Download or read book The CRF Signal written by Jay Schulkin and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-04 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information molecules, such as Cortico-Releasing Factor (CRF), are ancient and widely distributed across diverse organs, playing various regulatory roles. CRF has been associated with a range of human conditions, including fear and anxiety, social contact, and most recently, addiction – in particular the euphoric feelings associated with alcohol consumption. Since its original discovery, research has unearthed that the role of this molecule is much broader than first thought. The scientific community now knows that CRF is a dynamic and diversely widespread peptide hormone that plays many roles and has many functions, in addition to its role as a releasing factor in the brain. This book explores the role of CRF, examining the relationship between location and function. It considers recurrent features that are linked to CRF - movement and change. CRF expression in regions of the brain is tied to paying attention to novel events and invoking movement in response to those events. Indeed, CRF provokes simple organized rhythmic behavior and can be mobilized under diverse conditions, including adversity. Examining the evolutionary origins of CRH, its neural functions, and its role in a variety of human characteristics and social behaviors, this book provides unique insights into CRF, and will be of interest to students and researchers in Neuroscience, Psychology, and Biology.

Download or read book Hormone Action and Signal Transduction in Endocrine Physiology and Disease written by László Hunyady and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-10-30 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Download or read book Hormonal Signaling in Biology and Medicine written by Gerald Litwack and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-10-24 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hormonal Signaling in Biology and Medicine: Comprehensive Modern Endocrinology covers the endocrine secretions produced by every organ. This extensive collection of knowledge is organized by tissue, addressing how certain hormones are synthesized in multiple tissues, along with their structure, function and pathways, which are very applicable for researchers in drug design who need to focus on a specific step along the pathway. This is a must have reference for researchers in endocrinology and practicing endocrinologists, but it is also ideal for biochemists, pharmacologists, biologists and students. - Serves as a valuable desk reference for researchers - Provides information on the structure of a given hormone, its receptor(s), and the pathways that become activated - Includes extensive citations to the literature that will enable the reader to dig more deeply into the effects of a given hormone

Download or read book The CRF Signal written by Jay Schulkin and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Information molecules such as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) are ancient and widely distributed across diverse organs. The scientific community is beginning to realize that CRF is a dynamic and diversely widespread peptide hormone (e.g. placenta) with many functions (parturtion, metamorphosis, circadian rhythmicity) beyond acting as a releasing factor in the brain. Indeed, CRF has been associated with a range of states of the brain, including fear and anxiety, social contact, and incentive salence and addiction. Examining the evolutionary origins of CRF, its diverse endocrine and neural functions, this book provides insights into CRF that will be of interest to students and researchers in the biological, medical and behavioral sciences."--Page 4 of cover.

Download or read book Modelling Biomedical Signals written by Giuseppe Nardulli and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2002-05-24 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last few years, concepts and methodologies initially developed in physics have found high applicability in many different areas. This book, a result of cross-disciplinary interaction among physicists, biologists and physicians, covers several topics where methods and approaches rooted in physics are successfully applied to analyze and to model biomedical data. Included are papers on physiological rhythms and synchronization phenomena, gene expression patterns, the immune system, decision support systems in medical science, protein folding and protein crystallography. The volume can be used as a valuable reference for graduate students and researchers at the interface of physics, biology and medicine.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in:• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)

Download or read book Brain Gut Interactions written by Yvette Tache and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-02-22 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain-Gut Interactions serves as a reference source and stimulus for expanded research efforts aimed at unravelling the pathophysiology of brain-gut interactions. Within the general framework of brain-gut interactions, it covers the various areas in which this growing interdisciplinary field has evolved. Topics discussed in this volume include the topography and morphology of afferent and efferent connections between the gut and the medulla and hypothalamic nuclei, the role of afferent and efferent pathways in the regulation of gastrointestinal function, the brain's regulation of gastrointestinal secretory and motor function, and the function of peripheral and central cholecystokinin in the mechanisms of satiety. The final section of this book focuses on topics such as stress, emesis, visceral pain, and brain-related disorders of the intestine based on experimental and clinical data. Students and investigators working with brain-gut interactions, gastroenterologists, psychologists, and psychiatrists will find this book to be an essential reference resource.

Download or read book Trafficking of GPCRs written by Guangyu Wu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-06-05 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest superfamily of cell surface receptors that regulate a variety of cell functions. Over the past few decades great progress has been made in defining the roles of intracellular trafficking in controlling the functionality of the receptors as well as in the development of various human diseases. This volume of Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science reviews the recent understanding of GPCR trafficking regulators and molecular mechanisms. - Written by future leaders in the pain field - Covers a wide range of targets - Contains provocative ideas about GPCR trafficking

