Download or read book Testing the Induced Innovation Hypothesis in South African Agriculture written by Colin G. Thirtle and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Testing the Induced Innovation Hypothesis in South African Agriculture An Error Correction Approach written by Colin Thirtle and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: November 1995 Apparently factor prices do matter in agricultural production and in the selection of production technology. And in South Africa, more attention should be focused on the technological needs of small-scale farmers. Current policies sustain the bias toward labor-saving technical change, hardly appropriate for a labor-surplus economy in which small farmers in the former homelands face a chronic scarcity of land. Thirtle, Townsend, and van Zyl investigate whether factor prices matter in agricultural production and in the selection of production technology. Each stage of the analysis corroborates the inducement hypothesis, which implies that factor prices do matter in agricultural production and in the selection of production technology. The empirical results also suggest that observed rates and biases of technological change are influenced by average farm size, by spending on research and extension, and by favorable tax and interest-rate policies. In South Africa, the authors contend, more attention should be focused on the technological needs of small-scale farmers. The lobbying power of the large commercial farmers, combined with policies followed under apartheid, must have influenced the allocation of research and development funds between labor- and land-saving technical change. This will have distorted the technological bias toward labor-saving technical change, which is hardly appropriate for a labor-surplus economy in which small farmers in the former homelands face a chronic scarcity of land. These results show that factor prices do matter in agricultural production and the selection of production technology. And there seems to be merit to the World Bank's usual policy prescription -- structural adjustment and market liberalization -- for economies in which prices are controlled and distorted. They investigate the role of factor prices by applying cointegration techniques to a model of induced innovation based on the two-stage constant elasticity of substitution production function. This approach results in direct tests of the inducement hypothesis, which are applied to data for South African agriculture for the period 1947-92. They check the time series properties of the variables, establish cointegration, and construct an error correction model (ECM) that allows factor substitution to be separated from technological change. Finally, they subject the ECM formulation to tests of causality, which show that the factor price ratios induce the factor-saving biases of technological change. This paper --a product of the Office of the Director, Agriculture and Natural Resources Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to design appropriate agricultural policies.
Download or read book Current Research in Britain written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Driving Innovation and Business Success in the Digital Economy written by Oncioiu, Ionica and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2016-12-12 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advancements in the digital world are bringing about rapid waves of change in organizational management. As such, it is increasingly imperative to discover ways for businesses to adapt to changes in the markets and seize various digital market opportunities. Driving Innovation and Business Success in the Digital Economy is an essential reference source for the latest research on the impact of digital computing and emerging technological innovations in the realm of business success. Featuring extensive coverage across a range of relevant perspectives and topics, such as IT outsourcing, sustainable development and online advertising, this publication is ideally designed for researchers, professionals and students seeking current research on the complex scope of the new economy.
Download or read book Advanced Automation for Tree Fruit Orchards and Vineyards written by Stavros G. Vougioukas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-23 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern tree fruit orchards and vineyards constitute complex production systems that are exposed to highly dynamic and stochastic natural, financial and societal forces, and face demands for increased production using fewer resources, with reduced environmental impact. Successful operation of orchards and vineyards under these conditions is practically impossible without careful and extensive use of state-of-the-art automation technologies and careful planning of future operations (e.g., training systems when replanting) that can be enabled by knowledge of emerging technologies and future trends. Also, improvement of existing automation technologies and development of novel future systems cannot be accomplished without a working understanding of the tree and vine biological production systems, their management needs, and the capabilities and limitations of existing automation systems. The book aims to provide the necessary knowledge to achieve the above goals in a way that can engage readers without engineering or horticultural backgrounds.
Download or read book Contact written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Employment and Wages written by United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor Statistics written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Productivity written by United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Productivity a Selected Annotated Bibliography written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Area Wage Survey written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book FAO Economic and Social Development Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Have Transport Costs Contributed to the Relative Decline of African Exports written by Azita Amjadi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Afrasian Transformations written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-08-31 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Afrasian Transformations explores a dynamic nexus of transregional interactions that is reshaping political relations, economic flows and increasingly mobile lifeworlds on the one hand, and academic practices in African and Asian Studies as well as transregional research on the other.
Download or read book Newsletter written by Agricultural Research and Extension Network and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spatial Correlations in Panel Data written by John Christopher Driscoll and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: December 1995 A correction for spatial correlation in panel data. In many empirical applications involving combined time-series and cross-sectional data, the residuals from different cross-sectional units are likely to be correlated with one another. This is often the case in applications in macroeconomics and international economics where the cross-sectional units may be countries, states, or regions observed over time. Spatial correlations among such cross-sections may arise for a number of reasons, ranging from observed common shocks such as terms of trade or oil shocks, to unobserved contagion or neighborhood effects which propagate across countries in complex ways. Driscoll and Kraay observe that the presence of such spatial correlations in residuals complicates standard inference procedures that combine time-series and cross-sectional data since these techniques typically require the assumption that the cross-sectional units are independent. When this assumption is violated, estimates of standard errors are inconsistent, and hence are not useful for inference. And standard corrections for spatial correlations will be valid only if spatial correlations are of particular restrictive forms. Driscoll and Kraay propose a correction for spatial correlations that does not require strong assumptions concerning their form -- and show that it is superior to a number of commonly used alternatives. This paper -- a product of the Macroeconomics and Growth Division, Policy Research Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to study international macroeconomics.
Download or read book Rationing Can Backfire written by Gunnar S. Eskeland and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
