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Book Temperature Salinity Analysis of World Ocean Waters

Download or read book Temperature Salinity Analysis of World Ocean Waters written by O.I. Mamayev and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-05-22 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperature-Salinity Analysis of World Ocean Waters

Book Temperature salinity analysis of world ocean waters

Download or read book Temperature salinity analysis of world ocean waters written by O. I. Mamayev and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Ocean Circulation and Climate

Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Paul J. Durack and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long-term global ocean salinity variation provides an insight into water cycle change. This connection reflects changes to the evaporation and precipitation (E–P) fields along with terrestrial runoff, which comprises the global water cycle and sets the spatial pattern of salinity on the ocean surface. The dynamic nature of the global ocean ensures that along with E–P, temperature and circulation changes also play a role in driving patterns of salinity change. This chapter provides an introduction to the global water cycle, briefly outlines the history of ocean salinity observation, and introduces results that relate resolved salinity change to water cycle change. Because of sparse observational coverage, the use of climate models are necessary to investigate these relationships. Long-term changes to global ocean salinity suggest that an unambiguous and coherent water cycle change has occurred over the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Climate model simulations project that such changes will intensify in the twenty-first century in response to continued greenhouse gas emissions.

Book A Study of the Main Regularities in the Water Structure of the World Ocean

Download or read book A Study of the Main Regularities in the Water Structure of the World Ocean written by V. N. Stepanov and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of the regularities in the structure of temperature, salinity and density fields, of water permits the elucidation of the role of main factors, determining the structure of the World Ocean waters. The types of water structure, obtained with the help of TS-curves for the World Ocean and the principal results of investigation of the vertical structure are discussed. On the basis of analysis of change of water stability gradients, the boundaries of surface, transition, intermediate, deep and bottom zones were determined; the water masses within these boundaries have the same names. The article contains a table of the lower boundaries of the structure zones for each ocean and for the World Ocean as a whole. (Author).

Book Surface Water Temperature and Salinity

Download or read book Surface Water Temperature and Salinity written by and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Changing Carbon Cycle

    The Changing Carbon Cycle

    Book Details:
  • Author : John R. Trabalka
  • Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
  • Release : 2013-03-09
  • ISBN : 1475719159
  • Pages : 615 pages

Download or read book The Changing Carbon Cycle written by John R. Trabalka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Government, cognizant of its responsibilities to future generations, has been sponsoring research for nine years into the causes, effects, and potential impacts of increased concentrations of carbon dioxide (C0 ) in the atmosphere. Agencies such as the National Science Foun 2 dation, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) cooperatively spent about $100 million from FY 1978 through FY 1984 directly on the study of CO • The DOE, as the 2 lead government agency for coordinating the government' s research ef forts, has been responsible for about 60% of these research efforts. William James succinctly defined our purpose when he stated science must be based upon " ... irreducible and stubborn facts." Scientific knowledge can and will reduce the present significant uncertainty sur rounding our understanding of the causes, effects, and potential impacts of increasing atmospheric CO2• We have come far during the past seven years in resolving some underlyinig doubts and in narrowing the ranges of disagreement. Basic concepts have become less murky. Yet, much more must be accomplished; more irreducible and stubborn facts are needed to reduce the uncertainties so that we can improve our knowledge base. Uncertainty can never be reduced to zero. However, with a much improved knowledge base, we will be able to learn, under stand, and be in a position to make decisions.

Book The Global Coastal Ocean Regional Studies and Syntheses

Download or read book The Global Coastal Ocean Regional Studies and Syntheses written by Kenneth H. Brink and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 1096 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea

Download or read book Oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea written by Katrin Schroeder and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-10-16 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea: An Introductory Guide provides a comprehensive but concise introduction to the physical oceanography of one of the most fascinating marginal seas, the Mediterranean Sea. The book is primarily focused on the state-of-the-art understanding of the physical functioning of the Mediterranean Sea, while embracing the fundamentals of associated geological and chemical processes. Written by multiple scientists active over many years in the Mediterranean marine community, the book provides a broad overview on the information needed to get a robust background on the physical oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea for students in oceanography, climate science, marine geology and chemistry or scientists unfamiliar with the region. Provides a comprehensive but concise introduction to the physical oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea Presents the existing links between climate, ocean, biogeochemical cycles and geological evolution at the Mediterranean scale Presents clear examples of the Mediterranean region, as well as comparisons with other regions globally

Book Principles of Ocean Physics

Download or read book Principles of Ocean Physics written by John R. Apel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, significant advances in both the theoretical and observational sides of physical oceanography have allowed the ocean's physical behavior to be described more quantitatively. This book discusses the physical mechanisms and processes of the sea, and will be valuable not only to oceanographers but also physicists, graduate students, and scientists working in dynamics or optics of the marine environment.

