Download or read book Inflammation and tendon healing written by Parmis Blomgran and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2017-10-30 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tendons heal through three different overlapping phases; the inflammatory, proliferative and remodeling phase. Many studies have investigated what factors influence healing of tendons. However, little was known about inflammation and the immune cells present during Achilles tendon healing by the time this thesis started. We developed a flow cytometry method for our rat model of tendon healing, which enabled us to study different leukocyte subpopulations during Achilles tendon healing. The general aim of this thesis was to understand more about inflammation and the immune cell populations present during tendon healing and how the immune cell composition changes during normal tendon healing. Moreover, we investigated how different factors that are known to influence tendon healing affected the composition of the immune cell population. First, we described the immune cells during the time course of tendon healing focusing on different subpopulations of macrophages and T cells. Then, we studied how these cells were influenced by reduced mechanical loading. Mechanical loading prolonged the presence of M1 macrophages and delayed the switch to regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages compared to reduced mechanical loading. Next, the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the leukocyte composition revealed that, even though NSAIDs influence the mechanical properties of healing tendon, this effect was not mediated via changes in the leukocyte sub-populations during early and mid-time tendon healing. Further, the effect of corticosteroids during the inflammatory and remodeling phases of tendon healing was an improved healing of tendons and a reduction of CD8a T cells when corticosteroid was administered after the inflammatory phase. Lastly, we investigated if impairment of tendon healing by NSAIDs was related to mechanotransduction or microdamage during mechanical loading and showed that NSAIDs impair tendon healing by reducing the response to microdamage. In conclusion, these studies show that inflammation plays an important role during Achilles tendon healing, and factors that influence healing can also alter the presence or polarization of immune cell populations.
Download or read book Tendon Injuries written by Nicola Maffulli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-02-09 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tendon ailments are a significant cause of morbidity among athletes of all levels and are increasing in prevalence. Their management is often empirical, and para-scientific, only looking at the biological aspects of tendon ailments. This book conveys a comprehensive and concise body of knowledge on the management of tendon problems in sportspeople with practical details of clinical protocols. Tendon Injuries: Basic Science and Clinical Medicine is specifically dedicated to the clinical aspects of tendinopathy and provides the required knowledge and scientific basis for the sports medicine practitioner, orthopedic specialist and student facing upper and lower limb tendon ailments in athletes. A comprehensive review of tendon disorders is given and modern criteria of management outlined to form the basis of effective clinical management of this group of patients.
Download or read book Tendon Healing written by Malin Hammerman and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-02-20 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanical loading and the inflammatory response during tendon healing might be important for the healing process. Mechanical loading can improve the healing tendon but the mechanism is not fully understood. The aim of this thesis was to further clarify the effect of mechanical loading on tendon healing and how mechanical loading affects the inflammatory response during the healing process. We used a rat Achilles tendon model to study healing. The rats were exposed to different degrees of loading by unloading methods such as paralysis of the calf muscles with Botox, tail suspension, and an orthosis (a boot). Full loading was achieved by free cage activity or treadmill walking. Microdamage in tendons, unloaded with Botox, was also investigated by needling. The healing tendons were evaluated in a materials testing machine (to analyze the mechanical properties), by gene expression analysis (microarray and PCR), or histology. Our results show that moderate loading (unloading with Botox) improves the mechanical properties of healing tendons compared to minimal loading (unloading with Botox in combination with tail suspension or a boot), especially the material properties. In accordance to these findings, expression of extracellular matrix genes were also increased by moderate compared to minimal loading. Full loading improved all mechanical properties and the expression of extracellular matrix genes was further increased compared to moderate loading. However, structural properties, such as the strength and the size of the healing tendon, were more affected by full loading. Full loading also affected the expression of inflammation-related genes during the early healing phase, 3 and 5 days after tendon injury, and increased the number of immune cells in the healing tendon tissue. Also microdamage of the healing tendon (detected by blood leakage) was increased by full loading compared to moderate loading during the early healing phase. Induced microdamage by repeated needling in the healing tendon tissue increased the structural properties of the healing tendon. The gene expression after needling was similar to the gene expression after full loading. The improvement of mechanical properties by loading in healing tendons was decreased by an anti-inflammatory drug called parecoxib, which decreases the production of prostaglandins by inhibiting COX-2 activity. The effect of parecoxib was reduced when loading was reduced but we could not confirm that the effect of parecoxib was related to the degree of loading. However, parecoxib abolished the stimulatory effect of microdamage. In conclusion, these studies show that moderate loading improves the quality of the healing tendon whereas full loading also increases the quantity of the healing tendon tissue. Full loading creates microdamage and increases inflammation during the early healing phase. The strong effect of full loading on the structural properties might be due to microdamage. Indeed, the anti-inflammatory drug parecoxib seems to impair mechanical stimulation of healing tendons by reducing the response to microdamage.
