Download or read book Teratological Testing written by T.V.N. Persaud and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of birth defects has assumed an importance even greater now than in the past because mortality rates attributed to congenital anomalies have declined far less than those for other causes of death, such as infectious and nutritional diseases. It is estimated that as many as 50% of all pregnancies terminate as miscarriages. In the majority of cases this is the result of faulty development. Major congenital malformations are found in at least 2% of all liveborn infants, and 22% of all stillbirths and infant deaths are associated with severe congenital anomalies. Teratological studies of an experimental nature are neither ethical nor justifiable in humans. Numerous investigations have been carried out in laboratory animals and other experimental models in order to improve our understanding of abnormal intra-uterine development. In less than two decades the field of experimental teratology has advanced phenomenally. As a result of the wide range of information that is now accumulating, it has become possible to obtain an insight into the causes, mec.;hanisms and prevention of birth defects. However, considerable work will be needed before these problems can be resolved. The· contributions in this volume deal primarily with the areas of terato logical evaluation and the use of selected animal models for the study of con genital anomalies. It is not only a documentation of the latest experimental work, but it also indicates new and important areas for future research.
Download or read book Teratogenicity Testing written by Paul C. Barrow and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2012-11-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teratology is the study of chemical-induced birth defects. This book is a comprehensive guide to the procedures and methods commonly employed in the safety testing of all classes of chemical for teratogenicity (also referred to as embryotoxicity, developmental toxicity or prenatal toxicity). The various international regulatory requirements are explained in detail, in order that the reader may perform all of the necessary studies for the successful registration or marketing authorisation of a new pharmaceutical, industrial chemical, crop protection product or food additive. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, each chapter gives clear complete instructions on how to perform the task in hand. The authors are respected experts in their field, all with hands-on experience of the procedures described. Teratogenicity Testing: Methods and Protocols gives crucial guidance and tips on how to deal with unexpected results and overcome regulatory difficulties.
Download or read book Teratogenicity Testing written by Luís Félix and published by Humana. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed book provides a compilation of laboratory techniques and tests to assess the risks to embryo-fetal development from drug exposure during early developmental stages. After an introduction to teratogenicity testing, the contents explore both in vitro and in vivo techniques in the study of the teratogenic and fetotoxic effects of drugs, as well as numerous animal-based teratology methods. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and comprehensive, Teratogenicity Testing: Methods and Protocols describes methods that integrate a battery of tests that can be performed in cells, organs, tissues, and animal models for evaluating toxicity and/or the safety of compounds in early developmental stages with the goal of estimating, preventing, or minimizing the teratogenic potential of drugs.
Download or read book Issues and Reviews in Teratology written by Harold Kalter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teratology is at once among the oldest and youngest of human preoccupations. Coincident with man's first observations of the stars were his recordings of human and animal deformities. But, such aberrancies must have occurred even earlier, for although it is one of those things-like evolution-that cannot be proven, it is nevertheless indisputable that dysmorphogenesis must have occurred from the time complex forms of life first arose on our planet; and that from the beginnings of human awareness our species was conscious of such happenings. From the earliest recordings of this fascination with the form and meaning of abnormality a tortuous but continuous line extends to modern struggles to understand and control these manifestations. And now, after long occupying an honorable but peripheral place in the halls of philosophical and scientific pursuits, teratology has quite suddenly come to take a prominent position at the hub of a complex crossroads of human concerns. This shift in its fortune has taken several forms. Fetal maldevelopment has become the concern of environmentalists, activists of various persuasions, indus trial organizations, government agencies, ethicists, parents-i. e. , individuals and groups whose actions are impelled by apprehension. Such motives are of course not without basis; the trauma of thalidomide left a scar yet raw. For still others clinicians, academics, experimentalists-the upsurge in the interest in fetal mal development is at a different level, and their pursuits are broad, taking external agents as but one of the causes of defective development.
Download or read book Teratology written by C.L. Berry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the fifteen years since the thalidomide disaster teratology has become a science in its own right, distinct from its progenitors, experimental embryology and develop mental biology, but bearing many of the familiar features of both parents. In this growth period there have been contributions from many different scientific disciplines as diverse as molecular biology and obstetrics, which have united in the field of study of congenital malformations. Scientists in academic departments, government research institutes and industrial pharmacology have all explored ways of evaluating the potential of drugs and chem icals to damage the embryo; strict methods of screening for teratogenicity have be come mandatory in most parts of the world. Despite a wealth of basic information in the fields of genetics and embryology, there is little concrete knowledge of the causal mechanisms of malformation in Man, and even less concerning the relevance to Man of those laboratory and animal tests which decide the fate of potentially useful drugs. It is timely, therefore, that in 1975 a group of young and active sci entists and clinicians concerned with the broader implications of teratology should review the past and look to the future of this emerging speciality. In this volume the editors have blended the opinions of teratologists; their message presages change in many of the old and accepted areas of investigative teratology.
