Download or read book Techno economic Environmental Assessment of Advanced Intercooled Propulsion Systems written by Esmail Najafi Saatlou and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Techno economic and Environmental Risk Assessment of Innovative Propulsion Systems for Short range Civil Aircraft written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aircraft are thought to contribute about 3.5% (IPCC, 1999) to the total radiative forcing (a measure of change in climate) of all the human activities and this figure is forecaste to increase. Future concerns for aviation role in climate change are mainly due to the envisaged continued growth in this sector. Growth rates for emissions are less than those for traffic growth since fuel efficiency continues to improve over the years. Despite regular improvements in fuel efficiency, emissions will carry on increasing and several solutions need to be found. The growth of air travel as well and its effect on world economics is hampered by local opposition to aircraft noise. Besides, restrictions on night take-off and landing because of aircraft noise levels leads to a negative impact on the revenues of Europe airlines and often results in non-European over-night airport refuelling stops. According to ACARE (Strategic Research Agenda, 2005), the sustainable development of air transport depends on achieving a significant across-the-board reduction in environmental impact, in terms of greenhouse gases, local pollution and noise around airports. Over the past 40 years the introduction of new technology has mitigated the environmental impact of aviation growth, but at the expense of increasing operating costs. Consequently, in order to make aviation more sustainable environmentally and economically, radically innovative turbofans need to be considered and optimised at the aircraft level. Based on the above, this PhD project addresses the following research questions: " The potential of different novel propulsion systems with enhanced propulsive efficiency (using advanced, contra-rotating and geared turbofans) and thermal efficiency (using intercooled and recuperated, and constant volume combustion turbofans) to meet future environmental and economical goals." The trade-offs to be made between noise, emissions, operating cost, fuel burn and performance using single- and mu.

Download or read book Techno economic and Environmental Risk Assessment of Innovative Propulsion Systems for Short range Civil Aircraft written by R. F. Colmenares Quintero and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Technology Assessment of the Transition to Advanced Automotive Propulsion Systems written by Hittman Associates and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optimum Choice of Energy System Configuration and Storages for a Proper Match between Energy Conversion and Demands written by Andrea Lazzaretto and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue addresses the general problem of a proper match between the demands of energy users and the units for energy conversion and storage, by means of proper design and operation of the overall energy system configuration. The focus is either on systems including single plants or groups of plants, connected or not to one or more energy distribution networks. In both cases, the optimum design and operation involve decisions about thermodynamic processes, about the type, number, design parameters of components/plants, and storage capacities, and about mutual interconnections and the interconnections with the distribution grids. The problem is absolutely general, encompassing design and operation of energy systems for single houses, groups of houses, industries, industrial districts, municipal areas, regions and countries. The presented papers show that similar approaches can be used in different applications, although a general standard has not been achieved yet.

Download or read book Sustainable Aviation Technology and Operations written by Roberto Sabatini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-09-06 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Aviation Technology and Operations Comprehensively covers research and development initiatives to enhance the environmental sustainability of the??aviation sector Sustainable Aviation Technology and Operations provides a comprehensive and timely outlook of recent research advances in aeronautics and air transport, with emphasis on both long-term sustainable development goals and current achievements. This book discusses some of the most promising advances in aircraft technologies, air traffic management and systems engineering methodologies for sustainable aviation. The topics covered include: propulsion, aerodynamics, avionics, structures, materials, airspace management, biofuels and sustainable lifecycle management. The physical processes associated with various aircraft emissions — including air pollutants, noise and contrails — are presented to support the development of computational models for aircraft design, flight path optimization and environmental impact assessment. Relevant advances in systems engineering and lifecycle management processes are also covered, bridging some of the existing gaps between academic research and industry best practices. A collection of research case studies complements the book, highlighting opportunities for a timely uptake of the most promising technologies, towards a more efficient and environmentally sustainable aviation future. Key features: Contains important research and industry relevant contributions from world-class experts. Addresses recent advances in aviation sustainability including multidisciplinary design approaches and multi-objective operational optimisation methods. Includes a number of research case studies, addressing propulsion, aerostructures, alternative aviation fuels, avionics, air traffic management, and sustainable lifecycle management solutions. Sustainable Aviation Technology and Operations is an excellent book for aerospace engineers, aviation scientists, researchers and graduate students involved in the field.