Download or read book Tendon and Ligament Healing written by William Weintraub and published by Redwing Book Company. This book was released on 2003 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 25 years of practicing structural/osteopathic manual therapy the author has done considerable work with seriously damaged tendons and ligaments, and has achieved results that conventional medicine would rate as improbable. Over time, he has developed a therapeutic model for treating these injuries so that individuals with chronic conditions -- who have exhausted the standard physiotherapy options and are facing surgery -- can have a viable option for recovery. His techniques, based on basic principles of structural healthcare, emphasize the importance of precise anatomical focus and the capacity to work with subtle changes of structure. Of essential importance is combining detailed specific treatment of the small fibers and tissues of the local injury area with an overall approach to improving larger body patterns and tensions. Logically, the responsiveness and self-corrective capacity of body tissues when given proper conditions is also an important factor. The primary techniques used are the osteopathic methods of strain-counterstrain, cranial and visceral osteopathy, and fascial release, as well as body-mind centering, zero balancing, and acupressure. His clinical model, which represents a new approach to serious, chronic tendon and ligament injuries, is based on these techniques, their combinations and specific usage, and the skills and aptitudes necessary for applying these techniques, including certain perceptual skills and a thorough knowledge of anatomy and kinesiology. Weintraub's descriptions are vital, interesting, alive, absorbing, even dramatic. He discusses at great length the nature of the tendons and ligaments, describes his manual therapy model -- comparing it with conventional medical procedures -- and covers processes and tissue changes in tendon/ligament healing as related to manual therapy. Case studies, self-help strategies, and thoughtful words on clinical efficacy and future directions in the field make for a thorough and well-rounded presentation. (Product Description).
Download or read book Repair and Regeneration of Ligaments Tendons and Joint Capsule written by William R. Walsh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-28 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and authoritative review of the most important scientific and clinically relevant topics today in ligaments, tendons, and capsular biology, including their biomechanics and surgical reconstruction. The authors review the basic science of tendons in the hand and shoulder ligaments, the current clinical status of the shoulder and cruciate ligaments, and the latest advances in research on the healing of ligament and tendon to bone, artificial ligaments, and gene therapy. They also cover the major type 1 collagen soft tissues that are of particular interest to upper extremity surgeons and sports medicine specialists.
Download or read book Tendons written by Hasan Sözen and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-12-04 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mankind has reached its present physical form through evolution of the movement system. Muscles, bones, and joints are the most important components of the movement system. Muscles are active elements, while bones and joints are passive elements. But to bring about movement, these three elements must work together. Tendons are round, oval, or flat tissues that connect muscles to bones. Muscle, tendon, or ligament injuries prevent motion so this is an important issue in trauma. If muscle, tendon, or ligament injuries occur together with vessel or nerve injury, it may be life threatening. The cause of injury might differ from a simple sports injury to a serious traffic accident. Muscles, bones, and joints have taken their place in the literature, but it would be wrong to say the same for tendons. This book describes tendons from different perspectives, thus providing the missing information in the literature. I hope that this book will be useful for anyone who wants to read about new perspectives on tendons. I also hope that it will inspire researchers working in this field.
Download or read book Tendon Regeneration written by Manuela E. Gomes and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-08-08 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tendon Regeneration: Understanding Tissue Physiology and Development to Engineer Functional Substitutes is the first book to highlight the multi-disciplinary nature of this specialized field and the importance of collaboration between medical and engineering laboratories in the development of tissue-oriented products for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) strategies. Beginning with a foundation in developmental biology, the book explores physiology, pathology, and surgical reconstruction, providing guidance on biological approaches that enhances tendon regeneration practices. Contributions from scientists, clinicians, and engineers who are the leading figures in their respective fields present recent findings in tendon stem cells, cell therapies, and scaffold treatments, as well as examples of pre-clinical models for translational therapies and a view of the future of the field. Provides an overview of tendon biology, disease, and tissue engineering approaches Presents modern, alternative approaches to developing functional tissue solutions discussed Includes valuable information for those interested in tissue engineering, tissue regeneration, tissue physiology, and regenerative medicine Explores physiology, pathology, and surgical reconstruction, building a natural progression that enhances tendon regeneration practices Covers recent findings in tendon stem cells, cell therapies, and scaffold treatments, as well as examples of pre-clinical models for translational therapies and a view of the future of the field
Download or read book The Achilles Tendon written by Hajo Thermann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-20 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, written by leading experts in the field, is a comprehensive guide to the best available techniques in Achilles tendon surgery. Each surgical procedure is described step by step, covering all of the approaches employed for the most common and important Achilles tendon pathologies. The clear descriptions are complemented by superb drawings prepared by a medical artist on the basis of photographs supplied by the authors. Pearls and possible pitfalls are identified to ensure optimal outcomes for patients. The book is the outcome of a collaboration among international Achilles tendon experts – the Achilles Tendon Study Group – that has already resulted in four other books on current concepts relating to the Achilles tendon. Like these previous volumes, The Achilles Tendon – An Atlas of Surgical Procedures is based on the highest level of evidence and expertise. It will be invaluable for orthopaedic surgeons, trauma surgeons, and residents, assisting them in their daily clinical work.
