Download or read book Testing the Efficacy of a Brief Social Cognitive Theory Based Safer Sex Intervention Among African American College Students written by Amar Kanekar and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safer sex is important for protection against STDs and HIV/AIDS. Most of the HIV-related research is targeted towards high-risk groups such as prostitutes, gays and substance abusers but there is evidence that HIV/AIDS is increasing in college students particularly among African American college students. Social cognitive theory was used in the past to reduce teenage drinking, improve cardiovascular health, and healthy nutrition .Very few of the theory constructs had been used to predict safer sex behaviors in college students. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a brief social cognitive theory based safer sex intervention among African-American college students. A preliminary study using a cross-sectional survey design was conducted. Six self-report scales were developed for (1) situational perceptions toward safer sex, (2) expectations for safer sex, (3) self-efficacy for safer sex, (4) self-efficacy in overcoming barriers for safer sex, (5) self-control for safer sex and (6) practices for safer sex. Readability, face validity and content validity of these scales were established by a panel of six experts and the researcher in a two round review process. Construct validity of scales was established by confirmatory factor analysis by administering it to 150 college students. The scales were found to be construct valid, internally consistent with most Cronbach's alpha over 0.70 and satisfactory test retest reliability coefficients over 0.70. For the main study a randomized controlled design was used. The statistical design was a one between and one within repeated measures design. A convenience sample of 141 African-American college students from all majors, undergraduate and graduate students was randomized into two arms of the intervention such that there were approximately equal groups of 70 students in each arm of the intervention (theory-based) and control (knowledge-based) group. The intervention for each arm of the target population of African American college students consisted of two hour workshops. A pretest, a post-test at one week and a follow-up of the participants at six weeks was conducted. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 for descriptive statistics. Repeated measures analyses of variance were carried out using the SAS version 9.1. Results indicated that the students assigned to the experimental (theory-based) and the knowledge-based (non-theory) intervention group did not differ in terms of the demographic variables. The mean changes in scores for various constructs of social cognitive theory used in this study were not significantly different between pre- and post-intervention. It can be concluded that there is no difference between a brief theory-based intervention (based on social cognitive theory) and a brief knowledge-based intervention in terms of efficacy in developing safer sex behavioral skills in a study sample of African-American college students at a large mid-western University. Dose of the intervention was found to be insufficient and must be increased in future interventions.
Download or read book Addressing Sexual Health Among Black College Women written by Cedrina K. Averette and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to affect the lives of many, with African American women being uniquely at risk when compared to women from other racial groups. Black/African American women have a higher proportion of cases at all stages of the virus (CDC, 2016a). The primary form of HIV contraction among this group is by way of heterosexual contact with an at-risk sexual partner. However, Black women may not be fully aware of the potential risks inherit in their sexual relationships. The epidemic calls for approaches, resolutions, and interventions to stop the spread and increase of diagnoses among African American heterosexual women. The primary purpose of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of a group-based HIV-prevention intervention for young African American college women (ages 18 to 29). Using the theoretical foundations of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and the Theory of Gender and Power (TGP), the intervention educated participants about HIV-related information and transmission, taught communication skills related to assertive expression of safer sex practices, and addressed the unique intrapersonal, interpersonal, and contextual factors that impact Black college women. The intervention was culturally specific, gender appropriate, educational, and engaging. In the pilot study, participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental intervention condition or a no-attention control condition. Data on primary and secondary variables were collected at baseline and two months post-intervention to test the main hypothesis that the pilot study was feasible and acceptable among the target population. It was expected that the study would demonstrate that the intervention could be successfully carried out and be undertaken on a larger scale in the future. It was also hypothesized that a pilot version of a sex-risk reduction intervention that is gender-appropriate, culturally-relevant and skill-building would show a trend of increased consistent condom use, condom use self-efficacy, sexual communication, sexual relationship power, condom use intentions, and HIV knowledge (secondary measures) compared to the no-attention control group condition. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Measures of mean and variance including standard deviations (SD) and ranges were used to describe the full range of data at baseline and at follow-up across two conditions and at two time points. The outcome data for this study were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS/Mac version 23.0 for IBM PC/MAC and PS/2, SPSS, Inc., Armonk, NY, 2015). Qualitative data in the form of participant and facilitator feedback were used to analyze intervention feasibility and acceptability. The findings of this pilot study suggest that the delivery of a theoretically-based and culturally-relevant intervention is feasible within a university college setting and that the content of the intervention was accessible to participants. Additionally, there was an overall trend in increased condom use rate regardless of condition placement. In addition, intervention participants reported increased condom use self-efficacy, intention to practice safer sex, relationship control, decision-making dominance and HIV knowledge at follow-up.
