Download or read book The Cocoa Producer Price COCOBOD s Interventions in the Cocoa Sector written by Trades Union Congress and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The report provides an overview of the cocoa sector in Ghana. The focus is on cocoa pricing and COCOBOD's intervention in the sector. Cocoa farmers in Ghana have suffered some of the heaviest taxation ever recorded in history. The heavy taxation of cocoa was a colonial legacy that got reinforced in post-independent Ghana. By the early 1980s, cocoa farmers were receiving less than one-fifth of the cocoa export price. Naturally, this reduced farmers' motivation driving cocoa production into the ground. ... But most importantly, the pricing policies of COCOBOD and the Government of Ghana (GoG) have contributed to the impoverishment that has become the lots of cocoa farmers"--Pages 1-2
Download or read book Ghana s Cocoa Pricing Policy written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Price Incentive to Smuggle and the Cocoa Supply in Ghana 1950 96 written by Mr.Ales Bulir and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-06-01 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the early 1960s to the early 1980s, the officially recorded production of cocoa in Ghana declined by 60 percent. During the 1983–95 Economic Recovery Program, however, cocoa production doubled. Although these developments have inspired much empirical research, most of the studies have been unable to explain the medium-term persistence of cocoa output to remain below its estimated capacity level. The paper argues that the price incentive to smuggle can explain as much as one-half of the observed decline in output and the subsequent recovery. A cointegration analysis and a dynamic error-correction model of cocoa supply support the analysis.
Download or read book Cocoa and Coffee Pricing Policies in C te D Ivoire written by Takamasa Akiyama and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1988 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Facing increasingly tough international competition in coffee and cocoa markets, Côte d'Ivoire can increase export revenues from the two commodities 8 percent in 1995 and about 12 percent in 2000 by increasing coffee production and cutting back on the expansion in cocoa production.
Download or read book Cocoa Cycles written by François Ruf and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-06-30 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cyclical boom-to-recession nature of the economics of cocoa supply is a major problem for the international cocoa industry - and especially for countries whose economies depend on cocoa exports. Only through an understanding of the dynamics of cocoa cycles can policy decisions be made through the various phases of supply cycles. Based on a major international cocoa conference, this book presents seventeen edited papers from leading experts, making a major contribution to that understanding. It explains the powerful economic, social and political factors which impact on the cocoa economy. It shows the laws of cocoa supply are closely linked to environmental, ecological and institutional factors.
Download or read book The cocoa sector written by World Bank and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Export Tax and Pricing Power written by Mr.Alexei Kireyev and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper models export taxation of a primary commodity in a large country under two hypotheses about the structure of its export market. The first is perfect competition among exporters, where there is an indefinite number of buyers of the local product and at least a partial pass-through of international prices to local producers. The second is an oligopsony, a market structure in some low-income countries where numerous scattered local producers face a few powerful exporters that can influence domestic prices. For both hypotheses, export taxation can be justified on efficiency grounds only for the country that adopts the tax. Designed correctly, a low export tax may be welfare-enhancing for that country but will always be welfare-reducing for its trading partners. The models of export taxation for both hypotheses are calibrated for the illustrative case of cocoa exports from Côte d’Ivoire.
Download or read book Ghana s Cocoa Pricing Policy written by Merrill J. Bateman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ghana's cocoa production declined because of policies that overvalued the domestic currency and heavily taxed cocoa exports. A variable rate tax on cocoa (above the critical level) that increases and decreases with the world price would distribute the price risk between cocoa farmers and the rest of the society, stabilize cocoa farmers' real incomes, and let consumers share in windfall profits when world cocoa prices are high.
Download or read book Welfare and Poverty Impacts of Cocoa Price Policy Reform in Cote D Ivoire written by Roy Katayama and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cote d'Ivoire is the world's leading cocoa producer, supplying nearly 40 percent of world cocoa production. Developments in the cocoa sector can have significant implications for poverty reduction and shared prosperity given that the sector is a source of livelihood for about one-fifth of the population, as well as an important source of export and government revenues. Cocoa pricing has always been a major focus of public policy in the country, and in 2011 the government initiated a new round of cocoa sector reforms seeking to stimulate cocoa production and to secure the livelihoods of cocoa farmers through guaranteed minimum farm-gate prices. Policymakers will certainly like to know the likely impacts of this price policy reform on household welfare and poverty. This paper uses a nonparametric approach to policy incidence analysis to estimate the first-order effects of this policy reform. To assess the pro-poorness of the reform in cocoa pricing, variations in poverty induced by the policy are compared to a benchmark case. While increasing the cocoa farm-gate price has a potential to reduce poverty among cocoa farmers, it turns out that the increase in 2015-2016 translates into a relatively small drop in overall poverty. This variation is assessed to be weakly pro-poor. It is likely that this poverty impact can be amplified by additional policy interventions designed to address the key constraints facing the rural economy such as productivity constraints stemming from factors such as lack of relevant research and development, weak extension services, poor transportation and storage infrastructure, and generally poor provision of relevant public goods. Addressing these issues require a coherent policy framework that can be effectively implemented by accountable institutions to increase the role of agriculture as an engine of inclusive growth in Cote d'Ivoire.
