Download or read book Technology Adoption Human Capital and Growth Theory written by Chris Papageorgiou and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper explores a model in which growth is determined by a combination of human capital and technology adoption. At the heart of the model is the notion of "contiguous knowledge" the idea that knowledge spreads out a certain distance. Because of this property of knowledge, a country can adopt existing technology only when it is sufficiently close to the technological frontier. Unlike the neoclassical growth model, the proposed model predictions are pessimistic for countries that are far away from the frontier. The model is thus able to account both for rapid growth episodes and economic stagnation.

Download or read book Technological Adoption Human Capital and Economic Growth written by Christakis E. Papageorgiou and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Policy Technology Adoption and Growth written by William Easterly and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes a simple model of technology adoption which combines the two engines of growth emphasized in the recent growth literature: human capital accumulation and technological progress. Our model economy does not create new technologies, it simply adopts those that have been created elsewhere. The accumulation of human capital is closely tied to this adoption process: accumulating human capital simply means learning how to incorporate a new intermediate good into the production process. Since the adoption costs are proportional to the labor force, the model does not display the counterfactual scale effects that are standard in models with endogenous technical progress. We show that our model is compatible with various standard results on the effects of economic policy on the rate of growth.

Download or read book Human Capital Technology Adoption and Development written by Kerem Cosar and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a model of development in which skilled labor is an input in technology adoption. The model combines Nelson and Phelps (1966) type technology dynamics with a growth model in which intermediate goods are used to produce a final good. The intermediate good producers hire skilled labor to increase their productivity by adopting techniques from an exogenously evolving stock of world knowledge. I solve for the stationary equilibrium and derive analytic expressions for steady state income level and wage premium. In a quantitative exercise, I calibrate the model and compare its predictions with data. The model successfully accounts for cross-country income differences and within-country wage premia on skilled labor. These results strengthen the idea that different types of human capital perform separate tasks and should not be aggregated into a single stock of human capital in development accounting exercises. The availability of skilled labor is potentially much more important for development than such aggregative exercises have so far suggested.

Download or read book Focusing on the Effect of Educational Attainment and Technology Adoption on Economic Growth written by Wan-Goo Kang and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neoclassical growth theory suggests that less-developed countries will grow faster than developed countries because less-developed countries adopt technologies from the developed countries at low cost. This means that technology-adopting countries tend to grow faster when the technology gap from the technology transfer country is greater. However, experience over the last 40 years shows often that differences in growth rates across countries are persistent and some countries, especially relatively low income countries, have not grown fast in spite of a large technology gap. Therefore, this paper tries to identify environments where the technology gap affects economic growth through the diffusion of technologies obtained from leading economies by less developed ones. We assume that the benefit from the technology gap is limited by the human capital of the country and depends on interactions between that country and advanced countries. We focus on the role of average educational level in the process of technological progress through technology adoption from abroad. In addition, we test the effects of different levels of human capital. Using OLS, 3SLS, and panel analyses, this paper tests the role of human capital attainment and the effect of technology adoption combined with human capital in the growth process. This paper finds that human capital attainment and technology adoption have positive effects on economic growth. In addition, higher levels of education are more important in the later stages of development or in the developed countries. Technology adoption effects combined with human capital are increased as the human capital level increases.

Download or read book Technology Diffusion and Postwar Growth written by Diego Comin and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the aftermath of World War II, the world's economies exhibited very different rates of economic recovery. The authors provide evidence that those countries that caught up the most with the U.S. in the postwar period are those that also saw an acceleration in the speed of adoption of new technologies. This acceleration is correlated with the incidence of U.S. economic aid and technical assistance in the same period. The authors interpret this as supportive of the interpretation that technology transfers from the U.S. to Western European countries and Japan were an important factor in driving growth in these recipient countries during the postwar decades. Charts and tables.

Download or read book Finance Research Education and Growth written by L. Paganetto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-01-31 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A crucial issue in the era of globalisation and internationalization, is whether the relationship between investment and finance is beneficial to growth and development. Received wisdom is that Research and Development is essential not only for maintaining productivity, but also for competing in the marketplace. Similar questions have been raised about education and its rate of 'social return; is education necessary for improving the skill of the workforce, or does it serve primarily to facilitate the adoption of these new technologies? This book brings together a case of leading international scholars to analyze the importance of education, research and human capital and the impact of financial systems on growth and development.