Download or read book Sexually Transmitted Infections written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2021-12-24 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One in five people in the United States had a sexually transmitted infection (STI) on any given day in 2018, totaling nearly 68 million estimated infections. STIs are often asymptomatic (especially in women) and are therefore often undiagnosed and unreported. Untreated STIs can have severe health consequences, including chronic pelvic pain, infertility, miscarriage or newborn death, and increased risk of HIV infection, genital and oral cancers, neurological and rheumatological effects. In light of this, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, through the National Association of County and City Health Officials, commissioned the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to examine the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections in the United States and provide recommendations for action. In 1997, the Institute of Medicine released a report, The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Although significant scientific advances have been made since that time, many of the problems and barriers described in that report persist today; STIs remain an underfunded and comparatively neglected field of public health practice and research. The committee reviewed the current state of STIs in the United States, and the resulting report, Sexually Transmitted Infections: Advancing a Sexual Health Paradigm, provides advice on future public health programs, policy, and research.
Download or read book The Relationship Between Background Characteristics Peer Education and College Students Practice of Safer Sex written by Patricia Ann Wren and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Abstracts Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association and Related Organizations written by American Public Health Association. Annual Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impact of a Prospect Theory based Intervention on Selected College Students Safer Sex related Intentions and Behaviors written by Carol Lynne Galletly and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The theoretical foundation of this study is derived from Kahneman and Tversky's prospect theory (1979). Seminal constructs are what Kahneman and Tversky describe as a decision maker's "reference point" which contributes to whether a decision situation is evaluated from either a gain, loss, or a neutral decision "frame." Because, as prospect theory postulates, the value of gains or losses follows a nonlinear, actually "S"--Shaped function, decision makers who evaluate a decision framed as a loss will tend to make decisions that are risk-tolerant while decision makers who evaluate their decision in the realm of gains will be more risk-averse. This study explored the applicability of prospect theory's "S"-shaped value function to sexually transmitted disease prevention efforts through a safer sex intervention designed around a series of differently framed brochures on safer sex. Based on the premise that safer sex is a risky practice in that those initiating it run the risk of offending a partner or impairing sexual functioning or pleasure, five primary hypotheses were developed to determine whether subjects exposed to a negatively framed brochure on safer sex would respond more favorably on post-intervention questionnaire items related both to their intentions to practice safer sex and to their actual practice of safer sexual behaviors than subjects exposed to a brochure designed with a positive frame or to a brochure presenting no arguments at all. Data from 231 subjects were collected before the intervention began, immediately after the intervention and then ten weeks later at a second post-test. The research design was pre-test post-test comparison group design. Analysis of variance results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between the mean of the safer sex intention or behavior scores of subjects exposed to a brochure emphasizing what could be lost by not practicing safer sex and the mean of the safer sex intention or behavior scores of subjects exposed to a brochure emphasizing what can be gained or maintained by practicing safer sex or a brochure presenting information on safer sex with no frame at all.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of HIV Prevention written by John L. Peterson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the theories, methods and approaches for reducing HIV-associated risk behaviors. It represents the first single source of information about HIV prevention research in developed and developing countries. It will be an important resource for students, researchers and clinicians in the field.
Download or read book Adapting a Brief Evidence Based Intervention for Text Message Delivery to Young Adult Black Women written by Tiffany Monique Montgomery and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Young adult Black women have the highest sexually transmitted disease rates among all U.S. women. There are several evidence-based interventions (EBIs) targeted toward this population, yet they each require travel to a healthcare facility or other location. With the increased use of mobile devices, mobile health technology is being utilized more frequently to deliver health interventions. Instead of creating entirely new technologically savvy interventions, the CDC recommends adaptation of EBIs. The purpose of this study was to adapt an EBI for delivery via text messages. This two-phase, mixed methods pilot study was guided by several philosophical underpinnings (empiricism, critical theory, pragmatism, and intersectionality) and theories (Social Cognitive Theory, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Theory of Gender and Power). A modified version of the ADAPT-ITT model was also used to guide the study. During phase one, a research advisory board was recruited to assist with intervention adaptation, phase two recruitment strategies, and interpretation of study results. In phase two, the newly adapted intervention was pilot tested among a sample of young adult Black women (n = 88), who were randomized to the intervention or control group. Study outcomes included intervention acceptability and feasibility, and preliminary changes in condom use, condom-use self-efficacy and intention, and sexual relationship power. Acceptability and feasibility of the intervention were high. The overwhelming majority of comments from intervention group participants were positive. Between baseline and follow-up, condom use frequency increased among participants in both study groups. However, there was no significant time by group interaction. Furthermore, while condom use self-efficacy and intention significantly increased among participants in both groups, no time by group interaction was found. Finally, intention was identified as a main predictor of condom use at baseline and follow-up. The results of this study provide support for intervention modifications that may strengthen outcomes in a future efficacy study of the revised S2S text messaging intervention. It is important that women's health researchers and educators continue to adapt and evaluate interventions using technologically advanced methods of delivery. Text messaging is a promising method of delivery for EBIs aimed at the reduction of high-risk sexual behaviors among young adult Black women. Intervention adaptation using other types of technology should be investigated as well.