Download or read book Thermo Economic and Risk Analysis for Advanced Long range Aero Engines written by Daniele Samuel Pascovici and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To conceive and assess engines with minimum global warming impact andlowest cost of ownership in a variety of emission legislation scenarios, emissions taxation policies, fiscal and Air Traffic Management environments aTechno economic and Environmental Risk Assessment (TERA) model isneeded. In the first part of this thesis an approach is presented to estimate the cost ofmaintenance and the direct operating costs of turbofan engines of equivalentthrust rating, both for long and short range applications. The three advancedtypes of turbofan engines analysed here are a direct drive three spool withultra high bypass ratio, a geared turbofan with the same fan as the direct driveengine and a turbofan with counter rotating fans. The baseline engines are athree spool for long range (Trent 772b) and a two spool (CFM56-7b) for shortrange applications. The comparison with baseline engines shows the gainsand losses of these novel cycle engines. The economic model is composed of three modules: a lifing module, aneconomic module and a risk module. The lifing module estimates the life of the high pressure turbine disk andblades through the analysis of creep and fatigue over a full working cycle ofthe engine. These two phenomena are usually the most limiting factors to thelife of the engine. The output of this module is the amount of hours that theengine can sustain before its first overhaul (called time between overhauls). The value of life calculated by the lifing is then taken as the baselinedistribution to calculate the life of other important modules of the engine usingthe Weibull approach. The Weibull formulation is applied to the life analysis ofdifferent parts of the engine in order to estimate the cost of maintenance, thedirect operating costs (DOC) and net present cost (NPC) of turbofan engines. The Weibull distribution is often used in the field of life data analysis due to itsflexibility?it can mimic the behavior of other statistical distributions such as the normal and the exponential. In the present work five Weibull distributionsare used for five important sources of interruption of the working life of theengine: Combustor, Life Limited Parts (LLP), High Pressure Compressor(HPC), General breakdowns and High Pressure Turbine (HPT). The Weibullanalysis done in this work shows the impact of the breakdown of differentparts of the engine on the NPC and DOC, the importance that each module ofthe engine has in its life, and how the application of the Weibull theory canhelp us in the risk assessment of future aero engines. Then the lower of the values of life of all the distributions is taken as timebetween overhaul (TBO), and used into the economic module calculations. The economic module uses the time between overhaul together with the costof labour and the cost of the engine (needed to determine the cost of spareparts) to estimate the cost of maintenance of the engine. The direct operatingcosts (DOC) of the engine are derived as a function of maintenance cost withthe cost of taxes on emissions and noise, the cost of fuel, the cost ofinsurance and the cost of interests paid on the total investment. The DOC ofthe aircraft include also the cost of cabin and flight crew and the cost oflanding, navigational and ground handling fees. With knowledge of the DOCthe net present cost (NPC) for both the engine and the aircraft can beestimated over an operational period of about 30 years. The risk model uses the Monte Carlo method with a Gaussian distribution tostudy the impact of the variations in some parameters on the NPC. Some ofthe parameters considered in the risk scenarios are fuel price, interestpercentage on total investment, inflation, downtime, maintenance labour costand factors used in the emission and noise taxes. The risk analyses theinfluence of these variables for ten thousands scenarios and then acumulative frequency curve is built by the model to understand the frequencyof the most probable scenarios. After the conclusion of the analysis of the VITAL engines as they werespecified by the Original Engine Manufacturer (OEM) (Roll? Royce, Snecmaand MTU), an optimisation work was done in order to try to improve the engines. The optimisation was done using two numerical gradient basedtechniques Firstly the Sequential Quadratic Programming? NLPQL andsecondly the Mixed Integer Optimization? MOST; the objectives of theoptimisation were two: minimum fuel burn and minimum direct operatingcosts. Because the engines were already optimized for minimum fuel burn, the optimization for minimum fuel burn didn?t show any meaningful results;instead the results for minimum DOC showed that the engines can have someimprovements. The ability of the three VITAL configurations to meet the future goals of theEuropean Union to reduce noise and gaseous emission has been assessedand has showed that the three engines cannot fully comply with futurelegislation beyond 2020. In the second part of this thesis three further advanced configurations havebeen studied to determine whether these are potential solutions to meet theACARE goals of 2020. For these more advanced aero engines only a performance and gaseousemissions analysis has been done, because it was no possible to do aneconomic analysis for the new components of these engines. Theseadvanced configurations feature components that have been studied only inlaboratories, like the heat exchangers for the ICR, the wave rotor and theconstant volume combustor, and for these it has not been done a lifinganalysis that is fundamental in order to understand the costs of maintenance, besides in order to do a proper direct operating costs analysis manyoperational flight hours are needed and none of these engine have reachedTRL of 7 and more which is the stage where flight hour tests are conducted. In this thesis a parametric study on three different novel cycles which could beapplied to aircraft propulsion is presented:1. Intercooled recuperative,2. wave rotor and3. Constant volume combustion cycle. These three cycles have been applied to a characteristic next generation longrange aero engine (geared turbofan) looking for a possible future evolutionand searching for benefits on specific thrust fuel consumption and emissions. The parametric study has been applied to Top of Climb conditions, the designpoint, at Mach number 0.82, ISA deviation of 10 degrees and an altitude of10686 m and at cruise condition, considering two possible designs:a) Design for constant specific thrust andb) Design for constant TET or the current technology levelBoth values correspond to the baseline engine. For the intercooled enginealso a weight and drag impact on fuel consumption has been done, in order tounderstand the impact of weight increase on the benefits of the configuration, considering different values of the effectiveness of the heat exchangers, thehigher the values the greater is the technical challenge of the engine. After studying the CVC and Wave rotor separately it has been decided to do aparametric study of an aero engine that comprises both configurations: theinternal combustion wave rotor (ICWR). The ICWR is a highly unsteadydevice, but offers significant advantages when combined with gas turbines. Since it is a constant volume combustion device there is a pressure raiseduring combustion, this will result in having lower SFC and higher thermalefficiency. It is an advanced and quite futuristic, with a technology readinesslevel (TRL) of 6 or higher only by 2025, so only a preliminary performancestudy is done, leaving to future studies the task of a more improved analysis.

