Download or read book The Austenite martensite Phase Relationships in Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels written by George Krauss and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Low temperature Interstitial Hardening of 15 5 Precipitation Hardening Martensitic Stainless Steel written by Amirali Zangiabadi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface engineering is a relatively new branch of science and technology. Low-temperature (= 723K) interstitial hardening via carburization and nitridation are effective ways to enhance engineering performance of stainless steels surfaces and developed in the past 20 years. At these para-equilibrium processing temperatures, the substitutional elements in the steels are effectively immobilized, thereby suppressing carbide or nitride formation. The surface hardness, fatigue resistance, and corrosion resistance are significantly enhanced due to the resulting "colossal" interstitial super-saturations achieved during such para-equilibrium interstitial hardening. The studies on 15-5PH precipitation hardening martensitic stainless steels resulted in unusual phenomena, following para-equilibrium nitridation. Firstly, isothermal martensite-to-austenite phase transformation has been observed after low-temperature nitridation in the martensite phase. The transformation occurs in the near-surface regions of the alloy, in which the nitrogen concentration reaches more than 15%at. These observations are consistent with the notion that nitrogen is a strong austenite stabilizer and substitutional diffusion is effectively frozen at the processing temperature. Our microstructural observations and diffraction analyses provide conclusive evidence for the martensitic nature of this phase transformation. The second response of this alloy (similar to the other alloys, e.g. 13-8 PH, 17-7 PH and 2205) is an anomaly in the martensite (or ferrite) lattice, which can be attributed to the enormous tetragonality, approaching c/a = 1.12. Due to the distortion of both phases at the interface, it is sometimes hard to differentiate one from another in their DPs (diffraction patterns). The phenomenological crystallographic theory of the martensite-to-austenite phase transformation has been applied. The theory indicates that the martensitic phase transformation necessitates the closed-packed planes (i.e. {111}¿) of the newly-formed austenite phase undergo shearing. The microstructural studies confirm this internal shearing of the austenite phase. It further appears that the martensitic austenite observed in this work deviates from cubic symmetry. Finally, this study shows that high concentrations of nitrogen interstitials cannot be realized in marten- site or ferrite even under "nitrogen paraequilibrium" conditions, because of the formation of martensitic austenite.

Download or read book The Effects of Retained Austenite on the Tensile Properties and Toughness of Ultra High Strength Martensitic Precipitation Hardened Stainless Steels written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this work was to assess the effects of the amount of retained austenite content on the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of martensitic precipitation strengthened stainless steels for four different precipitation strengthening systems, one utilizing NiTi strengthening and three utilizing R-phase strengthening. The retained austenite contents in the four systems were varied by varying composition. The austenite content in the NiTi strengthened system was varied by varying the chromium content and the austenite content in the R-phase strengthened Systems was varied by varying the nickel content. The room temperature toughness levels of the NiTi strengthened system were quite low and it was decided not to pursue this system further. The three R-phase strengthened systems had sufficient room temperature toughness and strength to be of further interest. Of these three systems the primary focus was on the 12Cr/12Co/5Mo system. In this system four alloys, identical except for variations in nickel content, were the primary focus of the work. These alloys achieved, on tempering at 5250 C for 3.16 hours, yield strengths on the order of 210 ksi and ultimate tensile strengths of 235 ksi. The effect of test temperature on the Charpy impact energy was investigated for two tempering temperatures for these four alloys. It was found for both tempering conditions that lower ductile-to-brittle transition temperatures were favored by increasing amounts of austenite in the structure. In fact, the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature was quite low, about -750 C, for the tempered at 5250 C for 3.16 hours microstructure of the alloy in this series which contained the highest nickel and the highest amount of retained austenite after quenching. At this point it is believed the austenite content is an important contributor to the low ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of this microstructure.

Download or read book Materials Science for Dentistry written by B W Darvell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-04-29 with total page 687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approx.688 pagesApprox.688 pages

Download or read book Austenitic Stainless Steels written by Wojciech Borek and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-12-20 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stainless steel is still one of the fastest growing materials. Today, the austenitic stainless steel with the classic composition of 18% Cr and 8% Ni (grade 304L) is still the most widely used by far in the world. The unique characteristic of stainless steel arises from three main factors. The versatility results from high corrosion resistance, excellent low- and high-temperature properties, high toughness, formability, and weldability. The long life of stainless steels has been proven in service in a wide range of environments, together with low maintenance costs compared to other highly alloyed metallic materials. The retained value of stainless steel results from the high intrinsic value and easy recycling. Stainless steel, especially of austenitic microstructure, plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable development nowadays, so it is also important for further generations.