Download or read book Issues and Reviews in Teratology written by H. Kalter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why Efforts to Expand the Meaning of "Teratogen" Are Unacceptable Disagreement about nomenclature in teratology is not new. Dissent even about the very fabric of the discipline-what congenital malformations consist of-has often been voiced. Time, instead of resolving such diffi culties, has sometimes worsened them. For example, in the past it was agreed that congenital malforma tions are abnormalities of structure present at birth, but differences of opinion concerning where the line between normal and abnormal was to be drawn prevailed. It was obvious that, in order to discover the causes of congenital malformations and cast strategies for their prevention, it would be necessary to have knowledge of the baseline of their frequency, and that this required uniformity of definition of terms. Since malfor mations of primary social concern are those having grave outcomes (and are, paradoxically, also the commonest ones), it is logical that such condi tions were the first consideration of investigators and were the defects whose frequency was considered to comprise the required baseline.
Download or read book Environmental Health Perspectives written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Teratology in the Twentieth Century Plus Ten written by Harold Kalter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-28 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Serious congenital malformations are a major contributor to the infant death rate worldwide. Their nonhereditary causes are multiple and complex, and include infectious and metabolic dangers, disease medication, nutritional inadequacy, medicinal products, environmental agents and pollutants, among them. The cause of many however is still unknown. The wide range of these causes makes the defects of interest to those of a wide range of medical and investigatory backgrounds, especialy clinicians, fundamental scientists, and environmentalists.
Download or read book Teratology in the Twentieth Century written by H. Kalter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-06-06 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an an up-to-date survey and summary of present knowledge and future expectations regarding the environmental causes of congenital malformations in human beings, beginning with the earliest discoveries of the 20th century up to the latest ideas and problems at its end, presents views and comments on the progress made over the century in understanding human prenatal maldevelopment.
Download or read book Teratology and Congenital Malformations KWIC index Mephenesin Zymogram Author index written by Lois Weinstein and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 14,000 entries to international literature on congenital malformations caused by a variety of agents. Includes journal articles, books, book reviews, symposia, proceedings, and abstracts from meetings. Consists of retrospective searches undertaken in 1962 by Lederle Laboratories, plus all references in Lederle's journal titled Teratogenicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity, 1963-1973. Emphasizes experimental work, but also includes clinical. Accession number arrangement. Entries include bibliographical information, abbreviation of foreign language, and secondary source. KWIC, author indexes.
Download or read book Teratology written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publishes original reports of studies in all areas of abnormal development and related fields. It also welcomes reviews of topics of current significance and letters discussing papers that have appeard in Teratology or that deal with controversial scientific matters of interest to its readers.
Download or read book Alternatives to the Use of Live Vertebrates in Biomedical Research and Testing written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Teratologic Assessment of Butylene Oxide Styrene Oxide and Methyl Bromide written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environment and Birth Defects written by James Graves Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Risk Assessment of Prenatally Induced Adverse Health Effects written by Diether Neubert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the thalidomide (Contergan) tragedy about 30 years ago the induction of prenatally-induced morphological or functional defects has been an area of extensive research. Risk assessment of prenatally-induced adverse health effects is still a difficult task from both experimental data as well asfrom observations in humans. In the contributions to this book three major aspects are dealt with: - Quantitative extrapolations of experimental data to the situation possibly relevant for man. - The significance for a risk assessment with respect to man of minor or rare structural abnormalities observed in experimental studies - The future need to assess congenital dysfunctions (e.g. of the hormone or the immune system) beside the present evaulation of structural defects. Limitations as well as gaps of the present knowledge in this area of basic and applied research are pointed out. Since the results of prenatally-induced lesions may manifest themselves not only pre- but often not before late postnatally, numerous aspects of structural and functional abnormaldevelopment must be studied in experimental and clinical investigations.
Download or read book Alternatives to Ethylene Dibromide EDB written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Principles of Animal Extrapolation 1991 written by Edward J. Calabrese and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Animal Extrapolation addresses the conceptual basis for animal extrapolation and provides an abundance of documentation that illustrates how these principles may be applied in the selection of the more appropriate models and in the interpretation of toxicological studies. The book analyzes and documents each specific biological cause of interspecies differences in susceptibility to toxic agents, including differences in absorption, gut flora, tissue distribution, metabolism, mechanisms and efficiencies of repair, and excretion. The problem of the heterogenicity of the human population is addressed through several chapters that assess the availability and prospects of developing predictive animal models for normal humans, as well as selected potential high-risk groups. Other topics presented in this book include the biological basis of regulatory actions involving attempts to extrapolate from exceptionally high exposure levels to realistic values, especially carcinogens; an assessment of genotoxicity tests, their ability to predict carcinogenicity in whole animals, and the manner in which they should be used by regulatory agencies; birth defects; and predicting the risk of human teratogenesis. Principle of Animal Extrapolation is essential for environmental toxicologists. It also provides valuable information to biomedical scientists (especially those involved in drug development and testing) and regulatory personnel in agencies such as the EPA, the OSHA, the NIOSH, and the FDA.
