Download or read book The Action of Sewer Gases and Acids on Cement and Concrete Pipes written by International Clay Products Bureau, Kansas City, Mo and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The few observations here compiled check absolutely and it is perfectly clear that concrete sewers are destroyed not as much by the ready made acids which are poured into them from soap factories, tanneries, chemical works, printing offices, engraving plants, breweries, livery stables and the like, but by the acids which are made directly in them by the decomposition of the putrescent matters which they naturally contain. The process is very simple. By the action of decomposition and bacteria, the putrescing contents of the sewer generate large quantities of hydrogen Sulfide gas. In the presence of air and moisture this gas readily forms sulphuric acid. The damp walls of the sewer readily absorb this acid which soon becomes strong enough to attack the lime which forms a large portion of Portland Cement. [Ad for Vitrified salt-glazed Sanitary Sewer Pipe].
Download or read book The Effect of Sewage on Sewer Pipe written by Melvin J. Noth and published by . This book was released on 1941 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cement Era written by and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Concrete Engineers Handbook written by George A. Hool and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Southwest Contractor and Manufacturer written by and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Concrete engineers handbook written by G.A. Hool and published by Рипол Классик. This book was released on 1919 with total page 913 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Clay worker written by and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 1384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The log of the clay worker": v. 100, p. 188-193.
Download or read book Lea s Chemistry of Cement and Concrete written by Peter Hewlett and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2019-03-06 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete, Fifth Edition, examines the suitability and durability of different types of cements and concretes, their manufacturing techniques and the role that aggregates and additives play in achieving concrete's full potential of delivering a high-quality, long-lasting, competitive and sustainable product. Provides a 60% revision over the fourth edition last published in 2004 Includes updated chapters that represent the latest technological advances in the industry, including, but not exclusive to the production of low-energy cements, cement admixtures and concrete aggregates Presents expanded coverage of the suitability and durability of materials aggregates and additives
Download or read book The American City written by Arthur Hastings Grant and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Concrete Age written by and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biodeterioration of Concrete Sewer Pipes written by Emilie Hudon and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Durability of buried infrastructure is often "out-of-sight and out-of-mind". In Canada alone, according to a Federation of Canadian Municipality study from 2007, upgrading and building new water infrastructure to an acceptable level of service requires an expenditure of more than $40 billion. Unlike different types of degradation due to local soil contaminants, construction materials, or weather conditions, biodeterioration in sewage transportation and treatment systems is generally faced by all municipalities worldwide. Biodeterioration of concrete sewers occurs when microorganisms living in biofilm formation on unsubmerged sections of concrete excrete sulfuric acid, which is deleterious to the concrete because it contains acidity (H+ ions) and sulfates. This research program combines different areas of civil and environmental engineering by integrating important biological and chemical concepts. More specifically, the research program proposes two analytical models applicable to predicting reactions occurring during biodeterioration of concrete sewers. First, a new modeling approach for pH changes is proposed. In this new proposed pH approach, pH changes are calculated in each process definition by the stoichiometric coefficient (-[Delta]H+/[beta]), where [Delta]H+ is the production or consumption of protons and [beta] is the buffering capacity. The method also includes the effects of the ionic strength. The method can predict pH changes due to the input or biological production of acids and bases, or equilibrium with gases and minerals. It is found to be simpler than the existing methods, while maintaining the same level of accuracy. The approach was then applied to reactions where pH changes kinetically. Two reactions occurring during the biodeterioration of concrete sewers were studied: the continuous production of sulfuric acid by sulfur-oxidizing biomass (decrease in pH), and dissolution of hydrated cement paste (increase in pH). In batch-reactors, the dissolution of hydrated cement paste was modeled by a surface reaction where calcium hydroxide dissolves preferentially. The decrease in pH due to the production of sulfuric acid from thiosulfate could be accurately modeled by a disproportionation reaction where the biomass stores part of the thiosulfate as sulfur granules and oxidizes the rest as sulfates and protons. The same reactions occurring in biofilm formation were also studied to represent the sewer conditions more closely. While the deleterious effects of sulfuric acid to hydrated cement paste and concrete are well known, the impact of the w/c ratio on the extent of degradation is not as clear. To help alleviate this situation, the dissolution kinetics of calcium from hydrated cement paste in acidic solution was parameterized. Sample characteristics (w/c ratio and carbonation) were tested but were not found to have a statistically significant impact on the dissolution parameters. However, acid type and concentration were found to significantly affect the same parameters. The parameterization was applied to predict the mass loss of concrete discs subjected to sulfuric acid and different brushing regimes. Brushing of the concrete surface creates shearing forces representing the effect of sewerage flow at the water line in sewers. These forces were found to cause a significant increase in deterioration. The part of mass loss due to diffusion was determined from the previous calcium solubilisation experiment on hydrated cement paste prism. Overall, this thesis offers a multi-disciplinary review of the biodeterioration of concrete sewers, proposes a new modeling approach to pH changes in process models, and develops some insights on the impact of acidic solutions on hydrated cement paste and concrete durability. Further research on this topic should focus on validating the buffering capacity approach to existing wastewater and biosolides treatment models, and modeling the interactions between concrete and biofilms." --
Download or read book The British Clayworker written by and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Concrete Pipe Handbook written by American Concrete Pipe Association, Chicago and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Brick and Clay Record written by and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 1138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Concrete cement Age written by and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Engineering written by M.P. Poonia, S.C. Sharma and published by KHANNA PUBLISHING HOUSE. This book was released on with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the syllabi of "Environmental Engineering" and "Public Health Engineering" of various Indian Universities. The book is recommended in AICTE model curriculum. The book has been divided in 3 part; namely; Water Supply Engineering; Sewage Engineering and Air Pollution Engineering. The book is useful for Degree as well as Diploma students and is also likely to be useful for practising engineers in this field
Download or read book Classification of acid proof cements and asphalt emulsions as binders for written by William Blowe Derick and published by . This book was released on 1938 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
