Download or read book The Constitutionality and Effectiveness of Legislation Requiring Child Passenger Restraints written by Daniel John Regan and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report was prepared in anticipation of the Virginia General Assembly's consideration of proposals to require motorists to properly restrain their child passengers in safety devices. Three questions are discussed. First, are child restraint laws constitutional? Second, are the laws cost-effective? Third, which specific provisions tend to decrease costs and increase benefits ? Three theories which have been advanced to argue that law on the use of child restraints are constitutional were considered. Two of these are seriously flawed, but the third rests on precedents that have acknowledged the state's power to protect those incapable of protecting themselves. This third argument, paternalism, should be sufficient to find child restraint laws constitutional. The cost-effectiveness of child restraint legislation cannot be established empirically. The inadequacy of the literature can largely be traced to the immeasurability of the costs and benefits, and the lack of sufficient time to study the existing statutes. The two major costs imposed by child restraint legislation, enforcement costs and compliance costs, are easy to identify but hard to measure. The benefits of child restraint legislation, increased safety through increased use, are difficult to determine because it is unclear how many people will ignore the law or comply in ways that degrade the safety benefit. Moreover, any judgment on the cost-effectiveness of child restraint legislation inevitably hinges on a highly subjective evaluation of childhood death and injury. These difficulties are compounded by the fact that nine of the eleven existing laws were passed within the last year, leaving no time for careful analysis. Although absolute measures of the costs and benefits of legislation on the use of child restraints are unavailable, some states have sought to enhance their statutes' marginal effectiveness by adding provisions that decrease costs or increase benefits. These provisions were analyzed with particular attention to the role of statutory exemptions in reducing costs and the impact of public education and monetary incentives in increasing the use of restraints. Again, there was a lack of empirical evidence, and these provisions had to be analyzed inferentially and intuitively. In discussing the fate of child restraint legislation in Virginia, frequent reference is made to the eleven states that have passed child restraint statutes. The text of those statutes and a comparison of their various provisions appear in Appendix A.
Download or read book The Constitutionality and Effectiveness of Legislation Requiring Child Passenger Restraints written by D. J. Regan (Jr) and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Judicial Perspectives on Child Passenger Protection Legislation Final Report written by Julie S. Howard and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identifying Strategies to Improve the Effectiveness of Booster Seat Laws written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project was to identify strategies to improve the effectiveness of booster seat laws. The project explored the possible factors that relate to the use and nonuse of booster seats, and examined the attitudes of law enforcement officers and parents/caregivers concerning booster seat laws. As of June 2007, 38 States and the District of Columbia have included booster seat provisions in their child restraint laws. A recent NHTSA sponsored observational survey found 41% of children age 4 to 8 restrained in boosters. A literature review uncovered the following reasons that parents/caregivers do not restrain their children in boosters: misunderstanding of the law; underestimation of risk; lack of knowledge about the benefits of booster seats; and permissive parenting style. An observational study conducted in this project found a 9.1-percentage-point increase in the use of child safety seats and booster seats for children age 4 to 8 following enactment of an enhanced child restraint law (booster seat law). Barriers to the use and enforcement of booster seat laws were addressed in focus groups with parents/caregivers and law enforcement officers. Barriers included parent/caregiver ignorance of child restraint laws and low risk perception; lack of knowledge about the safety benefits of booster seats among the public, as well as among law enforcement officers and members of the courts; low threat of being ticketed for booster seat violations; and lack of commitment to child passenger safety (CPS) by law enforcement top management. Educational, enforcement, and legislative strategies were developed to improve the effectiveness of booster seat laws. The educational strategies are teaching parents/caregivers about best practices for restraint use and the risks of inappropriate restraint use; and identification of booster seat resources for low-income groups. The enforcement strategies include enlisting support for CPS activities from chiefs of police; training law enforcement officers and judges about CPS best practices and their State laws; high-visibility enforcement of child restraint laws; recording appropriate child restraint law violation data on citations; including law enforcement officers in publicity promoting booster seat laws and best practices; and use of fear appeals in CPS messages to increase parent/caregiver risk perception. Legislative strategies are enactment of booster seat laws in all States; strengthening of booster seat laws to meet best practices; and enactment of primary booster seat laws as well as primary seat belt laws.
Download or read book What Further Action Should New York State Take to Increase the Effectiveness of Its Child Restraint Law written by New York (State). Legislature. Legislative Commission on Critical Transportation Choices and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Summary Digest of Statutes Enacted and Resolutions Including Proposed Constitutional Amendments Adopted in and Statutory Record written by California and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volumes include: Statutory record.
Download or read book Papers on Child Restraints written by Susan C. Partyka and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Investigation of the Impact of Child Passenger Restraint Legislation and a Public Information and Education Program on Child Passenger Safety in Tennessee written by Randy L. Perry and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Illinois Child Passenger Restraint Law written by Robert David Spieler and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Child Passenger Protection Act of 2001 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book HRIS Abstracts written by National Research Council (U.S.). Highway Research Information Service and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Highway Safety Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impact of a Child Passenger Restraint Law and a Public Information and Education Program on Child Passenger Safety in Tennessee written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Highway Safety Literature written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Safety Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Transportation Safety Board examined the issue of child motor vehicle passenger protection through a series of 53 detailed investigations of accidents involving infants and small children, restrained and unrestrained; through a series of three regional public hearings; and through a review of the child passenger protection laws that had been enacted by 40 States and the District of Columbia as of mid-1983. The report uses accident cases to highlight crash consequences to unrestrained children and the often dramatic lifesaving and injury prevention benefits of child safety seats. Misuse of child safety seats is identified as a significant problem in accidents, and a need for special efforts to combat the misuse problem is identified. The report identifies limitations and loopholes in child passenger protection laws and concludes that a major problem is that virtually none of the 41 laws were designed to foster the transition of children from safety seat use to safety belt use. The report also calls attention to the need to implement and enforce child passenger protection laws effectively, and identifies areas for further research. Finally, the report identifies major elements for inclusion in effective child passenger protection laws.
Download or read book Safety of Child Passengers in Motor Vehicles written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on the Consumer and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Summary of Vehicle Occupant Protection Laws Fifth Edition Current as of January 1 2002 written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
