Download or read book The Advancing Front of Science written by George William Gray and published by . This book was released on 1937 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Concepts in Photovoltaics written by Arthur J. Nozik and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-07-10 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaic systems enable the sun’s energy to be converted directly into electricity using semiconductor solar cells. The ultimate goal of photovoltaic research and development is to reduce the cost of solar power to reach or even become lower than the cost of electricity generated from fossil and nuclear fuels. The power conversion efficiency and the cost per unit area of the phototvoltaic system are critical factors that determine the cost of photovoltaic electricity. Until recently, the power conversion efficiency of single-junction photovoltaic cells has been limited to approximately 33% - the so-called Shockley-Queisser limit. This book presents the latest developments in photovoltaics which seek to either reach or surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit, and to lower the cell cost per unit area. Progress toward this ultimate goal is presented for the three generations of photovoltaic cells: the 1st generation based on crystalline silicon semiconductors; the 2nd generation based on thin film silicon, compound semiconductors, amorphous silicon, and various mesoscopic structures; and the 3rd generation based on the unique properties of nanoscale materials, new inorganic and organic photoconversion materials, highly efficient multi-junction cells with low cost solar concentration, and novel photovoltaic processes. The extent to which photovoltaic materials and processes can meet the expectations of efficient and cost effective solar energy conversion to electricity is discussed. Written by an international team of expert contributors, and with researchers in academia, national research laboratories, and industry in mind, this book is a comprehensive guide to recent progress in photovoltaics and essential for any library or laboratory in the field.
Download or read book Advanced Chemistry in Creation written by Jay L. Wile and published by . This book was released on 1999-08 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Advancement of Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 1070 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1939-1940.
Download or read book Progress in Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry written by J. A. V. Butler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-06 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Volume 9 reviews developments in biophysics and biophysical chemistry and covers topics such as the kinetics of reactions between hemoglobin and gases; the hydrodynamics of the arterial circulation; visual pigments in humans and animals and their relation to seeing; and gradient centrifugation of cell particles. The conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy in certain mechanoreceptors is also discussed. This book is comprised of seven chapters and begins with an overview of the general properties of hemoglobin and its reactions with gases, and how such reactions are affected by temperature. The intermediate compound theory and the combination of sheep hemoglobin with carbon monoxide are also considered. The following chapters explore the diffusion and simultaneous chemical reaction velocity in hemoglobin solutions and red cell suspensions; the hydrodynamic aspects of the arterial circulation; determination of molecular dimensions from light scattering data; and the relation of receptor potentials to the activity of complex mechanoreceptor organs containing hair cells. The final chapter is devoted to the theory and applications of the gradient centrifugation of cell particles. This volume will be of interest to both biophysicists and biochemists.
Download or read book The Future of Atmospheric Chemistry Research written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-29 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our world is changing at an accelerating rate. The global human population has grown from 6.1 billion to 7.1 billion in the last 15 years and is projected to reach 11.2 billion by the end of the century. The distribution of humans across the globe has also shifted, with more than 50 percent of the global population now living in urban areas, compared to 29 percent in 1950. Along with these trends, increasing energy demands, expanding industrial activities, and intensification of agricultural activities worldwide have in turn led to changes in emissions that have altered the composition of the atmosphere. These changes have led to major challenges for society, including deleterious impacts on climate, human and ecosystem health. Climate change is one of the greatest environmental challenges facing society today. Air pollution is a major threat to human health, as one out of eight deaths globally is caused by air pollution. And, future food production and global food security are vulnerable to both global change and air pollution. Atmospheric chemistry research is a key part of understanding and responding to these challenges. The Future of Atmospheric Chemistry Research: Remembering Yesterday, Understanding Today, Anticipating Tomorrow summarizes the rationale and need for supporting a comprehensive U.S. research program in atmospheric chemistry; comments on the broad trends in laboratory, field, satellite, and modeling studies of atmospheric chemistry; determines the priority areas of research for advancing the basic science of atmospheric chemistry; and identifies the highest priority needs for improvements in the research infrastructure to address those priority research topics. This report describes the scientific advances over the past decade in six core areas of atmospheric chemistry: emissions, chemical transformation, oxidants, atmospheric dynamics and circulation, aerosol particles and clouds, and biogeochemical cycles and deposition. This material was developed for the NSF's Atmospheric Chemistry Program; however, the findings will be of interest to other agencies and programs that support atmospheric chemistry research.
