Download or read book The Demand for Mandatory Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody Screening for Health Care Professionals in the United States written by Robert John Smith (priest) and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Demand for Mandatory Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody Screening for Health Care Professionals in the United States written by Robert J. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Demand for Mandatory Human Immunodefiency Virus Antibody Screening for Health Care Professionals in the United States written by Robert J. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report of the Presidential Commission on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic written by United States. Presidential Commission on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reducing the Odds written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-02-13 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thousands of HIV-positive women give birth every year. Further, because many pregnant women are not tested for HIV and therefore do not receive treatment, the number of children born with HIV is still unacceptably high. What can we do to eliminate this tragic and costly inheritance? In response to a congressional request, this book evaluates the extent to which state efforts have been effective in reducing the perinatal transmission of HIV. The committee recommends that testing HIV be a routine part of prenatal care, and that health care providers notify women that HIV testing is part of the usual array of prenatal tests and that they have an opportunity to refuse the HIV test. This approach could help both reduce the number of pediatric AIDS cases and improve treatment for mothers with AIDS. Reducing the Odds will be of special interest to federal, state, and local health policymakers, prenatal care providers, maternal and child health specialists, public health practitioners, and advocates for HIV/AIDS patients. January
Download or read book HIV Screening and Access to Care written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-04-21 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased HIV screening may help identify more people with the disease, but there may not be enough resources to provide them with the care they need. The Institute of Medicine's Committee on HIV Screening and Access to Care concludes that more practitioners must be trained in HIV/AIDS care and treatment and their hospitals, clinics, and health departments must receive sufficient funding to meet a growing demand for care.
Download or read book HIV Antibody Testing written by Theodore M. Hammett and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quality AIDS Testing written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Regulation and Business Opportunities and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book HIV and the Blood Supply written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-10-05 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the early years of the AIDS epidemic, thousands of Americans became infected with HIV through the nation's blood supply. Because little reliable information existed at the time AIDS first began showing up in hemophiliacs and in others who had received transfusions, experts disagreed about whether blood and blood products could transmit the disease. During this period of great uncertainty, decision-making regarding the blood supply became increasingly difficult and fraught with risk. This volume provides a balanced inquiry into the blood safety controversy, which involves private sexual practices, personal tragedy for the victims of HIV/AIDS, and public confidence in America's blood services system. The book focuses on critical decisions as information about the danger to the blood supply emerged. The committee draws conclusions about what was doneâ€"and recommends what should be done to produce better outcomes in the face of future threats to blood safety. The committee frames its analysis around four critical area: Product treatmentâ€"Could effective methods for inactivating HIV in blood have been introduced sooner? Donor screening and referralâ€"including a review of screening to exlude high-risk individuals. Regulations and recall of contaminated bloodâ€"analyzing decisions by federal agencies and the private sector. Risk communicationâ€"examining whether infections could have been averted by better communication of the risks.
Download or read book Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody Testing in Women 15 44 Years of Age written by Jacqueline B. Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Need for Immediate OSHA Regulations to Protect Health Care Workers from AIDS written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Screening for Human Immunodeficiency Virus written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-06-22 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report updates an evidence synthesis commissioned by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and completed in March 2005, on screening for unsuspected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using HIV antibody (Ab) tests in non-pregnant adolescents (aged 13 to 18 years old) and adults. This brief update was requested by the USPSTF to determine whether there is sufficient new evidence to justify revision of recommendations based on the 2005 evidence synthesis. A key reason for this update is the release in September 2006 of revised Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations advising routine voluntary HIV screening of most U.S. adolescents and adults. The 2005 USPSTF recommendations differ from the revised CDC recommendations in that they do not recommend for or against routine screening non-pregnant adults and adolescents who do not report risk factors and are not in high-prevalence (greater than 1%) or other high-risk settings. Staff at the CDC have indicated that the agency's expanded screening recommendations are based primarily on new evidence as to the effects of HIV screening on transmission risk. This report focuses on new or “breakthrough” evidence that could affect the 2005 USPSTF recommendations regarding routine screening of low- or average-risk adults and adolescents. This update reviews new evidence on HIV screening not included in the 2005 evidence synthesis. It focuses on evidence in non-pregnant, adults and adolescents who do not report risk factors and are evaluated in lower-prevalence (less than 1%), low-risk clinical settings (referred to in this report as 'low-risk' persons), because this is the population for which the USPSTF and the 2006 CDC recommendations are discordant. In the 2005 evidence review, we identified several key areas where additional evidence could strengthen the case for screening in low-risk populations. These include gaps in the research regarding uncertainties about the acceptability of routine voluntary screening in low-risk persons; the yield of targeted versus universal screening and optimal methods of risk assessment in low-risk settings; the impact on test uptake and follow-up of abbreviated or streamlined counseling methods and newer testing or sampling methods; and the effects of screening on HIV transmission rates. We therefore focused on studies that could help fill in these gaps. We also evaluated new evidence on the cost-effectiveness of routine HIV screening and studies on the frequency of testing.
