Download or read book The Creation of Antibacterial Fibres Through Physical Adsorption of Polyelectrolytes written by Josefin Illergard and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contact-active antibacterial surfaces with irreversibly attached antibacterial com-pounds are a sustainable alternative to traditional biocides. No chemicals are released into nature and the antibacterial mechanism reduces the risk of the evolution of re-sistant bacteria. However, the preparation of such surfaces is far from sustainable, as organic solvents and harsh reaction conditions commonly are required. An alter-native option is to use polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM), based on physical ad-sorption, which can be performed in water-based solutions at room temperature. Although contact-active antibacterial PEMs have been reported previously, this is the first study of renewable cellulosic wood fibres. The build-up of cationic polymer polyvinylamine (PVAm) and anionic polyacrylic acid (PAA) multilayers on model surfaces was studied to optimise adsorption. The amount of adsorbed polyelectrolytes was continuously growing with increasing number of layers, but remained dense and flat as the number of layers increased. The largest adsorption was obtained at a high salt concentration, which shielded the repulsion between the polymers. Model surfaces were also used to evaluate the influence of the polymer and number of layers on the antibacterial properties. Multilayers on model surfaces showed a low bacteriostatic effect, with up to approximately 40 % inhibition for 3 layers of un-modified PVAm/PAA. In contrast, when the same multilayers were applied on cel-lulosic fibres, bacterial-growth inhibition of > 99.9% was obtained. Hydrophobically modified PVAm did not yield better results, despite being superior in solution. An increase in fibre charge by fibre oxidation led to the largest amount of adsorbed pol-ymer and the best antibacterial properties, an effect that lasted for weeks. (...).

Download or read book Pulp Production and Processing written by Valentin Popa and published by Smithers Rapra. This book was released on 2013-09-23 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellulose represents the most widely spread organic polymer found in nature and it was used for a long time as a raw material for paper, textiles, film and flexible packing material. Due to its accessibility in huge amounts by photosynthesis process as a renewable material, cellulose is considered at present the answer to many problems connected with sustainable development. This explains the great scientific interest for this compound along with a lot of preoccupations to systematize the accumulated information in reviews and books. This book will present the aspects of cellulose obtaining in the correleation with its integration in a new concept of biorefining. Thus usual technological steps of pulp manufacture (pulping, bleaching) will be continued with chemistry charactersitics of by-products and their utilization, fiber characterization for paper obtaining, cellulose derivatives and special products resulted in cellulose processing (beads and microspheres, micro-and nano-structures, fibers production, their antibacterial properties, optical functional film, and hydrogen). This extensive book should prove to be a very useful tool for scientists, students and postgraduates working in the field of pulp, paper and cellulose derivatives aiming at opening a new era for renewable resources processed by biorefining.

Download or read book Tailoring Fibre and Paper Properties Using Physical Adsorption of Polyelectrolytes written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-09-01 with total page 2069 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering, Three Volume Set is a unique source for rapidly evolving updates on topics that are at the interface of the biological sciences and engineering. Biomaterials, biomedical devices and techniques play a significant role in improving the quality of health care in the developed world. The book covers an extensive range of topics related to biomedical engineering, including biomaterials, sensors, medical devices, imaging modalities and imaging processing. In addition, applications of biomedical engineering, advances in cardiology, drug delivery, gene therapy, orthopedics, ophthalmology, sensing and tissue engineering are explored. This important reference work serves many groups working at the interface of the biological sciences and engineering, including engineering students, biological science students, clinicians, and industrial researchers. Provides students with a concise description of the technologies at the interface of the biological sciences and engineering Covers all aspects of biomedical engineering, also incorporating perspectives from experts working within the domains of biomedicine, medical engineering, biology, chemistry, physics, electrical engineering, and more Contains reputable, multidisciplinary content from domain experts Presents a ‘one-stop’ resource for access to information written by world-leading scholars in the field