Download or read book Chemistry of Functional Materials Surfaces and Interfaces written by Andrei Honciuc and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-02-19 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemistry of Functional Materials Surfaces and Interfaces: Fundamentals and Applications gives a descriptive account of interfacial phenomena step-by-step, from simple to complex, to provide readers with a strong foundation of knowledge in interfacial materials chemistry. Many case studies are provided to give real-world examples of problems and their solutions, allowing readers to make the connection between fundamental understanding and applications. Emerging applications in nanomaterials and nanotechnology are also discussed. Throughout the book, the author explains the common interface and surface equations, models, methods, and applications in the creation of functional materials. The goal of Chemistry of Functional Materials Surfaces and Interfaces is to provide readers with the basic understanding of the common tools of surface and interface chemistry for application in materials science and nanotechnology. This book is suitable for researchers and practitioners in the disciplines of materials science and engineering and surface and interface chemistry. - Includes numerous real-world examples and case studies throughout - Addresses emerging applications of interfacial materials chemistry in nanomaterials and nanotechnology - Provides the foundational concepts of surface and interfacial science with models, equation, and methods
Download or read book High resolution NMR Techniques in Organic Chemistry written by T. Claridge and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-12-24 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the initial observation of proton magnetic resonance in water and in paraffin, the discipline of nuclear magnetic resonance has seen unparalleled growth as an analytical method. Modern NMR spectroscopy is a highly developed, yet still evolving, subject which finds application in chemistry, biology, medicine, materials science and geology. In this book, emphasis is on the more recently developed methods of solution-state NMR applicable to chemical research, which are chosen for their wide applicability and robustness. These have, in many cases, already become established techniques in NMR laboratories, in both academic and industrial establishments. A considerable amount of information and guidance is given on the implementation and execution of the techniques described in this book.
Download or read book Chemical Aspects of Photodynamic Therapy written by Raymond Bonnett and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-08-07 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a ground breaking medical technique which uses lasers to activate light-sensitive chemicals to treat cancer and other diseases without resorting to surgery. For the first time, Chemical Aspects of Photodynamic Therapy introduces in an accessible way the physics, chemistry and biology behind the technique. This highly a
Download or read book Essential Computational Modeling in Chemistry written by Philippe G. Ciarlet and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-12-07 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential Computational Modeling in Chemistry presents key contributions selected from the volume in the Handbook of Numerical Analysis: Computational Modeling in Chemistry Vol. 10(2005). Computational Modeling is an active field of scientific computing at the crossroads between Physics, Chemistry, Applied Mathematics and Computer Science. Sophisticated mathematical models are increasingly complex and extensive computer simulations are on the rise. Numerical Analysis and scientific software have emerged as essential steps for validating mathematical models and simulations based on these models. This guide provides a quick reference of computational methods for use in understanding chemical reactions and how to control them. By demonstrating various computational methods in research, scientists can predict such things as molecular properties. The reference offers a number of techniques and the numerical analysis needed to perform rigorously founded computations. Various viewpoints of methods and applications are available for researchers to chose and experiment with; Numerical analysis and open problems is useful for experimentation; Most commonly used models and techniques for the molecular case is quickly accessible
Download or read book Advanced Organic Chemistry written by Reinhard Bruckner and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-08-03 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A best-selling mechanistic organic chemistry text in Germany, this text's translation into English fills a long-existing need for a modern, thorough and accessible treatment of reaction mechanisms for students of organic chemistry at the advanced undergraduate and graduate level. Knowledge of reaction mechanisms is essential to all applied areas of organic chemistry; this text fulfills that need by presenting the right material at the right level.