Download or read book The Social Impact of AIDS in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Europe's "Black Death" contributed to the rise of nation states, mercantile economies, and even the Reformation. Will the AIDS epidemic have similar dramatic effects on the social and political landscape of the twenty-first century? This readable volume looks at the impact of AIDS since its emergence and suggests its effects in the next decade, when a million or more Americans will likely die of the disease. The Social Impact of AIDS in the United States addresses some of the most sensitive and controversial issues in the public debate over AIDS. This landmark book explores how AIDS has affected fundamental policies and practices in our major institutions, examining: How America's major religious organizations have dealt with sometimes conflicting values: the imperative of care for the sick versus traditional views of homosexuality and drug use. Hotly debated public health measures, such as HIV antibody testing and screening, tracing of sexual contacts, and quarantine. The potential risk of HIV infection to and from health care workers. How AIDS activists have brought about major change in the way new drugs are brought to the marketplace. The impact of AIDS on community-based organizations, from volunteers caring for individuals to the highly political ACT-UP organization. Coping with HIV infection in prisons. Two case studies shed light on HIV and the family relationship. One reports on some efforts to gain legal recognition for nonmarital relationships, and the other examines foster care programs for newborns with the HIV virus. A case study of New York City details how selected institutions interact to give what may be a picture of AIDS in the future. This clear and comprehensive presentation will be of interest to anyone concerned about AIDS and its impact on the country: health professionals, sociologists, psychologists, advocates for at-risk populations, and interested individuals.
Download or read book Screening for Human Immunodeficiency Virus written by Roger Chou and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report updates an evidence synthesis commissioned by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and completed in March 2005, on screening for unsuspected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using HIV antibody (Ab) tests in non-pregnant adolescents (aged 13 to 18 years old) and adults. This brief update was requested by the USPSTF to determine whether there is sufficient new evidence to justify revision of recommendations based on the 2005 evidence synthesis. A key reason for this update is the release in September 2006 of revised Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations advising routine voluntary HIV screening of most U.S. adolescents and adults. The 2005 USPSTF recommendations differ from the revised CDC recommendations in that they do not recommend for or against routine screening non-pregnant adults and adolescents who do not report risk factors and are not in high-prevalence (>1%) or other high-risk settings. Staff at the CDC have indicated that the agency's expanded screening recommendations are based primarily on new evidence as to the effects of HIV screening on transmission risk. This report focuses on new or "breakthrough" evidence that could affect the 2005 USPSTF recommendations regarding routine screening of low- or average-risk adults and adolescents.
Download or read book Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody Testing and the Right of Privacy written by Anne Leslie MacArthur and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS) cases continues to increase in the United States. The disease's causative agent, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV, appears to have infected an additional number of asymptomatic people. Both the disease and the infection are shrouded with misinformation and misunderstanding. The public reaction is that of fear and discrimination against both the infected and the ill. Blood tests exist for the detection of antibodies to the virus. There is tremendous pressure from the public to use the virus antibody tests, originally invented to screen the nation's blood supply, to screen the infected from the uninfected. The danger is that the results of the tests will be misused. This paper examines HIV antibody testing, its meaning, and the legal protections available to prevent unwarranted disclosure. Legal protections include federal statutes, the United States Constitution as interpreted by the U.S. Supreme Court and the appellate courts, state constitutional law, the state physician-patient privilege, medical records statutes and finally specific state laws on HIV antibody testing. It will be shown that many of the laws are very narrow in scope and that the right of privacy is subject to conflicting public health and public policy interests. No single law offers the protection desired by a person infected with the HIV; rather, a combination of laws or doctrines must be used. Keywords: Immunosuppression, Virus diseases.
Download or read book Screening for Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Pregnant Women Evidence Synthesis written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-07-01 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This evidence synthesis focuses on screening for unsuspected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using HIV antibody (Ab) tests in pregnant women, including adolescents. Since the USPSTF last published recommendations regarding HIV screening of pregnant Women, there have been substantial changes in the management of pregnant women with HIV and in the rates of mother-to-child transmission. Although this report reviews the overall body of evidence regarding screening for HIV infection in pregnant women, it focuses on more recent data regarding the efficacy of combination antiretroviral regimens in prevention of mother-to-child transmission, harms associated with receipt of antiretrovirals in pregnancy, and the accuracy and acceptability of rapid testing. There is no effective vaccine to prevent HIV infection and no cure for chronic infection. In HIV-infected pregnant women, a major goal of interventions is to reduce the risk of mother-to child transmission. Other important goals are to improve clinical outcomes in the mother, facilitate early identification of infected newborns, allow women to make informed future reproductive choices, and prevent horizontal transmission through counseling on risky behaviors. Interventions for HIV-infected pregnant women include antiretroviral therapy, avoidance of breastfeeding, specific labor and delivery management techniques such as cesarean section before labor and before rupture of membranes (elective cesarean section), prophylaxis for opportunistic infections, immunizations, counseling to reduce high-risk behaviors, and regular monitoring and follow-up. In the U.S., receipt of combination antiretrovirals in conjunction with elective cesarean section in selected women and avoidance of breastfeeding is the standard of care to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Management of HIV infection in pregnancy is a rapidly evolving area. Key Questions addressed include: KQ1. Does Screening for HIV in Asymptomatic Pregnant Women Reduce Mother-to-Child Transmission or Premature Death and Disability? KQ2. Can Clinical or Demographic Characteristics (Including Persons in Specific Settings) Identify Subgroups of Asymptomatic Pregnant Women at Increased Risk for HIV Infection Compared to the General Population of Pregnant Women? KQ3. What Are the Test Characteristics of HIV Antibody Test Strategies in Pregnant Women? KQ4. What Are the Harms (Including Labeling and Anxiety) Associated with Screening? Is Screening Acceptable to Pregnant Women? KQ5. How Many HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Who Meet Criteria for Interventions Receive Them? KQ6. What Are the Harms Associated with the Work-up for HIV Infection in Pregnant Women? KQ7a. How Effective Are Interventions (Antiretroviral Prophylaxis [to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission] or Treatment [to Improve Maternal Outcomes], Avoidance of Breastfeeding, Elective Cesarean Section [in Selected Patients] or Other Labor Management Practices, Counseling on Risky Behaviors, Immunizations, Routine Monitoring and Follow-up or Prophylaxis for Opportunistic Infections) in Reducing Transmission Rates or Improving Clinical Outcomes (Mortality, Functional Status, Quality of Life, Symptoms, or Opportunistic Infections) in Pregnant Women with HIV Infection? KQ7b. Does Immediate Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Result in Improvements in Clinical Outcomes Compared to Delayed Treatment until Symptomatic? KQ7c. How Well Do Interventions Reduce the Rate of Viremia, Improve CD4 Counts, and Reduce Risky Behaviors? How Does Identification of HIV Infection in Pregnant Women Affect Future Reproductive Choices? KQ8. What Are the Harms (Including Adverse Effects from In Utero Exposure) Associated with Antiretroviral Intervention and Elective Cesarean Section? KQ9. Have Improvements in Intermediate Outcomes (CD4 Counts, Viremia, or Risky Behaviors) in HIV Infected Pregnant Women Been Shown to Improve Clinical Outcomes or Reduce Mother-to-Child Transmission?
Download or read book Need for Immediate OSHA Regulations to Protect Health Care Workers from AIDS written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