Download or read book Pulp and Paper Industry written by Pratima Bajpai and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-09-27 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulp and Paper Industry: Nanotechnology in Forest Industry covers the latest scientific and technical advances in the area of nanotechnology in forest sector providing information on recent developments, structure and properties, raw materials and methods for the production of nanocellulose along with their characterization and application in various industries with an analysis of both challenges and opportunities with respect to environmentally sound technologies and consumer concerns such as health effects. Also identifies the key barriers to innovation, and the breakthroughs required to make nanocellulosic materials viable alternatives in the important sectors. - Thorough review of the evolution and development of different types of nanocelluloses - In-depth coverage of preparation and characterization of nanocellulose - Use of nanocellulose materials in a wide range of applications - Commercial and precommercial developments - Challenges and opportunities of nanocellulose market - Identifies the key barriers to innovation, and the breakthroughs required to make nanocellulosic materials viable alternatives in the important sectors

Download or read book Polysaccharides written by Kishan Gopal Ramawat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative reference work presents comprehensive information about one of the most important and most wide-spread classes of (bio)organic compounds: the polysaccharides. The comprehensive and thoroughly up-to-date handbook presents the sources, identification, analysis, biosynthesis, biotechnology and applications of important polysaccharides likes starches, cellulose, chitin, gum and microbial polysaccharides. Polysaccharides can exhibit complex structure and various functional activities. These bio macromolecules can therefore serve as raw materials for various different materials, e.g. rayon, cellulose acetate, celluloid and nitrocellulose; and they find multiple applications, for instance as surgical threads (chitin), as sources of energy, dietary fibers, as blood flow adjuvants, in cosmetics, emulsion stabilizers, film formers, binders, viscosity increasing agents or skin conditioning agenta, as food additives in gums, chewing gum bases and as vaccines. Polysaccharides form the basis for useful products, like xanthan gum, dextran, welan gum, gellan gum, diutan gum and pullulan. Some of the polysaccharide-derived products have interesting and useful properties and show biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anti-mutagenic, radioprotective, anti-oxidative, anti-ulcer, antidepressant, anti-septicaemic or anti-inflammatory activities. All these applications and properties of polysaccharides are for the first time compiled in a thorough and comprehensive overview in the present work. This reference work is organized thematically in four parts: Part I. Polysaccharides: Occurrence, Structure, Distribution and Biotechnology. Part II. Methods. Part III. Bioactive Polysaccharides. Part IV. Polysaccharides as Food. This reference work is edited by experienced experts, all chapters are written by well recognized international specialists. It is useful to all those working in the field of botany, phytochemistry, pharmacy, drug delivery, molecular biology, metabolomics, forestry, environment, conservation, biotechnology and NGOs working for forest protection.

Download or read book Antimicrobial Dressings written by Raju Khan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-02-10 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antimicrobial Dressings: The Wound Care Applications explores the literature surrounding the catalytic behavior of proteolytic enzymes immobilized together with nanoparticles. As numerous applications using proteolytic enzymes for debridement, silver as antibiotic and nanoparticles for enzyme immobilization were developed in the last years, this book explores interdisciplinary information combining nanotechnology, biotechnology and medicine and how it's still in early stages. The book adopts a holistic approach in a lifecycle context to evaluate their final feasibility, including industrial exploitability without disregard of the potential risks of enzymes and nanomaterials to human health and the environment. - Describes the drawback of using unstable enzymes in wound debridement such as infections, irritations, low availability, rapid elimination from the body, and impossibility of creating a high local concentration of the preparation without increasing its systemic concentration - Provides information on higher efficient antimicrobial property and enzyme stability using nanoparticles as carriers for enzyme immobilization due to minimum diffusional limitation, maximum surface area per unit mass, and high enzyme loading - Discusses the physical characteristics of the nanoparticles through multilayer polyelectrolytes encasing, such as diffusion and particle mobility that will influence the catalytic activity, pH and thermal stability of attached enzymes