Download or read book Advanced Organic Chemistry written by Francis A. Carey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this edition is the same as that of the first edition, that is, to provide a deeper understanding of the structures of organic compounds and the mechanisms of organic reactions. The level is aimed at advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students. Our goal is to solidify the student's understanding of basic concepts provided in an introduction to organic chemistry and to fill in much more information and detail, including quantitative information, than can be presented in the first course in organic chemistry. The first three chapters consider the fundamental topics of bonding theory, stereochemistry, and conformation. Chapter 4 discusses the techniques that are used to study and characterize reaction mechanisms. The remaining chapters consider basic reaction types with a broad coverage of substituent effects and stereochemistry being provided so that each reaction can be described in good, if not entirely complete, detail. The organization is very similar to the first edition with only a relative shift in emphasis having been made. The major change is the more general application of qualitative molecular orbital theory in presenting the structural basis of substituent and stereoelectronic effects. The primary research literature now uses molecular orbital approaches very widely, while resonance theory serves as the primary tool for explanation of structural and substituent effects at the introductory level. Our intention is to illustrate the use of both types of interpretation, with the goal of facilitating the student's ability to understand and apply the molecular orbital concepts now widely in use.
Download or read book Understanding Advanced Organic And Analytical Chemistry The Learner s Approach Revised Edition written by Kim Seng Chan and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-09-29 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised edition has been updated to meet the minimum requirements of the new Singapore GCE A level syllabus that would be implemented in the year 2016. Nevertheless, this book is also highly relevant to students who are studying chemistry for other examination boards. In addition, the authors have also included more Q&A to help students better understand and appreciate the chemical concepts that they are mastering.
Download or read book Chemistry and Industry written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Twenty First Century Advanced Chemistry written by Harminder Gill and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2015-06-26 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty-First Century Advanced Chemistry has been written for those who seek a higher level of understanding of the general principles or fundamentals covered in a first year level chemistry course. The material covers topics from general chemistry and portions of organic chemistry at a higher level. A strong background in algebra is needed to understand the mathematical equations presented in this book. The goal of sharing such valuable information is to continue to inspire those who seek to contribute to the field of sciences. Topics in science can change or evolve over time with new discoveries being published in journal articles. If we are going to continue the journey to such important ideas, then we need to have a firm grasp of the fundamentals. Twenty-five chapters are included in this book with new chapters or perhaps partially covered in a first year chemistry course. These include chapters on earths chemistry, chemistry of art, and cosmetic chemistry. The three chapters were included so we can have a better understanding about the chemistry that takes place on our precious planet, a background understanding of art since we are so much attracted to the visual world, and important information for those who purchase and use cosmetics to take care of themselves. The material in this book can change over time, but it is more likely the fundamentals will remain the same. I invite you to explore how great chemistry is as a science and its impact on how it has improved and will continue to improve the quality of our lives for the future.
Download or read book Advanced Structural Inorganic Chemistry written by Wai-Kee Li and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-03-27 with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A revised and updated English edition of a textbook based on teaching at the final year undergraduate and graduate level. It presents structure and bonding, generalizations of structural trends, crystallographic data, as well as highlights from the recent literature.
Download or read book Advanced Organic Chemistry written by Francis A. Carey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-27 with total page 1216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two-part, fifth edition of Advanced Organic Chemistry has been substantially revised and reorganized for greater clarity. The material has been updated to reflect advances in the field since the previous edition, especially in computational chemistry. Part A covers fundamental structural topics and basic mechanistic types. It can stand-alone; together, with Part B: Reaction and Synthesis, the two volumes provide a comprehensive foundation for the study in organic chemistry. Companion websites provide digital models for study of structure, reaction and selectivity for students and exercise solutions for instructors.