Download or read book Tendon Surgery of the Hand E Book written by Jin Bo Tang and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-04-23 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get the best results from the latest procedures with Tendon Surgery of the Hand, the only reference that offers comprehensive coverage of this complex and challenging area. World-renowned experts guide you through all of the newest techniques and technologies, equipping you to restore optimal function in your patients. It's your one-stop source for mastering today's best approaches to treating tendon injuries and disorders of the hand. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader with intuitive search tools and adjustable font sizes. Elsevier eBooks provide instant portable access to your entire library, no matter what device you're using or where you're located. Successfully implement hot new repair techniques involving new suture materials, tendon sheath and pulley treatments, vascularized tendon grafts, and recent postoperative rehabilitation methods. Improve your primary flexor tendon repair and rehabilitation treatment planning based on surgical and post-surgical care principles that clearly describe successful global methods and protocols. Benefit from the collective knowledge and experience of an international group of surgeons, investigators, and therapists who offer unique and insightful techniques and advice. See how to perform key techniques with exclusive operative videos online. Access the complete contents online at expertconsult.com.
Download or read book Tendon Surgery of the Hand written by Jin Bo Tang and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-06-07 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get the best results from the latest procedures with Tendon Surgery of the Hand, the only reference that offers comprehensive coverage of this complex and challenging area. World-renowned experts guide you through all of the newest techniques and technologies, equipping you to restore optimal function in your patients. It's your one-stop source for mastering today's best approaches to treating tendon injuries and disorders of the hand. Successfully implement hot new repair techniques involving new suture materials, tendon sheath and pulley treatments, vascularized tendon grafts, and recent postoperative rehabilitation methods. Improve your primary flexor tendon repair and rehabilitation treatment planning based on surgical and post-surgical care principles that clearly describe successful global methods and protocols. Benefit from the collective knowledge and experience of an international group of surgeons, investigators, and therapists who offer unique and insightful techniques and advice. See how to perform key techniques with exclusive operative videos online. Access the complete contents online at expertconsult.com.
Download or read book Tendon and Ligament Healing written by William Weintraub and published by . This book was released on 2001-06 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metabolic Influences on Risk for Tendon Disorders written by Paul W. Ackermann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-17 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will be of considerable interest to students, practitioners (Doctors, Physiotherapists, and other health care professionals), and researchers who deal with the complex structure of tendons and the need to effectively address tendon disorders. The book is divided into three sections: (1) Basic Biology and Biochemical Markers; (2) Metabolic Disorders; and (3) Novel Therapies. The first section, devoted to the basic biology of tendons, is aimed at those individuals who want to gain basic information on tendons and the subsection on biochemical markers is chiefly aimed at researchers who are developing new studies within this field. The section on metabolic disorders is mainly directed at practitioners who desire to know how metabolic disorders can affect tendons in order to optimize treatment for their patients. Finally, the section on novel therapies is focused on some new treatment options within this field, and discussions regarding how management of tendon disorders needs to incorporate perspectives on current understanding of tendon metabolism.
Download or read book Tendon Injury and Repair written by Terry S. Saxby and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tendon problems are a common cause of foot and ankle pathology. In the past decade there has been significant advances in the management of these problems. This has been achieved not only by an improvement of surgical techniques but also through a better understanding of tendon injury and healing. In this issue we will review the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of common tendon problems beginning with a review of tendon healing. This issue will provide the reader with an excellent review of all that is new on this topic.
Download or read book Collagen written by Peter Fratzl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-10 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not only does this book provide a comprehensive review of current research advances in collagen structure and mechanics, it also explores this biological macromolecule’s many applications in biomaterials and tissue engineering. Readers gain an understanding of the structure and mechanical behavior of type I collagen and collagen-based tissues in vertebrates across all length scales, from the molecular (nano) to the organ (macro) level.