Download or read book Multilayer Thin Films written by Gero Decher and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-06-11 with total page 1157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second, comprehensive edition of the pioneering book in this fi eld has been completely revised and extended, now stretching to two volumes. The result is a comprehensive summary of layer-by-layer assembled, truly hybrid nanomaterials and thin fi lms, covering organic, inorganic, colloidal, macromolecular, and biological components, as well as the assembly of nanoscale fi lms derived from them on surfaces. These two volumes are essential for anyone working in the field, as well as scientists and researchers active in materials development, who needs the key knowledge provided herein for linking the field of molecular self-assembly with the bio- and materials sciences.

Download or read book Green Biopolymers and their Nanocomposites written by Dhorali Gnanasekaran and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-06 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises a collection of chapters on green biopolymer nanocomposites. The book discusses the preparation, properties, and applications of different types of biodegradable polymers. An overview of recent advances in the fabrication of biopolymers nanocomposites from a variety of sources, including organic and inorganic nanomaterials, is presented. The book highlights the importance and impact of eco-friendly green nanocomposites, both environmentally and economically. The contents of this book will prove useful for students, researchers, and professionals working in the field of nanocomposites and green technology.

Download or read book Advances in Nanocomposite Technology written by Abbass A. Hashim and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-07-27 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book "Advances in Nanocomposite Technology" contains 16 chapters divided in three sections. Section one, "Electronic Applications", deals with the preparation and characterization of nanocomposite materials for electronic applications and studies. In section two, "Material Nanocomposites", the advanced research of polymer nanocomposite material and polymer-clay, ceramic, silicate glass-based nanocomposite and the functionality of graphene nanocomposites is presented. The Human and Bioapplications section is describing how nanostructures are synthesized and draw attention on wide variety of nanostructures available for biological research and treatment applications. We believe that this book offers broad examples of existing developments in nanocomposite technology research and an excellent introduction to nanoelectronics, nanomaterial applications and bionanocomposites.

Download or read book Biological and Biomedical Coatings Handbook written by Sam Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-05-24 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written in a versatile, contemporary style that will benefit both novice and expert alike, Biological and Biomedical Coatings Handbook, Two-Volume Set covers the state of the art in the development and implementation of advanced thin films and coatings in the biological field. Consisting of two volumes-Processing and Characterization and Applicatio

Download or read book Nanotechnological Approaches in Food Microbiology written by Sanju Bala Dhull and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-27 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology has gained attention in all aspects of modern science, having vital applications in the food chain, storage, quality monitoring, processing, preservation, and packaging. The global population is increasing rapidly, therefore there is a requirement to produce food products in a more proficient, non-toxic, and sustainable way. Food scientists and microbiologists are interested in food safety and quality assurance to produce excellent-quality food free of food pathogens Nanotechnological Approaches in Food Microbiology provides a systematic introduction and comprehensive information about practical approaches and characteristic features related to the significant applications of nanotechnology in food microbiology, including, nano-starch films, nanoemulsions, biogenic nanoparticles, and nanocapsules. The book will explore details about metal nanoparticle synthesis, characterization, mathematical modeling, kinetic studies, and their antimicrobial approaches. Key Features: Includes comprehensive knowledge on metal nanoparticle synthesis, characterization, mathematical modeling, kinetic studies and their antimicrobial approaches Lays out concepts of essential oil nanoemulsion and their potential antimicrobial applications Deals with the latest development in nano-starch composite biofilms containing bioactive constituents to inhibit pathogenic microbes Explores the nanocapsules as potential antimicrobial agents in food. Provides information regarding new biogenic nano-antimicrobials developed for the food safety and quality assurance This book will educate readers on the aspects of nanotechnology in food safety and quality assurance. Nanoemulsions, nanohydrogels, metal nanoparticles, nano-starch films, nanocapsules and nano-antimicrobials are the emerging essentials of nanotechnology that are used to preserve the food at greater extent. This book should be of interest to a large and varied audience of researchers in academia, industry, food processing, preservation, packaging, microbiology and policy regulations.