Download or read book Study of Cocoa Production and Consumption Capacity written by International Cocoa Organization and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stability Export Taxation and Economic Development written by Ernest Pouemi Nzekio and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction; Review of literature; Welfare implication of price stabilization, a critical review of, and an extension of massel"s model; Cocoa producer response under uncertainty: the role of cocoa marketing boards and cocoa stabilization funds; Cocoa export taxation and economic development; Cocoa marketing boards and domestic stabilization in Nigeria, Ghana, Ivory-coast and cameroun; The fiscal role of the cocoa stabilization fund in cameroun, 1955-1967; Alternatives to export taxation as a main source of government revenues.
Download or read book Commodity Price Dynamics and Policy Intervention in the World Cocoa Market written by Diby Maximin Kouadio and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cocoa Production written by R. A. Lass and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cocoa is produced almost exclusively by developing nations in the tropics. Although it is in many ways a suitable crop for small farmers, yields are seriously reduced by several major pests and diseases. This paper identifies the major constraints, summarizes the present state of knowledge, and suggests priorities for research that would be expected to have the greatest impact at the farm level. Financial constraints and thus lack of continuity in research have hindered progress. The botany, historical development, social aspects, and environmental requirements of cocoa are covered. The agronomy section deals with rehabilitating old cocoa, the role of cocoa in farming systems, and the general husbandry of the crop. This is followed by discussion of cocoa physiology, and the relation of shade and nutritional requirements. There are both economic and social constraints to the adoption of more sophisticated farming systems by small farmers. Research is required to improve current chemical and phytosanitary control measures. While breeding for resistance is the ideal long-term solution, there are many difficulties. Pest management in cocoa is generally inadequate.
Download or read book Cooperation Or Confrontation written by Felix Maile and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production and consumption of raw materials such as coffee, cocoa and cotton have created extensive but unequal links between the Global North and Global South. The structure and governance of these links have changed over time, but have been determined mainly by a few multinational companies since the 1980s. Within global production networks, these companies trade these commodities or process them into intermediate and final products. At the same time, the unequal distribution of value added within the global commodity chains comes to the disadvantage of millions of small farmers in the Global South, whose income depends heavily on these raw materials. They receive only a small share of the value of the end products and their incomes are affected by volatile global prices. In order to counteract this lack of economic sustainability, as well as social and ecological problems in commodity sectors, a large number of private certification initiatives by independent organisations as well as sustainability programmes initiated by multinational companies themselves have emerged in recent years. However, the functioning and effects of these initiatives are not well understood. In his master thesis, Felix Maile takes up these global interrelations and examines the impact of various sustainability initiatives on incomes for cocoa farmers in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. Based on interviews with experts from the cocoa sector in Europe, Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire, the author analyses the structure and governance of the global cocoa production network, the price formation in the cocoa sector, and the regulations in the main producing countries in West Africa, which aim to stabilise producer prices and increase productivity. In this context, he shows that there is little cooperation between sustainability initiatives of private companies and public policy measures with regard to producer prices. This can also be explained by the different interests of these actors, as Felix Maile shows with regard to the current debate about a common 'Living Income Differential' in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. This paper is an important contribution to the discussion on the unequal distribution of value added and power asymmetries in various commodity sectors. In this context, the interrelation between governmental regulations in producer countries and private sustainability initiatives and the role of governance by different actors are particularly relevant, as these are decisive factors for the development of resource-dependent countries in the Global South.
Download or read book Optimum Producer Price as a Means of Rehabilitating the Ghanaian Cocoa Sector written by Amabel Orraca-Tetteh and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Simulation Policy Analysis of the Western Nigerian Cocoa Industry written by Kwong-Yuan Chong and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economics of Cocoa Production and Marketing written by R. A. Kotey and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