Book Brazilian Deep Sea Biodiversity

Download or read book Brazilian Deep Sea Biodiversity written by Paulo Yukio Gomes Sumida and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-27 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the biodiversity of the Brazilian deep-sea and its many unique geological and biological features, as well as a review of its ecology, conservation, and future research needs. The deep-sea Brazilian margin has an incredible geological heterogeneity with numerous characteristic seafloor features, and latitudinal changes in marine productivity, oceanographic conditions and biological communities have resulted in very distinct biological assemblages at regional and bathymetric scales. It is a tremendously rich ecosystem in terms of living species, from which many well-known historical tales have originated, and with unique importance for the global climate and humanity. Nevertheless, vast areas of the Brazilian margin have been explored for fishing, oil and gas, and other commodities, likely impacting a variety of deep-sea habitats at scales and intensities yet undetermined. This book is intended for students, scholars, professionals and a wide audience interested in the deep-sea in general and, more specifically, in the South Atlantic deep-sea.

Book Wonders of the Sea

Download or read book Wonders of the Sea written by Kendall Haven and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2005-07-30 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renowned story teller, Kendall Haven brings his expertise as an oceanographer to the authorship of this third book in a four- book series intended for teachers to use with students in the upper elementary and middle school grades. It focuses on natural phenomena of the sea (tides, tsunamis, sea spouts, giant squid, killer whales) through the eyes of ancient myth and looks at the modern day science that explains each myth, using the interdisciplinary style of teaching. Haven, bringing his knowledge of the science of oceanography, integrates various scientific fields of oceanic study—Physical Oceanography, Geologic Oceanography, Biological and Chemical Oceanography, etc.—to further integrate science curricular areas with the study of myth. Students will not only be encouraged to appreciate the magic in myth and science, but to understand the commonality of all human experience with nature over all time. The book contains myths from several different cultures along with accompanying scientific explanations to use with students. Included are bibliographies, recommended Web sites, student projects, and discussion and activity ideas. Illustrations and diagrams enhance student interest. The book is to be used by teachers and librarians with students and by students in libraries and classrooms. Grades 4-8.

Book Oceanography and Marine Environment in the Basque Country

Download or read book Oceanography and Marine Environment in the Basque Country written by A. Borja and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-03-03 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against a background of extensive multi-disciplinary oceanographic investigations over a number of years, together with the long-term establishment of a Society and Institute, extensive information is available from studies undertaken in the estuarine and coastal waters of the Basque Country. The present authors gained access to unpublished literature and reports which, together with a synthesis of internationally-refereed papers, provide a series of scientific overviews of particular subject areas. Teams of researchers (from Basque Institutes and Universities) combine to present the present 'state of knowledge', within a global context, of processes ranging from sub-seabed to air-sea interaction - incorporating data on the associated biology (including fisheries) and pollutant sources and levels. The latter are compared with regional, national and European legislation. The volume is divided into various sections: Introduction; Geography and Oceanography; Chemical Oceanography and Water Quality; Sediment Characteristics, Quality and Chemistry; Biomonitoring; Communities and Ecology; and Overall Assessment. The topics covered include: an historical review of marine research; the impact of human activities, during past centuries; geology, geomorphology and sediments; climate and meteorology; marine dynamics; hydrography; water mass characteristics; contaminants in the waters; microbiological quality; sedimentological characteristics; contaminants in sediments; biomonitoring of heavy metals and organic components, at tissue organism level and using cellular and molecular biomarkers; bacterioplankton and phytoplankton communities; zooplankton communities; benthic communities; seabirds; biodiversity and conservation; recovery of benthic communities; the polluted systems; and assessment of human impacts. On the basis of these syntheses, future challenges for marine research in the Basque Country are identified, in terms of a 'Research Agenda'. This comprehensive text, relating to estuarine, coastal and oceanographic processes at wide-ranging spatial and temporal scales in the southern Bay of Biscay, will be of interest to researchers, engineers and legislators - on a regional basis and within a world-wide perspective.

Book Global Ecological Consequences of the 1982 83 El Ni o Southern Oscillation

Download or read book Global Ecological Consequences of the 1982 83 El Ni o Southern Oscillation written by P.W. Glynn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1990-09-06 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: El Niño is a meteorologic/oceanographic phenomenon that occurs sporadically (every few years) at low latitudes. It is felt particularly strongly in the eastern Pacific region, notably from the equator southwards along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru. The El Niño is a component of the ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) which accentuates the intimate and causal connection between atmospheric and marine processes. Obvious manifestations of El Niño in the eastern Pacific are anomalous warming of the sea; reduced upwelling; a marked decline in fisheries, and high rainfall with frequent flooding. The 1982/83 El Niño was exceptionally severe, and was probably the strongest warming of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to occur during this century. The warming was intense and spread over large parts of the Pacific Ocean and penetrated to greater depths than usual. Many eastern Pacific coral reefs that had exhibited uninterrupted growth for several hundred years until 1983 were devasted by the disturbance and are now in an erosional mode. Marine species were adversely affected. The consequent depletion of the plant food base resulted in significant reductions in stocks of fish, squid etc. This led to a mass migration and near-total reproductive failure of marine birds at Christmas Island. Emphasis in this volume is placed on disturbances to benthic communities; littoral populations; terrestrial communities and extratropical regions.