Download or read book Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards written by and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Steels Processing Structure and Performance Second Edition written by George Krauss and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2015-03-01 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: George Krauss, University Emeritus Professor, Colorado School of Mines and author of the best-selling ASM book Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, discusses some of the important additions and updates to the new second edition.

Download or read book Martensitic Transformation written by Zenji Nishiyama and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Martensitic Transformation examines martensitic transformation based on the known crystallographical data. Topics covered range from the crystallography of martensite to the transformation temperature and rate of martensite formation. The conditions for martensite formation and stabilization of austenite are also discussed, along with the crystallographic theory of martensitic transformations. Comprised of six chapters, this book begins with an introduction to martensite and martensitic transformation, with emphasis on the basic properties of martensite in steels such as carbon steels. The next two chapters deal with the crystallography of martensite and discuss the martensitic transformation behavior of the second-order transition; lattice imperfections in martensite; and close-packed layer structures of martensites produced from ? phase in noble-metal-base alloys. Thermodynamical problems and kinetics are also analysed, together with conditions for the nucleation of martensite and problems concerning stabilization of austenite. The last chapter discusses the theory of the mechanism underlying martensitic transformation. This monograph will be of interest to metallurgists and materials scientists.

Download or read book Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Metastable Microstructures written by Dipankar Banerjee and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Role of Retained Austenite in Mechanical Response of Additively Manufactured 17 4 PH Stainless Steel written by Derek Shaffer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 17-4 precipitation hardened (PH) martensitic grade stainless steel has been shown to have varying as-deposited chemical compositions depending on starting feedstock compositions. These composition changes can lead to variations in austenite volume fraction and therefore microstructure. Austenite levels can then cause significant changes in mechanical behavior. Material made from nitrogen and argon atomized powders were used to evaluate the effect of composition and aging and mechanical behavior. Material made using argon atomized powder had little to no austenite, leading to a mechanical response with minimal work hardening and a continuous yield behavior, similar to wrought. Samples made with nitrogen atomized powder had increases in strength and ductility as well as exhibiting strain induced austenite-to-martensite phase transformations. Very large ductility from strain induced transformations was defined by discontinuous yielding behavior and increased work hardening while the added nitrogen also improved the ultimate tensile strength. Aging behavior of the material changed with increasing nitrogen content. In the nitrogen atomized samples peak-aging temperatures increased, strain induced phase transformation occurred in all aging cases, and discontinuous yielding in the as-deposited condition changed to continuous yielding in the peak-aged and over-aged conditions. Retained austenite was shown in these ways to be a primary contributor to the mechanical behavior of this material.

Download or read book Effects of Cobalt on Precipitation Hardening of AM 350 Stainless Steel written by Milton M. Tilman and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Iron Steel and Their Alloys Online Version written by George E. Totten and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-01-06 with total page 3918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first of many important works featured in CRC Press’ Metals and Alloys Encyclopedia Collection, the Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys covers all the fundamental, theoretical, and application-related aspects of the metallurgical science, engineering, and technology of iron, steel, and their alloys. This Five-Volume Set addresses topics such as extractive metallurgy, powder metallurgy and processing, physical metallurgy, production engineering, corrosion engineering, thermal processing, metalworking, welding, iron- and steelmaking, heat treating, rolling, casting, hot and cold forming, surface finishing and coating, crystallography, metallography, computational metallurgy, metal-matrix composites, intermetallics, nano- and micro-structured metals and alloys, nano- and micro-alloying effects, special steels, and mining. A valuable reference for materials scientists and engineers, chemists, manufacturers, miners, researchers, and students, this must-have encyclopedia: Provides extensive coverage of properties and recommended practices Includes a wealth of helpful charts, nomograms, and figures Contains cross referencing for quick and easy search Each entry is written by a subject-matter expert and reviewed by an international panel of renowned researchers from academia, government, and industry. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]

Download or read book Journal of Research written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Intermetallic Phase Development in Precipitation hardening Stainless Steels written by Arthur Ellis Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Relationship Between Metallurgical Structure and Properties of a Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel written by R. H. Kaltenhauser and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of AM-355, a precipitation-hardening stainless steel, were found to be highly dependent upon carbide morphology. Corrosive attack in salt spray could always be associated with carbide precipitation at matrix discontinuities such as austenite or delta-ferrite grain boundaries. Continuous carbide precipitation at austenite grain boundaries was found to promote stress-corrosion failures in salt spray and to adversely affect certain mechanical properties such as ductility and impact strength.

Download or read book Stainless Steels written by Joseph R. Davis and published by ASM International. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ASM Specialty Handbook® Stainless Steels The best single-volume reference on the metallurgy, selection, processing, performance, and evaluation of stainless steels, incorporating essential information culled from across the ASM Handbook series. Includes additional data and reference information carefully selected and adapted from other authoritative ASM sources.