Download or read book The Costs of Taxation and the Marginal Cost of Funds written by Mr.Joel Slemrod and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-08-01 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is argued that taxation causes three kinds of deadweight losses and two types of direct costs. The deadweight losses arise from substitution, evasion, and avoidance activities while the direct costs are administrative and compliance costs. Some of these social costs tend to be discontinuous and/or nonconvex. Because most models of taxation ignore some components of the social costs of taxation, their conclusions cannot be of a general nature. An alternative approach to policy evaluation is to rely on a marginal efficiency cost of funds rule which can indicate appropriate directions of reforms. The paper discusses its merits, applicability, and limitations, as well as its relationship to other concepts.
Download or read book Costs of Taxation and the Benefits of Public Goods written by Will Martin and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fact that raising taxes can increase taxed labor supply through income effects is frequently used to justify much lower measures of the marginal welfare cost of taxes and greater public good provision than indicated by traditional, compensated analyses. The authors confirm that this difference remains substantial with newer elasticity estimates, but show that either compensated or uncompensated measures of the marginal cost of funds can be used to evaluate the costs of taxation-and will provide the same result-as long as the income effects of both taxes and public good provision are incorporated in a consistent manner.
Download or read book The Costs of Taxation written by Alex Robson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argues that increasing income tax to supplement government spending is "costing us more in lost enterprise and effort than it is bringing us in added benefits." - foreword.
Download or read book Tax Policy written by United States. Government Accountability Office and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Costs of Taxation and the Benefits of Public Goods written by Will Martin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fact that raising taxes can increase taxed labor supply through income effects is frequently used to justify much lower measures of the marginal welfare cost of taxes and greater public good provision than indicated by traditional, compensated analyses. The authors confirm that this difference remains substantial with newer elasticity estimates, but show that either compensated or uncompensated measures of the marginal cost of funds can be used to evaluate the costs of taxation-and will provide the same result-as long as the income effects of both taxes and public good provision are incorporated in a consistent manner.
Download or read book Medical and Dental Expenses written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimates of Federal Tax Expenditures written by United States. Department of the Treasury and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Administrative and Compliance Costs of Taxation written by Cedric Thomas Sandford and published by Hyperion Books. This book was released on 1989 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tax policy written by United States. Government Accountability Office and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Costs of Tax Compliance written by Canadian Tax Foundation and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Costs of Taxation in the Presence of Inequality written by Åsmund Sunde Valseth and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides a new and improved measure of the marginal cost of public funds (MCF). It is based on a benchmark tax which is distributionally neutral and non-distortive. This is in contrast to the MCF-measure used in the previous literature, that has used the regressive uniform lump-sum tax as the benchmark. Our proposed MCF-measure more precisely accounts for the distributional aspects of public funding (the tax scheme) and makes a clear distinction between this and the distributional aspects of the public good considered. Compared to the previous literature, we find a higher MCF both in the case of a uniform lump-sum tax and in the case of distortive taxes. Due to its regressive distributional consequences, we find that the MCF of a uniform lump-sum tax is always greater than one when not combined with distortive taxes. Moreover, we find that the MCF could be greater than one also with an optimal combination of a uniform lump-sum tax and distortive taxes.
Download or read book The Optimal Size of Public Spending and the Distortionary Cost of Taxation written by Yew-Kwang Ng and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feldstein (1997) reviews his and others' contributions in the distortionary costs of taxation, arriving at a remarkable estimate that the cost per incremental dollar of government spending is a very high $2.65. Kaplow (1996) argues that it is optimal to supply a public good whenever the benefit/cost ratio exceeds one, contrary to the orthodox position since Pigou (1928) that the benefits of public goods must exceed their direct costs by an amount sufficient to outweigh the distortionary costs of taxation. This paper largely reconciles these two apparently opposing positions. The large distortionary costs exist on the revenue side but is largely offset by the negative distortionary costs or distributional gain on the spending side. However, both Kaplow's and Feldstein's arguments have to be subject to important qualifications. Additional arguments relevant to the central public finance question "How big should the public spending be?" are also reviewed. The prevalence of environmental disruption effects, the existence of burden-free taxes on diamond goods, and the importance of relative-income effects all favor the lowering of the required benefit/cost ratio for public goods and, as a rule, more public spending. The reason for the difference between the existence of distortion (in comparison to a lumpsum tax) as emphasized by Browning and Liu (1998) and the unitary marginal cost of public fund is also explained graphically.
Download or read book Understanding the tax reform debate background criteria questions written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Quiet Costs of Taxation Cash Taxes and Noncash Bases written by A.T. Hayashi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tax law gives relief to "illiquid" taxpayers, those with income or wealth but no cash. This relief results in revenue losses, creates opportunities for tax avoidance, and distorts economic decisions. And yet, we don't know how much hardship is actually created by illiquidity. This article provides a framework for determining the magnitude of that hardship. The framework reveals that the costs of selling property or borrowing money to pay taxes in cash are not the only costs borne by illiquid taxpayers; they may also have to make painful adjustments in their current consumption or retirement savings plans. These are the "quiet" costs of taxation. The author shows that illiquidity hardship can be quantified in dollar terms and thereby placed on the same scale as other considerations that go into the evaluation of tax law and policy, allowing it to be weighed in the balance and making it possible to identify the contexts in which it truly matters. He demonstrates that illiquidity hardship is a meaningful concern in the property tax context but is a weak justification for the "realization" requirement under federal income tax law.
Download or read book Making Money Matter written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-11-30 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States annually spends over $300 billion on public elementary and secondary education. As the nation enters the 21st century, it faces a major challenge: how best to tie this financial investment to the goal of high levels of achievement for all students. In addition, policymakers want assurance that education dollars are being raised and used in the most efficient and effective possible ways. The book covers such topics as: Legal and legislative efforts to reduce spending and achievement gaps. The shift from "equity" to "adequacy" as a new standard for determining fairness in education spending. The debate and the evidence over the productivity of American schools. Strategies for using school finance in support of broader reforms aimed at raising student achievement. This book contains a comprehensive review of the theory and practice of financing public schools by federal, state, and local governments in the United States. It distills the best available knowledge about the fairness and productivity of expenditures on education and assesses options for changing the finance system.
Download or read book Oregon Blue Book written by Oregon. Office of the Secretary of State and published by . This book was released on 1919 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Taxation of Costs in Federal Courts Classic Reprint written by Patrick H. Gunckel and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-03 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Taxation of Costs in Federal Courts This compilation of cases was not undertaken with a view to publication, but had its origin in an accumula tion of memoranda made from' time to time for use in presenting to the judges or clerks questions of costs be tween litigants, and its publication has resulted from the suggestion of members of the bar and clerks of court who desired copies of the compilation for their own use. The scope of the work is limited to such matters as are likely to have a bearing upon the determination of the questions, at the end of litigation, as to what items are recoverable as costs, and who shall pay them; and the effort has been to present, under familiar headings, comprehensive abstracts of or quotations from the rel evant cases; and within the field it covers, it is believed the compilation will be found a very convenient aid in arriving at the law upon the subjects treated. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