Download or read book Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Educational Intervention to Prevent the Transmission of Sexually Transmitted Infections in College Students written by Kristine Jankovitz and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Development and Evaluation of a Web based Intervention to Increase Safer Sexual Behavior Among Undergraduate Students written by Erika Megumi Shearer and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) among undergraduate students, a paucity of empirically supported programs aimed at reducing STI transmission exist. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a theory-driven, web-based, safer sex intervention tailored specifically for undergraduate students. A sample of 100 sexually active undergraduate students completed baseline questionnaires assessing sociodemographics, sexual risk taking, history of potentially traumatizing events, endorsement of health behavior theory constructs (e.g. health behavior constructs pertaining to the theory of reasoned action and transtheoretical model), and endorsement of specific barriers to condom use. Results from the 30 undergraduate students who completed questionnaires at 1-month follow up revealed a significant effect of the intervention condition on condom use behaviors, with individuals in the web-based safer sex intervention condition reporting more consistent condom use than individuals in the waitlist control condition. There was no effect of the intervention on ratings of health behavior theory constructs. Results of a hierarchical regression analysis revealed that 31% of the variability in condom use was predicted by the combination of relationship status, condom use intent and behavioral processes of change. Over half of intervention participants reported that the information presented in the intervention was relevant, they "learned a great deal", the experience was fun, and they would recommend the workshop to a friend. This study provides preliminary evidence in support of the effectiveness and feasibility of a web-based intervention aimed at increasing safer sexual behaviors among undergraduate students.
Download or read book Safer Sex Choices Among African American College Women written by Faith E. Foreman and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third study explores the association between knowledge and risk perception as predictors for safer sex behaviors. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and other STDs was not found to be a determinant of safer sex behavior. Perception of personal risk was also not highly correlated with consistent safer sex behavior.
Download or read book Sexual Health and Black College Students written by Naomi M. Hall and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-06-16 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the various psychosocial, sociocultural, and contextual factors that affect the sexual health of Black students who attend Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), and how this environment can help develop strategies to improve sexual health outcomes for its students. The college environment provides young people with a new sense of independence, self-determination, and peer pressure to engage in risky sexual behaviors, and research has shown that Black students at HBCUs bear a disproportionate burden of poorer sexual health outcomes than students at predominately white institutions (PWIs). Uniquely focusing on the sexual milieu of Black students, Hall-Byers explains why a better understanding of these settings is needed to guide successful interventions that benefit and support the sexual health of Black students. Chapters compare data and research on sexual health outcomes of young Black men and women in comparison to those at predominately white institutions, as well as looking at the role of HBCU campus contexts and cultures, the potential psychosocial and sociocultural influences, what culturally responsive approaches may look like, and recommendations on how HBCU campuses can increase positive sexual health, such as through access, collaborative efforts among administrative offices, and reallocating resources. Sexual Health and Black College Students aims to advance the translation of culturally grounded research into effective practice and is essential reading for researchers and practitioners in sex therapy, public health, and social science as well as for college health staff, including nurses, student affairs, and campus wellness centers.
Download or read book Safer sex Behavior Change in College Students written by Cynthia Rosengard and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exploring Self efficacy and Locus of Control as Risk Factors in Sexual Decision Making for African American Women written by Asher M. Pimpleton and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexually transmitted diseases have reached epidemic proportions, especially among African Americans. However, African American women have emerged as being one of the hardest hit groups by the most fatal of sexually transmitted diseases - the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Although there has been much speculation regarding contributing risk factors specific to this group, previous research has focused mostly on low-income, uneducated or drug-addicted individuals. Still, these factors do not account for the infection rates among educated, non-addicted and financially stable women. In this study, psychological variables of self-efficacy and locus of control were explored study as potential risk factors in sexual decision making for African American women enrolled at two Midwestern universities. Locus of control was a significant predictor of normative beliefs regarding safer sex practices, while self-efficacy was not found to be a significant predictor for sexual decision-making. However, there was a significant interaction between self-efficacy and locus of control in relation to participants' intentions to practice safer sex. The results and implications for counseling, counselor education, research and prevention are discussed.
Download or read book The Effects of Peer Leaders and Social Cognitive Skills Components in a Safer Sex Intervention on a College Campus written by Patricia Kate Stegall-Harris and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Handbook of Behavior Change written by Martin S. Hagger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-15 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social problems in many domains, including health, education, social relationships, and the workplace, have their origins in human behavior. The documented links between behavior and social problems have compelled governments and organizations to prioritize and mobilize efforts to develop effective, evidence-based means to promote adaptive behavior change. In recognition of this impetus, The Handbook of Behavior Change provides comprehensive coverage of contemporary theory, research, and practice on behavior change. It summarizes current evidence-based approaches to behavior change in chapters authored by leading theorists, researchers, and practitioners from multiple disciplines, including psychology, sociology, behavioral science, economics, philosophy, and implementation science. It is the go-to resource for researchers, students, practitioners, and policy makers looking for current knowledge on behavior change and guidance on how to develop effective interventions to change behavior.