Download or read book Sensing the Environment Regulation of Local and Global Homeostasis by the Skin s Neuroendocrine System written by Andrzej T. Slominski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-02 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The skin, the body’s largest organ, is strategically located at the interface with the external environment where it detects, integrates and responds to a diverse range of stressors, including solar radiation. It has already been established that the skin is an important peripheral neuroendocrine-immune organ that is closely networked with central regulatory systems. These capabilities contribute to the maintenance of peripheral homeostasis. Specifically, epidermal and dermal cells produce and respond to classical stress neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and hormones, production which is stimulated by ultraviolet radiation (UVR), biological factors (infectious and non-infectious) and other physical and chemical agents. Examples of local biologically active products are cytokines, biogenic amines (catecholamines, histamine, serotonin and N-acetyl-serotonin), melatonin, acetylocholine, neuropeptides including pituitary (proopiomelanocortin-derived ACTH, b-endorphin or MSH peptides, thyroid stimulating hormone) and hypothalamic (corticotropin-releasing factor and related urocortins, thyroid-releasing hormone) hormones, as well as enkephalins and dynorphins, thyroid hormones, steroids (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, sex hormones, 7-δ steroids), secosteroids, opioids and endocannabinoids. The production of these molecules is hierarchical, organized along the algorithms of classical neuroendocrine axes such as the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA), hypothalamic-thyroid axis (HPT), serotoninergic, melatoninergic, catecholaminergic, cholinergic, steroid/secosteroidogenic, opioid and endocannabinoid systems. Disruptions of these axes or of communication between them may lead to skin and/or systemic diseases. These local neuroendocrine networks also serve to limit the effect of noxious environmental agents to preserve local and consequently global homeostasis. Moreover, the skin-derived factors/systems can also activate cutaneous nerve endings to alert the brain to changes in the epidermal or dermal environments, or alternatively to activate other coordinating centers by direct (spinal cord) neurotransmission without brain involvement. Furthermore, rapid and reciprocal communications between epidermal and dermal and adnexal compartments are also mediated by neurotransmission including antidromic modes of conduction. Lastly, skin cells and the skin as an organ coordinate and/or regulate not only peripheral but also global homeostasis.

Download or read book Metabolism and Behavior in the Corticotropin Releasing Factor Family of Peptides written by James A. Carr and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-08-03 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nothing provided

Download or read book Amyloid and Related Disorders written by Maria M. Picken and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2015-08-17 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this text presents an overview of the most recent developments in this area including clinical presentation, etiology, pathogenesis, and differential diagnosis. The rationale for various therapies, including transplantation, is discussed and tissue diagnosis (its pitfalls and strategies for avoiding them) and laboratory support are included. The involvement of all major organ systems including renal/genitourinary, cardiac, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, peripheral nerve/central nervous system, soft tissue, skin, lymph node/spleen and bone marrow pathology is also covered. Amyloid and Related Disorders, Second Edition will be invaluable to specialized and general pathologists as well as cytopathologists. Other medical professionals may also benefit from this concise update on the systemic amyloidoses.

Download or read book G Protein Coupled Receptor Dimers written by Katharine Herrick-Davis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-31 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are believed to be the largest family of membrane proteins involved in signal transduction and cellular responses. They dimerize (form a pair of macromolecules) with a wide variety of other receptors. The proposed book will provide a comprehensive overview of GPCR dimers, starting with a historical perspective and including, basic information about the different dimers, how they synthesize, their signaling properties, and the many diverse physiological processes in which they are involved. In addition to presenting information about healthy GPCR dimer activity, the book will also include a section on their pathology and therapeutic potentials.

Download or read book Inflammatory Mechanisms in Mediating Hearing Loss written by Vickram Ramkumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Common forms of preventable hearing loss are drug and noise-induced hearing loss which are believed to be produced by a similar mechanism. The generation of reactive oxygen species appears to be a common mechanism mediating hearing loss produced by these different sources. As such, a number of laboratories have focused their research towards identifying the sources of ROS production in the cochlea following administration of chemotherapeutic agents or noise exposure. This led to the identification of ROS generating enzymes, such as xanthine oxidases, nitric oxide synthase, and NADPH oxidases which are activated and/or induced during the development of hearing loss. A consequence of these findings was the implementation of antioxidants in preclinical studies for the treatment of hearing loss. These antioxidants have provided different levels of protection in animal and human studies, but none of these have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hearing loss. More recently, it was shown that noise-induced hearing loss was associated with recruitment of inflammatory cells and mediators in the cochlea. This finding would suggest that noise could produce injury to the cochlea which stimulates local and/or circulating inflammatory cells. A similar finding was observed in the cochlea following administration of the anticancer drug, cisplatin. In addition, our laboratory and others have provided a plausible mechanism by which noise or chemotherapeutic agents could stimulate the inflammatory response. Surprisingly, this mechanism involves ROS activation of transcription factors linked to inflammatory processes in the cochlea. These studies have led to the use of anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of hearing loss. Preliminary studies targeting inflammatory cytokines appear especially promising in preclinical studies. A primary goal of this project is to describe our current understanding of the oxidant hypothesis of noise and drug-induced hearing loss and show how this relates to cochlear inflammation. Several different aspects of the cochlear inflammatory process will be discussed in detail, ranging from the sources of inflammatory cells, chemokines, inflammatory cytokines, and cochlea resident immune cells. Molecular pathways leading to activation of the local inflammatory process will be highlighted and treatment options will be discussed. The relevance of certain clinically used anti-inflammatory interventions, such as trans-typmanic steroids will also be discussed. Furthermore, we will examine recent patents focusing on the use of anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of drug and noise-induced hearing loss.