Download or read book The Achilles Tendon written by James A. Nunley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-10 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disorders of the Achilles tendon are universal, affecting people in a wide range of age groups. Because the Achilles tendon is one of the most pow- ful musculotendinous structures in the body, the impact of an injury to the Achilles tendon becomes magnified. There is a wide range of disorders or problems that can involve the insertional region, where pathology may rest with bone, tendon, or bursae. A completely different set of pathologic entities resides in the noninsertional region, one of which may include the frustrating degenerative tendinopathy. As our growing population ages but remains phy- cally active longer into life, the incidence of these disorders will continue to increase. I am proud to be given the opportunity to write the foreword to this text, which is intended for foot and ankle surgeons worldwide. Seldom does a book on a single entity become a current concepts review, as this work has. Too often, textbooks are not published for several years after the chapters have been written, making them obsolete upon publication. Not so with this book, which deals with timely topics on the Achilles tendon. Dr. James Nunley has compiled this work in slightly over a year, thus providing the reader with sta- of-the-art material. Dr. Nunley had the foresight to create a much needed techniques-oriented book dealing with the complexities of the Achilles tendon. His approach was to develop a comprehensive guide to managing Achilles tendon problems.
Download or read book Bio orthopaedics written by Alberto Gobbi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-26 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the exciting field of orthobiology, which will usher in a new array of therapeutic approaches that stimulate the body’s natural resources to regenerate musculoskeletal tissues damaged by trauma or disease. The book addresses a range of key topics and discusses emerging approaches that promise to offer effective alternatives to traditional treatments for injuries to bone, cartilage, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. It explains in detail how a variety of innovative products, including biomaterials, growth factors, and autogenous cells, together provide the basis for the regeneration of these musculoskeletal structures and how recent scientific progress has created unique opportunities to address pathological situations that until recently have been treated with unsatisfactory results. The authors are experts from across the world who come together to provide a truly global overview. The book is published in collaboration with ISAKOS. It will be invaluable for all with an interest in this area of medicine, which has already attained huge popularity in Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine and has also attracted the attention of the lay public.
Download or read book Using Development and Natural Healing as a Paradigm to Improve Tendon Repair written by Nathaniel A. Dyment and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tendon and ligament injuries present a significant socioeconomic problem. Tissue engineering has become an attractive option for improving repair of these injuries. Our lab has previously shown success utilizing stem-cell based therapies but we have yet to produce repairs that functionally match normal tendon mechanical properties for more strenuous activities of daily living. This dissertation focuses on using the differences between normal embryonic development and natural adult healing as a strategy to improve repair outcome of tendon injuries. We first analyzed the biology and mechanics of natural healing in the mouse patellar tendon and how these processes compared to normal tendon development. Understanding the differences between these processes may provide therapeutic targets to modulate during the healing process. We found that natural healing of a central patellar tendon defect followed a traditional healing response with inflammation at 1 week, repair at 2 weeks, and remodeling at 3 weeks and greater. The healing tissue yielded a non-functional repair with stiffnesses and ultimate loads that plateaued at 60% of normal PT after 5 weeks of healing. We found in the second study that the healing tendons exhibited reduced expression of known tenogenic transcription factors and fibrillogenic genes during healing. Type-I and type-III collagen gene expression was elevated during healing of both the injury and sham tendons; however, the reduced expression of tenogenic and fibrillogenic markers suggests that the matrix was not properly assembled, leading to a non-functional scar. In order to promote tendon differentiation during repair, we then stimulated mesenchymal progenitor cell collagen constructs with myogenic (myoblasts) and tenogenic (tendon fibroblasts) signals in culture. We found that myoblast- and Achilles tendon fibroblast-conditioned media did not promote differentiation of the constructs as gene expression of tenogenic markers was unchanged. While the central patellar tendon defect is a reproducible model, it is not clinically relevant as it does not display degeneration, which is seen in over 90% of clinical injuries. Therefore, the next study compared the effect of prostaglandin-E2 and collagenase delivery on creating degenerative aspects in the rabbit patellar tendon. We found that collagenase yielded reduced mechanical properties and histological aspects of degeneration at 4 weeks but did not sustain these changes at 16 weeks. The final study of this dissertation applied the methodologies used in our previous tendon healing studies to understand fracture healing in the mouse as our lab transitions into developing tissue engineered strategies for improving bone repair. We compared sub-critical vs. critical femoral defects and found that the sub-critical defects healed with successful periosteal bridging while the critical defects yielded impaired healing with capping of the ends of the bone. Future studies need to determine the lineage of the cells that contribute to healing and if these cells can be modulated to improve repair. Mechanistic studies that alter expression of these tenogenic markers are needed to further understand the molecular signaling that drives healing. Further understanding of the healing process will provide tissue engineers with potential treatment modalities to ultimately improve repair outcome and the patient's quality of life.