Download or read book Antimicrobials in Food written by P. Michael Davidson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-10 with total page 827 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifteen years have passed since the 3rd edition of Antimicrobials in Food was published. It was arguably considered the "must-have" reference for those needing information on chemical antimicrobials used in foods. In the years since the last edition, the food industry has undergone radical transformations because of changes on several fronts. Reported consumer demands for the use of "natural" and "clean-label" antimicrobials have increased significantly. The discovery of new foodborne pathogen niches and potentially hazardous foods, along with a critical need to reduce food spoilage waste, has increased the need for suitable antimicrobial compounds or systems. Novel natural antimicrobials continue to be discovered, and new research has been carried out on traditional compounds. These and other related issues led the editors to develop the 4th edition of Antimicrobials in Food. In the 4th edition, the editors have compiled contemporary topics with information synthesized from internationally recognized authorities in their fields. In addition to updated information, new chapters have been added in this latest release with content on the use of bacteriophages, lauric arginate ester, and various systems for antimicrobial encapsulation and delivery. Comprehensive revisions of landmark chapters in previous editions including naturally occurring antimicrobials from both animal and plant sources, methods for determining antimicrobial activity, new approaches to multifactorial food preservation or "hurdle technology," and mechanisms of action, resistance, and stress adaptation are included. Complementing these topics is new information on quantifying the capability of "clean" antimicrobials for food preservation when compared to traditional food preservatives and industry considerations when antimicrobials are evaluated for use in food manufacture. Features Covers all food antimicrobials, natural and synthetic, with the latest research on each type Contains 5,000+ references on every conceivable food antimicrobial Guides in the selection of appropriate additives for specific food products Includes innovations in antimicrobial delivery technologies and the use of multifactorial food preservation with antimicrobials

Download or read book Polyelectrolytes written by Visakh P. M. and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-03 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a valuable reference source to graduate and post graduate students, engineering students, research scholars polymer engineers from industry. The book provides the reader with current developments of theoretical models describing the thermodynamics polyelectrolytes as well as experimental findings. A particular emphasis is put on the rheological description of polyelectrolyte solutions and hydrogels.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Surface and Colloid Science written by P. Somasundaran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Renewable and Sustainable Materials written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-01-09 with total page 4238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Renewable and Sustainable Materials, Five Volume Set provides a comprehensive overview, covering research and development on all aspects of renewable, recyclable and sustainable materials. The use of renewable and sustainable materials in building construction, the automotive sector, energy, textiles and others can create markets for agricultural products and additional revenue streams for farmers, as well as significantly reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, manufacturing energy requirements, manufacturing costs and waste. This book provides researchers, students and professionals in materials science and engineering with tactics and information as they face increasingly complex challenges around the development, selection and use of construction and manufacturing materials. Covers a broad range of topics not available elsewhere in one resource Arranged thematically for ease of navigation Discusses key features on processing, use, application and the environmental benefits of renewable and sustainable materials Contains a special focus on sustainability that will lead to the reduction of carbon emissions and enhance protection of the natural environment with regard to sustainable materials

Download or read book Polylactic Acid Based Nanocellulose and Cellulose Composites written by Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-04-20 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polylactic Acid-Based Nanocellulose and Cellulose Composites offers a comprehensive account of the methods for the synthesis, characterization, processing, and applications of these advanced materials. This book fills a gap in the literature as the only currently available book on this topic. This book: Describes the procedures for the extraction of cellulose materials from different sources and characterization methods adopted for analyzing their properties Covers properties, processing, and applications of PLA biocomposites made using the extracted cellulose Discusses the effect of reinforcement of cellulose on the biopolymer matrix and the enhancement of biopolymer properties Examines current status, challenges, and future outlook in biocomposite research and applications The book serves as a reference for researchers, scientists, and advanced students in polymer science and engineering and materials science who are interested in cellulose polymer composites and their applications.