Download or read book Biology of Stress in Fish written by Carl B. Schreck and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-01 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology of Stress in Fish: Fish Physiology provides a general understanding on the topic of stress biology, including most of the recent advances in the field. The book starts with a general discussion of stress, providing answers to issues such as its definition, the nature of the physiological stress response, and the factors that affect the stress response. It also considers the biotic and abiotic factors that cause variation in the stress response, how the stress response is generated and controlled, its effect on physiological and organismic function and performance, and applied assessment of stress, animal welfare, and stress as related to model species. - Provides the definitive reference on stress in fish as written by world-renowned experts in the field - Includes the most recent advances and up-to-date thinking about the causes of stress in fish, their implications, and how to minimize the negative effects - Considers the biotic and abiotic factors that cause variation in the stress response

Download or read book Stress Science written by George Fink and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-04-06 with total page 811 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stress is a universal phenomenon that impacts adversely on most people. This volume provides a readily accessible compendium that explains the phenomenon of stress, the neural, endocrine and molecular mechanisms involved, the clinical effects, and the impact on individuals and society. Clinical attention focuses on disorders of the stress control system (e.g. Cushing's Syndrome: Addison's Disease) and the adverse impact of stress on human physical and mental health . Detailed reviews address disorders such as PTSD, anxiety, major depression, psychoses and related disorders such as combat fatigue and burnout. The work covers interactions between stress and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as stress-immune-inflammatory interactions in relation to cancer and autoimmune and viral diseases. Emphasis is also placed on the role of stress in obesity, hypertension, diabetes type II and other features of the metabolic syndrome which has now reached epidemic proportions in the USA and other countries. - Chapters offer impressive scope with topics addressing animal studies, disaster, diurnal rhythms, drug effects and treatments, cognition and emotion, physical illness, psychopathology, immunology and inflammation, lab studies and tests, and psychological / biochemical / genetic aspects - Richly illustrated with over 200 figures, 75 in color - Priced affordably, this compendium of articles appeals to the end user interested in stress research who would not otherwise purchase the larger Encyclopedia of Stress - Articles carefully selected by one of the world's most preeminent stress researchers and contributors represent the most outstanding scholarship in the field, with each chapter providing fully vetted and reliable expert knowledge

Download or read book Handbook of Stress and the Brain Part 1 The Neurobiology of Stress written by Thomas Steckler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-02-25 with total page 857 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Stress and the Brain focuses on the impact of stressful events on the functioning of the central nervous system; how stress affects molecular and cellular processes in the brain, and in turn, how these brain processes determine our perception of and reactivity to, stressful challenges - acutely and in the long-run. Written for a broad scientific audience, the Handbook comprehensively reviews key principles and facts to provide a clear overview of the interdisciplinary field of stress. The work aims to bring together the disciplines of neurobiology, physiology, immunology, psychology and psychiatry, to provide a reference source for both the non-clinical and clinical expert, as well as serving as an introductory text for novices in this field of scientific inquiry.Part 1 addresses basic aspects of the neurobiology of the stress response including the involvement of neuropeptide, neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter systems and its corollaries regarding gene expression and behavioural processes such as cognition, motivation and emotionality.* Provides an overview of recent advances made in stress research* Includes timely discussion of stress and its effect on the immune system* Presents novel treatment strategies targeting brain processes involved in stress processing and coping mechanisms

Download or read book Issues in Biochemistry and Biomaterials 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 2075 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Biochemistry and Biomaterials / 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Biochemistry and Biomaterials. The editors have built Issues in Biochemistry and Biomaterials: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Biochemistry and Biomaterials in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Biochemistry and Biomaterials / 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Systems Theory and Biology written by Mihajlo D. Mesarovic and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By J OHN A. HRONES Provost, Case Institute 0/ Technology SYSTEMS have been the subject of man's study for many hundreds of years. Thus, the solar system has been the concern of the astronomer. The study of the allocation of material and human resources within the boundaries of an industrial firm or a government has been the concern of the economist. The subject of such studies have been widely known as economic systems. Medieal men have worked with the human body. Thus, man has attempted to deal with a complicated array of interconnected elements since the very earliest of recorded time. In his attcmpt to improve his understanding of physieal systems the need to concentrate on a specific kind of system, e.g., the solar system. the human body, became more imperative. However in recent years there has begun to grow and develop an increasing number of people who are working on thc development of general systems theory and analysis. Such a development is based upon the belief that certain view points, certain kinds of mathematics and technologieal procedures can be applied to a wide variety of important systems with considerable profit. The pres sures for the development of such a body of knowledge grew with the de velopment of a technologieal socicty.