Download or read book The Agricultural Economy of Iraq written by Hugh Charles Treakle and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agriculture in Iraq - geographical aspects, system of land tenure and agrarian reform, agricultural products, agricultural machinery, agricultural policy (to develop crops and raise standard of living of rural area population). Rural cooperatives, credit, trade, role of USA (economic aid), role of ILO and UN and specialized agencies. 2 maps. Selected references pp. 72-74.
Download or read book The Agricultural Economy written by Etats-Unis. Department of agriculture. Economic research service and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Agricultural Economy of Iraq written by H. Charles Treakle and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Agricultural Economy of Iraq Classic Reprint written by Hugh Charles Treakle and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-03-25 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Agricultural Economy of Iraq The outstanding features of Iraq are its two great rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates. Both these rivers rise in the highlands of eastern Turkey and flow southeastward through Iraq. They join in the southeast and form the shatt-al-arab River, which flows south into the Persian Gulf. The lower portion of the country is delta and alluvial plains that slowly rise in the west and northwest to broad desert plains and a belt of hills and rugged mountains to the north and north east. About 47 percent of the country can be classified as desert and desert steppe; Two seasons, summer and winter, predominate. The summers are long, hot, and very dry. Winters are usually mild but at times can be quite cold. What precipitation there is falls between November and June and varies considerably between adequate rainfall for unirrigated agriculture in the north to practically no rainfall in the southwest. There are also great variations in rainfall from year to year. The rivers rise to flood stage in the spring. In recent years many millions of dollars have been spent in water control systems to prevent devastation from spring floods. A population of over 7 million is mostly concentrated in the central plain between the two rivers and in the foothills of the northeast. A great majority of this population and about two thirds of the labor force derive their livelihood from agricultural pursuits. Agriculture has contributed about 20 percent to the national product. Petroleum accounts for over 90 percent of Iraq's foreign exchange and is by far the outstanding industry. However, oil companies directly employ less than 1 percent of the country's labor force. On the other hand, oil has made it possible to implement ambitious development programs that are having a considerable impact, both directly and indirectly, on agriculture. The origin of the land tenure system in Iraq has been quite complex. By the end of the Ottoman period a feudalistic structure and tribal groupings familiar in the Middle East had developed. As a result, the system culminated in large holdings, absentee landlords, and great tracts of land falling to State ownership. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book The Agricultural Economy of Iraq written by H. Charles Treakle and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agricultural value chain study in Iraq written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-02-26 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report covers the process and results from the value chain analysis conducted on the dates, tomatoes and wheat sector in Iraq. The study presents the results of a cross-national market and gender-sensitive value chain analysis conducted in Iraq – and at different levels of the selected value chains including inputs suppliers, cultivators, harvesters, consolidators, and processors/exporters. The assessment establishes an information base to support the creation of livelihood opportunities in specific subsectors – which will ultimately support domestic food production and economic growth over the long term.
Download or read book Agriculture for development in Iraq Estimating the impacts of achieving the agricultural targets of the national development plan 2013 2017 on economic growth incomes and gender equality written by Al-Haboby, Azhr and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2014-05-30 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates the potential effects of achieving the agricultural goals set out in Iraqs National Development Plan (NDP) 20132017 using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model. The findings suggest that raising agricultural productivity in accordance with the NDP may more than double average agricultural growth rates and add an average of 0.7 percent each year to economywide gross domestic product during the duration of the plan. As a consequence, the economy not only diversifies into agriculture, but agricultural growth also lifts growth in the food processing and service sectors. Achieving the yield targets for cereals (especially wheat) and for fruits and vegetables will have the largest impact on economic growth and household incomes. Household incomes will rise by an estimated 3.3 percent annually. This increase in household incomes will benefit the poorest households and female-headed urban households the most due to a combination of lower food prices and higher incomes from labor and land. Reaping these benefits from agricultural growth will critically depend on the implementation of policies and investments to ensure that additional agricultural produce can be marketed efficiently domestically and compete with imports.
Download or read book Agricultural growth is good for poverty reduction and female headed households in Iraq written by Al-Haboby, Azhr and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2014-05-29 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This note is based on findings produced under the Harmonized Support for Agriculture Development project (HSAD) managed by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA); financed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID); and implemented in partnership with the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture, the Iraqi Kurdistan Region (IKR) Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources, ICARDA, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), and the University Consortium (UCON) of Texas A&M; University of California, Davis; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; and University of Florida.
Download or read book State and Agriculture in Iraq written by Kamil A. Mahdi and published by ISBS. This book was released on 2000 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to the oil booms of the 1950s and the 1970s, Iraq's agriculture experienced many decades of growth, thereby underpinning the development of the modern state and the class structure of the pre-1958 period. This book argues that, by the 1950s, the agricultural sector that had earlier been dynamic and export-oriented was already tending to stagnation before both the early oil boom and the radical land reform of 1958. The sector that had largely relied on renewable natural resources, indigenous technology and customary social organisation had given rise to highly iniquitous income and wealth distribution, and it became associated with an entrenched socio-political structure that resisted reform and failed to raise productivity. Mahdi's analysis of Iraq's pre-oil agriculture forms the background to the main part of this book that deals with the impact on agriculture and the country's economy of the large increases in oil revenues from the early 1950s until the eve of the Iran-Iraq war of 1980-8. The book places the rentier state and the different ways in which oil revenues affect the agricultural sector at the centre of an analysis of economic structure and performance. It offers a new interpretation of the stagnation and subsequent decline of agriculture, and rejects simple readings based on political and administrative failures of the agrarian reform in favour of a more nuanced analysis that also incorporates economic structure, organisation and policy.
