorescence written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Preparation and Characteristation of Six Uranium thorium Mixed Oxides for Possible Application as Standards in Hybrid K edge X Ray Densitometry written by P. Evans and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanical Design of Hybrid Densitometer for Laboratory Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hybrid K-edge densitometry (KED) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) densitometer is a unique nondestructive assay (NDA) technique to determine the concentrations of nuclear material (SNM) in solutions. The technique is ideally suited to assay the dissolver solutions as well as the uranium and plutonium product solutions from reprocessing It is an important instrument for safeguarding reprocessing; it is also a useful tool in analytical laboratories because of its capability of analyzing mixed solutions of SNM without chemical separation. Figure 1 shows the hardware of an hybrid system developed at Los Alamos. The hybrid densitometer employs a combination of two complimentary techniques: absorption KED and XRF. The KED technique measures the transmission of a tightly collimated photon beam through the sample; it is therefore quite insensitive to the radiation emitted by the sample material. Fission product level of (approximately)1 Ci/mL can be tolerated. The technique is insensitive to matrix variation. XRF measures the fluorescent x-rays from the same sample and can be used to determine the ratios of SNM. The technique can be applied to thorium, uranium, neptunium, plutonium, and americium concentration determination. The technique can also be applied to mixed solutions found in nuclear fuel cycle without separation: thorium-uranium, uranium-plutoniun neptunium-plutonium-americium. The design of the hybrid densitometer is shown schematically in Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 1 shows the top view; Fig. 2 shows the side view. The heart of the design is the changer. The sample changer can accommodate a sample tray, which holds up to six samples. The samples can be a 2-cm path length cell, 4-cm path length cell, or a mixture of both sizes. The sample tray is controlled by a "Compumotor" which in turn is controlled by a computer. The absolute position of the sample cell can be reproduced to a standard deviation of 0.02 mm. The sample changer is housed inside square stainless steel tubing which is bolted onto the glove box. The sample cells can be observed during the movement or assay through a leaded glass viewport, as shown in Fig. 3.
Download or read book The preparation and characterisation of six uranium thorium mixed oxides for possible application as standards in hybrid K edge X ray densitometry written by P. Evans and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Semi empirical Modeling and Implementation of Hybrid K edge Densitometry for Pyroprocessing Applications written by Michael Paul Cooper and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is currently looking at options for handling of spent nuclear fuel. Currently, there are ≈ 70, 000 metric tons of spent fuel in storage in the US alone. Pyroprocessing is a possible method for spent nuclear fuel reprocessing which was proven to work at Argonne National Laboratory. This masters thesis showcases a method for empirically modeling hybrid k-edge densitometry, one of the numerous possible safeguards needed for a reprocessing facility. This is accomplished by using MCNP to perform 54 sets of 2-stage simulations for KED and XRF, respectively. The end results are empirical linear functions for the magnitude of the k-edge drop of uranium and plutonium, as well as empirical functions for the XRF peaks for uranium and plutonium. These two empirical functions are functions of uranium concentration and plutonium to uranium mass fraction ratio, respectively. The semi-empirical functions are then implemented into the Sandia National Laboratory Separation and Safeguards Performance Model EChem (SSPM Echem) Simulink model. The SSPM is a Simulink model which can use modular safeguards functions for methods such as HKED, passive gamma, and passive neutron detection. These types of safeguards modules help to evaluate how much the standard error of inventory difference (SEID) is affected by additional safeguards, providing a quantifiable value. The empirical functions as well as multiple representative figures and tables are presented, showcasing the ability of the Simulink module to correctly predict the KED drops as well as the XRF peaks. The ultimate goal is to combine the KED and XRF into HKED measurements to get a value for the mass fraction of plutonium in salt. Plots showcasing the differences between the HKED module output and SSPM’s internal mass tracking are shown.