Download or read book Essays on Human Capital Accumulation and Development written by Hyunseok Kim (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, I explore human capital accumulation and its implication for economic development. Chapter 1 and 2 focused on the mechanism behind the sustained economic growth of South Korea, which was a war-devastated, aid-recipient country two generations ago but now sells semiconductors and automobiles to the world. I ask how the country shifted its technology to capital-intensive production technique. These chapters consider educational policy change that led to an increase in college graduate. Chapter 3 studies the mechanism behind the divergence in employment between temporary and permanent workers in South Korea. The chapter considers the labor policy change that protects temporary employment. For each chapter, I construct a plant-level panel dataset from a series of censuses and connect it with an industry-level input-output table to consider a spillover effect. Chapter 1 studies how an increase in college graduates has affected the technology shift in South Korea. The analysis is based on the concept of complementarity in technology adoption - i.e., the idea that more adopters increase a marginal adopter's gain. I consider skilled labor as an adoption good needed for technology adoption. If complementarity exists in technology adoption, there could be multiple equilibria, possibly leading to undesirable results from coordination failure. I develop a theoretical framework which predicts that an increase in the adoption good of skilled labor could overcome coordination failure and promote a technology shift. Based on plant-level panel data from 1982-1996, I find that accumulation of more outside human capital, or more adopters, (i) benefits marginal adopting firm's profit and investment, and (ii) promotes the firm's technology shift by increasing the productivity of capital while decreasing that of unskilled workers. This paper contributes to the literature on aggregate growth theory by verifying that outside human capital accumulation and its spillover effect contribute to economic growth. Chapter 2 builds on Chapter 1, where human capital is considered an adoption good, by studying the specific role of human capital. Specifically, I explore whether research and development (R&D) is the channel through which human capital accumulation leads to a technology shift. The analysis is based on previous literature indicating that R&D generates new knowledge and the absorption of outside knowledge. The latter role of R&D, absorptive capacity, matches the concept of complementarity in chapter 1. Based on plant-level panel data, I find that (i) human capital accumulation due to the educational policy change promotes R&D in the manufacturing industries; (ii) the effect of R&D spillovers is increasing in a firm's own R&D, a finding which validates the concepts of absorptive capacity and complementarity; and (iii) more outside R&D promotes a firm's technology shift toward capital-intensity. This paper contributes to the literature on endogenous growth, which so far has focused on R&D spillover's effects on total factor productivity rather than on technology shift, by connecting absorptive capacity with complementarity in technology adoption. Chapter 3 investigates another dimension of human capital: permanent and temporary workers. The labor market in South Korea has witnessed a divergence in employment between permanent and temporary workers. The proportion of permanent workers, which had been stable between 50 and 60 percent for two decades in the 1990s and 2000s, has increased recently to above 70 percent. I point out that legislation requiring firms that hire a worker on a temporary basis for more than two years to offer them permanent status serves as a trigger for the divergence. This legislation limits the advantages (to firms) of flexibility in hiring and capacity for screening new workers. Hence, in a competitive labor market firms expect that other firms are more likely to hire permanent rather than temporary workers. If complementarity exists in permanent employment, the legislation serves as a Big Push to make the divergence happen. Based on plant-level panel data covering 2011-2019, I find that (i) flexibility and screening effect of temporary workers are overwhelmed by human capital effect, and (ii) complementarity in permanent employment holds after the temporary employment protection legislation. This paper deepens the understanding of the recent labor market phenomena in South Korea by adopting the concept of complementarity and a Big Push.

Download or read book Directed Technology Adoption Human Capital Formation and World Income Distribution written by Ioana C. Schiopu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the effects of skill bias technical change at the frontier on the evolution of output and human capital in the adopting countries. The framework introduces a novel feature by connecting the direction of technology adoption to a sequential process of skill accumulation, where the returns of advanced human capital depend on the quality of basic education. I find that moderate skill bias produces convergence in output per capita, while strong skill bias leads to convergence clubs. The predictions of the model are broadly consistent with the evolution of world income distribution and educational attainments during 1960-2000.

Download or read book Human Capital Innovation and Disruptive Digital Technology written by Muhammad Shujaat Mubarik and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-09-23 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human capital appears to be at the core of business strategies helping firms to recover from the catastrophic effects of COVID19 and bounce back effectively. The book in hand provides a diverse view of the human capital, its multifaceted role and application in an organization. The book also offers a comprehensive analysis on the role of human capital in industry 4.0, firm internationalization, and organizational ambidexterity and outlines strategies for the firm to improve its human capital readiness, keeping in view the contemporary business dynamics. A very simple and focused approach has been adopted through the book to make it readable for the people from the diverse fields. The book also focuses upon the conceptualizations and measurements of human capital in order to offer conceptual clarity of human capital to readers. A central focus of the book is how human capital interacts with and complements other organizational resources and technological developments. The book will be extremely useful for top-tier managers, researchers, academicians, consultants, and practitioners interested in gaining a current, relevant, and diverse perspective on human capital, its dimensions, and development.

Download or read book Research Anthology on Preparing School Administrators to Lead Quality Education Programs written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 1829 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The delivery of quality education to students relies heavily on the actions of an institution’s administrative staff. Effective leadership strategies allow for the continued progress of modern educational initiatives. It is crucial to investigate how effective administrators lead their organizations in challenging and difficult times and promote the accomplishments of their organization. Research Anthology on Preparing School Administrators to Lead Quality Education Programs is a vital reference source that offers theoretical and pedagogical research concerning the management of educational systems on both the national and international scale. It also explores academic administration as well as administrative effectiveness in achieving organizational goals. Highlighting a range of topics such as strategic planning, human resources, and school culture, this multi-volume book is ideally designed for educators, administrators, principals, superintendents, board members, researchers, academicians, policymakers, and students.

Download or read book The SoJo Journal written by Brad J. Porfilio and published by IAP. This book was released on 2023-09-01 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SoJo Journal: Educational Foundations and Social Justice Education is an international, peer reviewed journal of educational foundations. San Jose State University hosts the journal. It publishes essays that examine contemporary educational and social contexts and practices from critical perspectives. The SoJo Journal: Educational Foundations and Social Justice Education is interested in research studies as well as conceptual, theoretical, philosophical, and policy-analysis essays that challenge the existing state of affairs in society, schools, and (in)formal education. The SoJo Journal: Educational Foundations and Social Justice Education is necessary because currently there is not an exclusively international foundations of education journal. For instance, three of the leading journal in education foundations journals (e.g., The Journal of Educational Studies, British Journal of Sociology of Education, The Journal of Educational Foundations) solicit manuscripts and support scholarship mainly from professors who reside in Britain and the United States. This journal is also unique because it brings together scholars and practitioners from disciplines outside of educational foundations, who are equally committed to social change and promoting equity and social justice inside and outside of K–16 schools. The SoJo Journal: Educational Foundations and Social Justice Education’s audience is K–12 teachers, K–12 teacher educators, educational leaders, social activists, political economists, and higher education personnel across the globe. The journal is marketed to Educational Foundation, Teacher Education, and Educational Leadership programs, which have embraced the intellectual work of the various editorial members.

Download or read book Population Growth Technological Adoption and Economic Outcomes written by Paul Beaudry and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The object of this paper is to show how population growth, through its interaction with recent technological and organizational developments, can account for many of the cross-country differences in economic outcome observed among industrialized countries over the last 20 years. In particular, our model illustrates how a large decrease in the price of information technology can create a comparative advantage for high population growth economies to jump ahead in the adoption of computer- and skill-intensive models of production as a means to exploiting their relative abundance of human capital versus physical capital. The predictions of the model are that, over the span of the information revolution, industrial countries with higher population growth rates will experience a more pronounced adoption of new technology, a better performance in terms of increased employment rates, a poorer performance in terms of wage growth for less skilled workers, a larger increase in the service sector and a larger increase in the returns to education. We provide preliminary evidence in suport of the theory based on a comparative study of observed developments in the US, UK and Germany since the mid-seventies, complemented by an examination of broad wage and employment changes for 18 OECD countries over the same period

Download or read book Technology and changes in skill structure evidence from an international panel of industries written by Stephen Machin and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Unified Growth Theory written by Oded Galor and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-11 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For most of the vast span of human history, economic growth was all but nonexistent. Then, about two centuries ago, some nations began to emerge from this epoch of economic stagnation, experiencing sustained economic growth that led to significant increases in standards of living and profoundly altered the level and distribution of wealth, population, education, and health across the globe. The question ever since has been--why? This is the first book to put forward a unified theory of economic growth that accounts for the entire growth process, from the dawn of civilization to today. Oded Galor, who founded the field of unified growth theory, identifies the historical and prehistorical forces behind the differential transition timing from stagnation to growth and the emergence of income disparity around the world. Galor shows how the interaction between technological progress and population ultimately raised the importance of education in coping with the rapidly changing technological environment, brought about significant reduction in fertility rates, and enabled some economies to devote greater resources toward a steady increase in per capita income, paving the way for sustained economic growth. Presents a unified theory of economic growth from the dawn of civilization to today Explains the worldwide disparities in living standards and population we see today Provides a comprehensive overview of the three phases of the development process Analyzes the Malthusian theory and its empirical support Examines theories of demographic transition and their empirical significance Explores the interaction between economic development and human evolution

Download or read book The Linkage Between Human Capital Development and Economic Growth written by Sheereen Banon Fauzel and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-05 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human capital is a necessary condition for economic growth. While in the past, much effort focused on expanding access, we now understand that human capital is much more than educational attainment .Skills acquisition and the capacity to continue learning throughout the lifecycle are needed to develop individuals and to foster the rise in productivity needed for economic growth. The main objective of this study is to analyse the extent to which education level of a county s labour force affects its economic growth that is output level.A Cobb-Douglas production function with constant returns to scale is used where Human capital is treated as an independent factor of production in the human capital augmented growth model.We further employ an error correction model which combines long-run information with a short-run adjustment mechanism in order to remove biased coefficient estimates.The main results shows that higher levels of human capital directly influence productivity via its impact on domestic innovation. Secondly, higher levels of human capital cause improvements in total factor productivity by facilitating the adoption and implementation of foreign technology.

Download or read book The Politics of Technological Progress written by Joel W. Simmons and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-12-15 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are some countries richer than others and why do some economies grow more rapidly? The Politics of Technological Progress answers these vital questions by highlighting the importance of technological progress for sustained economic development. The author also explains why some countries exhibit faster technological progress than others. Armed with a wealth of cross-national empirical evidence, Professor Simmons stresses the importance of properly constructed political parties for establishing an environment conducive to technological progress. 'Well-institutionalized' ruling parties are essential for technological progress, he argues, because only in such parties are time horizons long enough for governments to accept the deferred returns that are an inherent feature of government efforts to encourage innovation and technology adoption in the economy.