Download or read book Agricultural Economy of Iraq with List of Selected References written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agriculture in Iraq written by U. S. Department U.S. Department of State and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-03-25 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mesopotamia, the ancient land of the "twin rivers" (the Tigris and Euphrates), with its bountiful land, fresh waters, and varying climates, contributed to the human civilization in many ways. The eastern limb of the Fertile Crescent was the cradle of the earliest known civilizations and served as the cultural heart from which the first ideas of sedentary agriculture, domestication of animals, the wheel, writing, and urban development are believed to have diffused westward to the Nile Valley and eastward to the Indus Valley. Since the beginning of recorded time, agriculture has been the primary economic activity of the people of old Mesopotamia and modern-day Iraq. Agriculture was the country's major economic activity in the 1920s; however, its contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) dropped to 42% in 1981 and 18% in 1990. Even so, 13% of the labor force continues to be engaged in agriculture, more than in any other sector except services. The land area of Iraq is 438,317 km2, with a population of 22.8 m and a population density of 52 per km2. Arable land as percentage of total land is relatively small (12%) and agriculture, in 2001, contributed 6.1% to the GDP. More than half (53%) of the arable land is rainfed, nearly all of it in the northern uplands; however, most of the agricultural production comes from the more intensively cultivated areas of the irrigated plains. In the decade from 1977, Iraq was self sufficient in cereals, and agricultural imports amounted to 22% of total imports. During recent decades, however, Iraq has shifted from net food exporter to food importer. This shift was prompted by several factors, including population increase, a rising standard of living, increased industrialization, migration of farm workers to urban centers, and loss of soil productivity in poorly drained irrigated areas of the south. Increased funding for agricultural research is particularly critical in Iraq. Despite this nation's heavy dependence on agriculture, the public expenditures on research generally total less than 0.5 percent of its agricultural gross domestic product. By comparison, industrialized countries spend 2 to 5 percent.
Download or read book Iraq s Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iraq's agricultural sector represents a small, but vital component of Iraq's economy. Over the past several decades agriculture's role in the economy has been heavily influenced by Iraq's involvement in military conflicts, particularly the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq War and the 1991 Gulf War, and by varying degrees of government efforts to promote and/or control agricultural production. In the mid-1980s, agriculture accounted for only about 14 percent of the national GDP. After the imposition of U.N. sanctions and the Iraqi government's non-compliance with a proposed U.N. Oil-for-Food program in 1991, agriculture's share of GDP is estimated to have risen to 35 percent by 1992.1 Rapid population growth during the past three decades, coupled with limited arable land and a general stagnation in agricultural productivity, has steadily increased dependence on imports to meet domestic food needs since the mid-1960s. By 1980 Iraq was importing about half of its food supply. By 2002, between 80 and 100 percent of many basic staples wheat, rice, sugar, vegetable oil, and protein meals were imported. This report will be updated if events warrant.
Download or read book Review Iraqi Agriculture written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agricultural Development Programs of Iran Iraq and Sudan written by Quentin Mecham West and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agricultural Policy in Iraq written by Hasan Sheikh Ali Thamer and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 866 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Iraq Agriculture and Food Supply written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iraq's agricultural sector represents a small but vital component of Iraq's economy. Over the past several decades agriculture's role in the economy has been heavily influenced by Iraq's involvement in military conflicts, particularly the 198088 Iran-Iraq War, the 1991 Gulf War, and the 2003 Iraq War, and by varying degrees of government effort to promote and/or control agricultural production. Rapid population growth coupled with limited arable land and a general stagnation in agricultural productivity has steadily increased dependence on imports to meet domestic food needs since the mid-1960s. Prior to the 1991 Gulf War, Iraq was a major trading partner with the U.S. Iraq benefitted from substantial USDA agricultural export credit during the 1980s to purchase large quantities of U.S. agricultural commodities. By the mid-1980s Iraq was the major destination for U.S. rice exports. Iraq was also an important purchaser of U.S. wheat, corn, soymeal, and cotton. After the 1991 Gulf War, U.S. agricultural export credit to Iraq was ended and USDA was left with $2 billion in unpaid credit. U.S. agricultural trade with Iraq remained negligible through 2002. Present-day Iraqi agriculture and trade have been heavily shaped by the 1990 U.N. sanctions and the Iraqi government's response to them. From 1991 to 1996, prior to the startup of the U.N.'s Oil-For-Food program (OFFP), Iraq's agricultural imports averaged $958 million or less than half of the pre-war level. Under the OFFP, the value of Iraq's agricultural imports rebounded to average $1.5 billion (during the 1997-2002 period). In early 2003, just prior to the U.S. -- Iraq War, the country's agricultural sector remained beset by the legacy of past mis-management, unresolved disputes over land and water rights, and the lingering effects of a severe drought during 1999-2001. Clearly, Iraq will be dependent on imports for fully meeting domestic food demand for several years to come. In the near term, food aid shipments are likely to play a major role in determining the share of Iraq's agricultural imports, and may influence the evolution of future commercial imports. This report is an extension of CRS Report RS21516, "Iraq's Agriculture: Background and Status." It provides a brief description of Iraq's agro-climatic setting and the history of agricultural policy, production, and trade leading up to the period just prior to the 2003 Gulf War; it reviews issues likely to affect the long-term outlook for Iraq's agricultural production and trade; and it provides several tables of historical data relevant to understanding the evolution of Iraq's agricultural production and trade. This report will be updated as events warrant. For detailed discussion on the status of humanitarian aid efforts, see CRS Report RL31833, Iraq: Recent Developments in Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance. For discussion on the U.N. Oil-For-Food Program and trade during the decade of the 1990s see CRS Report RL30472, Iraq: Oil-For-Food Program, International Sanctions, and Illicit Trade.
Download or read book Farm Studies in Iraq written by A. P. G. Poyck and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