Download or read book Progress in Gas Turbine Performance written by Ernesto Benini and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-06-19 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been a remarkable difference in the research and development regarding gas turbine technology for transportation and power generation. The former remains substantially florid and unaltered with respect to the past as the superiority of air-breathing engines compared to other technologies is by far immense. On the other hand, the world of gas turbines (GTs) for power generation is indeed characterized by completely different scenarios in so far as new challenges are coming up in the latest energy trends, where both a reduction in the use of carbon-based fuels and the raising up of renewables are becoming more and more important factors. While being considered a key technology for base-load operations for many years, modern stationary gas turbines are in fact facing the challenge to balance electricity from variable renewables with that from flexible conventional power plants. The book intends in fact to provide an updated picture as well as a perspective view of some of the abovementioned issues that characterize GT technology in the two different applications: aircraft propulsion and stationary power generation. Therefore, the target audience for it involves design, analyst, materials and maintenance engineers. Also manufacturers, researchers and scientists will benefit from the timely and accurate information provided in this volume. The book is organized into three main sections including 10 chapters overall: (i) Gas Turbine and Component Performance, (ii) Gas Turbine Combustion and (iii) Fault Detection in Systems and Materials.

Download or read book NASA Technical Memorandum written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gasification combined cycle Power Generation written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a basis for the comparative assessment of the potential performance capability, technological development, and economic and environmental impact associated with the operation of integrated low-Btu coal-gasification/combined-cycle power systems. Characterization of the integrated power system in terms of fuel processing, power production, and auxiliary systems is followed up with comparisons of alternative integrated-plant-design/fuel combinations with reference to the conventional coal-fired power plant, taking into account both economic and environmental factors. The report includes an assessment of the effects of recent regulatory changes on the prospects for integrated power systems and establishes a timetable for the probable commercial development of such systems by the utilities.

Download or read book Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance written by Richard Folkson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-03-19 with total page 803 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most vehicles run on fossil fuels, and this presents a major emissions problem as demand for fuel continues to increase. Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies gives an overview of key developments in advanced fuels and vehicle technologies to improve the energy efficiency and environmental impact of the automotive sector. Part I considers the role of alternative fuels such as electricity, alcohol, and hydrogen fuel cells, as well as advanced additives and oils, in environmentally sustainable transport. Part II explores methods of revising engine and vehicle design to improve environmental performance and fuel economy. It contains chapters on improvements in design, aerodynamics, combustion, and transmission. Finally, Part III outlines developments in electric and hybrid vehicle technologies, and provides an overview of the benefits and limitations of these vehicles in terms of their environmental impact, safety, cost, and design practicalities. Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies is a standard reference for professionals, engineers, and researchers in the automotive sector, as well as vehicle manufacturers, fuel system developers, and academics with an interest in this field. Provides a broad-ranging review of recent research into advanced fuels and vehicle technologies that will be instrumental in improving the energy efficiency and environmental impact of the automotive sector Reviews the development of alternative fuels, more efficient engines, and powertrain technologies, as well as hybrid and electric vehicle technologies

Download or read book Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production written by Roel van de Krol and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-09 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production describes the principles and materials challenges for the conversion of sunlight into hydrogen through water splitting at a semiconducting electrode. Readers will find an analysis of the solid state properties and materials requirements for semiconducting photo-electrodes, a detailed description of the semiconductor/electrolyte interface, in addition to the photo-electrochemical (PEC) cell. Experimental techniques to investigate both materials and PEC device performance are outlined, followed by an overview of the current state-of-the-art in PEC materials and devices, and combinatorial approaches towards the development of new materials. Finally, the economic and business perspectives of PEC devices are discussed, and promising future directions indicated. Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production is a one-stop resource for scientists, students and R&D practitioners starting in this field, providing both the theoretical background as well as useful practical information on photoelectrochemical measurement techniques. Experts in the field benefit from the chapters on current state-of-the-art materials/devices and future directions.

Download or read book Bibliography of Lewis Research Center Technical Publications Announced in 1977 written by Lewis Research Center and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compilation of abstracts describes and indexes over 780 technical reports resulting from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Lewis Research Center in 1977. All the publications were announced in the 1977 issues of STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) and/or IAA (International Aerospace Abstracts). Documents cited include research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses.

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-08 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-07-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.

Download or read book Cost Effectiveness and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.

Download or read book Department of the Interior and related agencies appropriations for 1990 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Department of the Interior and Related Agencies and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: