Download or read book The crime forecasting process Application critique and discussion written by Andrea Attwenger and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-02-22 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Computer Sciences - Artificial Intelligence, grade: 1.3, LMU Munich (Institut für Informatik), course: Seminar und Praktikum Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten und Lehren, language: English, abstract: The development of new information systems and data mining techniques has made it possible to make predictions of the place, time, victim or perpetrator of a future crime by analyzing past crime reports. Providing that enough relevant data has been collected before, computational algorithms can be used to find patterns and forecast crimes. Underlying theories make use of criminological findings such as the increased threat to areas already targeted once or to areas close to a victimized neighborhood. The usage of computers allows for a quicker and more effective analysis as well as the discovery of patterns otherwise not humanly detectable. In order to be effective, forecasts need to be followed by concrete measures. They can be used to plan police operations and specifically deploy forces and resources in realtime. This paper describes the most important steps of the crime forecasting process.
Download or read book Predictive Policing written by Walt L. Perry and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2013-09-23 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predictive policing is the use of analytical techniques to identify targets for police intervention with the goal of preventing crime, solving past crimes, or identifying potential offenders and victims. These tools are not a substitute for integrated approaches to policing, nor are they a crystal ball. This guide assesses some of the most promising technical tools and tactical approaches for acting on predictions in an effective way.
Download or read book Risk Terrain Modeling written by Joel M. Caplan and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2016-06-28 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imagine using an evidence-based risk management model that enables researchers and practitioners alike to analyze the spatial dynamics of crime, allocate resources, and implement custom crime and risk reduction strategies that are transparent, measurable, and effective. Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM) diagnoses the spatial attractors of criminal behavior and makes accurate forecasts of where crime will occur at the microlevel. RTM informs decisions about how the combined factors that contribute to criminal behavior can be targeted, connections to crime can be monitored, spatial vulnerabilities can be assessed, and actions can be taken to reduce worst effects. As a diagnostic method, RTM offers a statistically valid way to identify vulnerable places. To learn more, visit http://www.riskterrainmodeling.com and begin using RTM with the many free tutorials and resources.
Download or read book Predicting Crime written by M. Todd Henderson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prediction markets have been proposed for a variety of public policy purposes, but no one has considered their application in perhaps the most obvious policy area: crime. This paper proposes and examines the use of prediction markets to forecast crime rates and the impact on crime from changes to crime policy, such as resource allocation, policing strategies, sentencing, post-conviction treatment, and so on. We make several contributions to the prediction markets and crime forecasting literature. First, we argue that prediction markets are especially useful in crime rate forecasting and criminal policy analysis, because information relevant to decisionmakers is voluminous, dispersed, and difficult to process efficiently. After surveying the current forecasting practices and techniques, we examine the use of standard prediction markets - such as those being used to predict everything from the weather to political elections to flu outbreaks - as a method of forecasting crime rates of various kinds. Second, we introduce some theoretical improvements to existing prediction markets that are designed to address specific issues that arise in policy-making applications, such as crime rate forecasting. Specifically, we develop the idea of prediction market event studies that can be used to test the influence of policy changes, both real and hypothetical, on crime rates. Given the high costs of changing policies, say issuing a moratorium on the death penalty or lowering mandatory minimum sentences for certain crimes, these markets provide a useful tool for policy makers operating under uncertainty. These event studies and the other policy markets we propose face a big hurdle, however, because predictions about the future imbed assumptions about the very policy choices they are designed to measure. We offer a method by which policy makers can interpret market forecasts in a way that isolates or unpacks underlying crime factors from expected policy responses, even when the responses are dependent on the crime factors. Finally, we discuss some practical issues about designing these markets, such as how to ensure liquidity, how to structure contracts, and the optimal market scope. We conclude with a modest proposal for experimenting with markets in this policy area.
Download or read book Understanding Crime Trends written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-01-05 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes over time in the levels and patterns of crime have significant consequences that affect not only the criminal justice system but also other critical policy sectors. Yet compared with such areas as health status, housing, and employment, the nation lacks timely information and comprehensive research on crime trends. Descriptive information and explanatory research on crime trends across the nation that are not only accurate, but also timely, are pressing needs in the nation's crime-control efforts. In April 2007, the National Research Council held a two-day workshop to address key substantive and methodological issues underlying the study of crime trends and to lay the groundwork for a proposed multiyear NRC panel study of these issues. Six papers were commissioned from leading researchers and discussed at the workshop by experts in sociology, criminology, law, economics, and statistics. The authors revised their papers based on the discussants' comments, and the papers were then reviewed again externally. The six final workshop papers are the basis of this volume, which represents some of the most serious thinking and research on crime trends currently available.
Download or read book Predictive Policing and Artificial Intelligence written by John McDaniel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited text draws together the insights of numerous worldwide eminent academics to evaluate the condition of predictive policing and artificial intelligence (AI) as interlocked policy areas. Predictive and AI technologies are growing in prominence and at an unprecedented rate. Powerful digital crime mapping tools are being used to identify crime hotspots in real-time, as pattern-matching and search algorithms are sorting through huge police databases populated by growing volumes of data in an eff ort to identify people liable to experience (or commit) crime, places likely to host it, and variables associated with its solvability. Facial and vehicle recognition cameras are locating criminals as they move, while police services develop strategies informed by machine learning and other kinds of predictive analytics. Many of these innovations are features of modern policing in the UK, the US and Australia, among other jurisdictions. AI promises to reduce unnecessary labour, speed up various forms of police work, encourage police forces to more efficiently apportion their resources, and enable police officers to prevent crime and protect people from a variety of future harms. However, the promises of predictive and AI technologies and innovations do not always match reality. They often have significant weaknesses, come at a considerable cost and require challenging trade- off s to be made. Focusing on the UK, the US and Australia, this book explores themes of choice architecture, decision- making, human rights, accountability and the rule of law, as well as future uses of AI and predictive technologies in various policing contexts. The text contributes to ongoing debates on the benefits and biases of predictive algorithms, big data sets, machine learning systems, and broader policing strategies and challenges. Written in a clear and direct style, this book will appeal to students and scholars of policing, criminology, crime science, sociology, computer science, cognitive psychology and all those interested in the emergence of AI as a feature of contemporary policing.