Download or read book British National Bibliography for Report Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nonlinear Fitting of Absorption Edges in K edge Densitometry Spectra written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new method for analyzing absorption edges in K-Edge Densitometry (KED) spectra is introduced. This technique features a nonlinear function that specifies the empirical form of a broadened K-absorption edge. Nonlinear fitting of the absorption edge can be used to remove broadening effects from the KED spectrum. This allows more data near the edge to be included in the conventional KED fitting procedure. One possible benefit is enhanced precision of measured uranium and plutonium concentrations. Because no additional hardware is required, several facilities that use KED may eventually benefit from this approach. Applications of nonlinear KED fitting in the development of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) hybrid K-edge/x-ray fluorescence (XRF) densitometer system are described.
Download or read book The Use of K edge Densitometry for the Measurement of Uranium and Plutonium Concentrations in the Dounreay Alpha Pulsed Column Rig written by E. Mackay and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Safeguards Technology 1986 written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Hybrid K Edge written by H. Eberle and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Passive Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials written by Doug Reilly and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Safeguards Techniques and Equipment written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1990s saw significant developments in the global non-proliferation landscape, resulting in a new period of safeguards development. The current publication, which is the second revision and update of IAEA/NVS/1, is intended to give a full and balanced description of the safeguards techniques and equipment used for nuclear material accountancy, containment and surveillance measures, environmental sampling, and data security. New features include a section on new and novel technologies. As new verification measures continue to be developed, the material in this book will be reviewed periodically and updated versions issued.
Download or read book Materials Chemistry written by Bradley D. Fahlman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-28 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 3rd edition of this successful textbook continues to build on the strengths that were recognized by a 2008 Textbook Excellence Award from the Text and Academic Authors Association (TAA). Materials Chemistry addresses inorganic-, organic-, and nano-based materials from a structure vs. property treatment, providing a suitable breadth and depth coverage of the rapidly evolving materials field — in a concise format. The 3rd edition offers significant updates throughout, with expanded sections on sustainability, energy storage, metal-organic frameworks, solid electrolytes, solvothermal/microwave syntheses, integrated circuits, and nanotoxicity. Most appropriate for Junior/Senior undergraduate students, as well as first-year graduate students in chemistry, physics, or engineering fields, Materials Chemistry may also serve as a valuable reference to industrial researchers. Each chapter concludes with a section that describes important materials applications, and an updated list of thought-provoking questions.
Download or read book Nuclear Forensic Analysis written by Kenton J. Moody and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-10 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its second edition, Nuclear Forensic Analysis provides a multidisciplinary reference for forensic scientists, analytical and nuclear chemists, and nuclear physicists in one convenient source. The authors focus particularly on the chemical, physical, and nuclear aspects associated with the production or interrogation of a radioactive sample.
Download or read book Disposition of High Level Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-05 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focused attention by world leaders is needed to address the substantial challenges posed by disposal of spent nuclear fuel from reactors and high-level radioactive waste from processing such fuel. The biggest challenges in achieving safe and secure storage and permanent waste disposal are societal, although technical challenges remain. Disposition of radioactive wastes in a deep geological repository is a sound approach as long as it progresses through a stepwise decision-making process that takes advantage of technical advances, public participation, and international cooperation. Written for concerned citizens as well as policymakers, this book was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and waste management organizations in eight other countries.
Download or read book The New Nuclear Forensics written by Vitaly Fedchenko and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear material changes its form and properties as it moves through the nuclear fuel cycle, from one facility to another. Each step of the fuel cycle or each use of the material will inevitably leave its mark. The science of determining the history of a sample of nuclear material through the study of these characteristics is known as nuclear forensics. While nuclear forensic analysis has normally been associated with investigations and prosecutions in the contextof trafficking of nuclear materials or nuclear terrorism, it had wider applications in in national security contexts, such as nuclear non-proliferation, disarmament, and arms control. The New Nuclear Forensics is the first book to give a definitive guide to this broader definition of nuclear forensic analysis. This book describes the various methods used in nuclear forensics, giving first a broad introduction to the process followed by details of relevant measurement techniques and procedures. In each case, the advantages and limitations are outlined. To put these methods in context, the book also recounts the history of the discipline anddescribes the diverse contemporary applications of nuclear forensics.