Download or read book Predict and Surveil written by Sarah Brayne and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-10-22 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predict and Surveil offers an unprecedented, inside look at how police use big data and new surveillance technologies. Sarah Brayne conducted years of fieldwork with the LAPD--one of the largest and most technically advanced law enforcement agencies in the world-to reveal the unmet promises and very real perils of police use of data--driven surveillance and analytics.
Download or read book Crime Analysis written by Marjorie Kravitz and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography on Crime Forecasting and Related Topics written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice written by Ronet D. Bachman and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2019-12-31 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors are proud sponsors of the 2020 SAGE Keith Roberts Teaching Innovations Award—enabling graduate students and early career faculty to attend the annual ASA pre-conference teaching and learning workshop. Fundamentals of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice introduces students to the multifaceted subject of research methods and shows them why research is important in the field. This brief version of Ronet D. Bachman and Russell K. Schutt’s best-selling The Practice of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice simplifies complex concepts with real-world research examples found in everyday experiences in the criminology and criminal justice professions. The thoroughly revised Fifth Edition retains its celebrated strengths while breaking new ground with coverage of recently popular research methods and contemporary research findings. Included with this title: The password-protected Instructor Resource Site (formally known as SAGE Edge) offers access to all text-specific resources, including a test bank and editable, chapter-specific PowerPoint® slides.
Download or read book Snapshots of Research written by Richard D. Hartley and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2010-10-20 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immerse your students in contemporary and classic scholarly research and readings from the major branches of the criminal justice system This text/reader is a comprehensive, cutting-edge overview of the main research methods used in the fields of criminology and criminal justice. Snapshots of Research offers a wide range of modern research examples, as well as several classic articles, including a broad range of readings from the four major branches of the criminal justice system—policing, courts/law, juvenile justice, and corrections—that are relevant to career paths students may be interested in pursuing.
Download or read book Artificial Intelligence Computational Modelling and Criminal Proceedings written by Serena Quattrocolo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-27 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses issues relating to the application of AI and computational modelling in criminal proceedings from a European perspective. Part one provides a definition of the topics. Rather than focusing on policing or prevention of crime – largely tackled by recent literature – it explores ways in which AI can affect the investigation and adjudication of crime. There are two main areas of application: the first is evidence gathering, which is addressed in Part two. This section examines how traditional evidentiary law is affected by both new ways of investigation – based on automated processes (often using machine learning) – and new kinds of evidence, automatically generated by AI instruments. Drawing on the comprehensive case law of the European Court of Human Rights, it also presents reflections on the reliability and, ultimately, the admissibility of such evidence. Part three investigates the second application area: judicial decision-making, providing an unbiased review of the meaning, benefits, and possible long-term effects of ‘predictive justice’ in the criminal field. It highlights the prediction of both violent behaviour, or recidivism, and future court decisions, based on precedents. Touching on the foundations of common law and civil law traditions, the book offers insights into the usefulness of ‘prediction’ in criminal proceedings.
Download or read book Socio Economic Applications of Geographic Information Science written by David Kidner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-12-05 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To date, no one volume in the Innovations in GIS series has been given over to solely highlighting the use of up-to-date GIS-based techniques in a range of socio-economic applications. This monograph redresses this gap. The book begins with a short introductory chapter on the fundamental principles of GIS, followed by an examination of recen
Download or read book Proactive Policing written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in policing that began to emerge in the 1960s because of social unrest, rising crime rates, and growing skepticism regarding the effectiveness of standard approaches to policing. In response, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, innovative police practices and policies that took a more proactive approach began to develop. This report uses the term "proactive policing" to refer to all policing strategies that have as one of their goals the prevention or reduction of crime and disorder and that are not reactive in terms of focusing primarily on uncovering ongoing crime or on investigating or responding to crimes once they have occurred. Proactive policing is distinguished from the everyday decisions of police officers to be proactive in specific situations and instead refers to a strategic decision by police agencies to use proactive police responses in a programmatic way to reduce crime. Today, proactive policing strategies are used widely in the United States. They are not isolated programs used by a select group of agencies but rather a set of ideas that have spread across the landscape of policing. Proactive Policing reviews the evidence and discusses the data and methodological gaps on: (1) the effects of different forms of proactive policing on crime; (2) whether they are applied in a discriminatory manner; (3) whether they are being used in a legal fashion; and (4) community reaction. This report offers a comprehensive evaluation of proactive policing that includes not only its crime prevention impacts but also its broader implications for justice and U.S. communities.
Download or read book Artificial Intelligence Tools and Applications in Embedded and Mobile Systems written by Jorge Marx Gómez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Desistance from Crime written by Michael Rocque and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-25 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents a brief treatise on the theory and research behind the concept of desistance from crime. This ever-growing field has become increasingly relevant as questions of serious issues regarding sentencing, probation and the penal system continue to go unanswered. Rocque covers the history of research on desistance from crime and provides a discussion of research and theories on the topic before looking towards the future of the application of desistance to policy. The focus of the volume is to provide an overview of the practical and theoretical developments to better understand desistance. In addition, a multidisciplinary, integrative theoretical perspective is presented, ensuring that it will be of particular interest for students and scholars of criminology and the criminal justice system.
Download or read book The Project Share Collection 1976 1979 written by Project Share and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
