Download or read book Techno economic and Environmental Risk Assessment of Innovative Propulsion Systems for Short range Civil Aircraft written by R. F. Colmenares Quintero and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Techno economic and Environmental Risk Assessment of Innovative Propulsion Systems for Short range Civil Aircraft written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aircraft are thought to contribute about 3.5% (IPCC, 1999) to the total radiative forcing (a measure of change in climate) of all the human activities and this figure is forecaste to increase. Future concerns for aviation role in climate change are mainly due to the envisaged continued growth in this sector. Growth rates for emissions are less than those for traffic growth since fuel efficiency continues to improve over the years. Despite regular improvements in fuel efficiency, emissions will carry on increasing and several solutions need to be found. The growth of air travel as well and its effect on world economics is hampered by local opposition to aircraft noise. Besides, restrictions on night take-off and landing because of aircraft noise levels leads to a negative impact on the revenues of Europe airlines and often results in non-European over-night airport refuelling stops. According to ACARE (Strategic Research Agenda, 2005), the sustainable development of air transport depends on achieving a significant across-the-board reduction in environmental impact, in terms of greenhouse gases, local pollution and noise around airports. Over the past 40 years the introduction of new technology has mitigated the environmental impact of aviation growth, but at the expense of increasing operating costs. Consequently, in order to make aviation more sustainable environmentally and economically, radically innovative turbofans need to be considered and optimised at the aircraft level. Based on the above, this PhD project addresses the following research questions: " The potential of different novel propulsion systems with enhanced propulsive efficiency (using advanced, contra-rotating and geared turbofans) and thermal efficiency (using intercooled and recuperated, and constant volume combustion turbofans) to meet future environmental and economical goals." The trade-offs to be made between noise, emissions, operating cost, fuel burn and performance using single- and mu.

Download or read book Sustainable Aviation Technology and Operations written by Roberto Sabatini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-09-06 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Aviation Technology and Operations Comprehensively covers research and development initiatives to enhance the environmental sustainability of the??aviation sector Sustainable Aviation Technology and Operations provides a comprehensive and timely outlook of recent research advances in aeronautics and air transport, with emphasis on both long-term sustainable development goals and current achievements. This book discusses some of the most promising advances in aircraft technologies, air traffic management and systems engineering methodologies for sustainable aviation. The topics covered include: propulsion, aerodynamics, avionics, structures, materials, airspace management, biofuels and sustainable lifecycle management. The physical processes associated with various aircraft emissions — including air pollutants, noise and contrails — are presented to support the development of computational models for aircraft design, flight path optimization and environmental impact assessment. Relevant advances in systems engineering and lifecycle management processes are also covered, bridging some of the existing gaps between academic research and industry best practices. A collection of research case studies complements the book, highlighting opportunities for a timely uptake of the most promising technologies, towards a more efficient and environmentally sustainable aviation future. Key features: Contains important research and industry relevant contributions from world-class experts. Addresses recent advances in aviation sustainability including multidisciplinary design approaches and multi-objective operational optimisation methods. Includes a number of research case studies, addressing propulsion, aerostructures, alternative aviation fuels, avionics, air traffic management, and sustainable lifecycle management solutions. Sustainable Aviation Technology and Operations is an excellent book for aerospace engineers, aviation scientists, researchers and graduate students involved in the field.

Download or read book Modeling and Control for a Blended Wing Body Aircraft written by Martin Kozek and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-27 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates the potential of the blended wing body (BWB) concept for significant improvement in both fuel efficiency and noise reduction and addresses the considerable challenges raised for control engineers because of characteristics like open-loop instability, large flexible structure, and slow control surfaces. This text describes state-of-the-art and novel modeling and control design approaches for the BWB aircraft under consideration. The expert contributors demonstrate how exceptional robust control performance can be achieved despite such stringent design constraints as guaranteed handling qualities, reduced vibration, and the minimization of the aircraft’s structural loads during maneuvers and caused by turbulence. As a result, this innovative approach allows the building of even lighter aircraft structures, and thus results in considerable efficiency improvements per passenger kilometer. The treatment of this large, complex, parameter-dependent industrial control problem highlights relevant design issues and provides a relevant case study for modeling and control engineers in many adjacent disciplines and applications. Modeling and Control for a Blended Wing Body Aircraft presents research results in numeric modeling and control design for a large, flexible, civil BWB aircraft in the pre-design stage as developed within the EU FP7 research project ACFA 2020. It is a useful resource for aerospace and control engineers as it shows the complete BWB aircraft modeling and control design process, carried out with the most recent tools and techniques available. presents research results in numeric modeling and control design for a large, flexible, civil BWB aircraft in the pre-design stage as developed within the EU FP7 research project ACFA 2020. It is a useful resource for aerospace and control engineers as it shows the complete BWB aircraft modeling and control design process, carried out with the most recent tools and techniques available. Advances in Industrial Control aims to report and encourage the transfer of technology in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of new work in all aspects of industrial control.

Download or read book Techno economic Environment and Risk Analysis of an Aircraft Concept with Turbo electric Distributed Propulsion written by Chana Goldberg and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-09-09 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraftâ€" single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€"because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Techno economic Environmental Assessment of Advanced Intercooled Propulsion Systems written by Esmail Najafi Saatlou and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Safety and Risk Assessment of Civil Aircraft during Operation written by Longbiao Li and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-12-23 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces safety and risk analysis methods for aircraft and aero-engines, design approaches for increasing safety and decreasing risk during operation, air traffic controllers’ attitudes to mistakes hazards, theories and models of human error occurrence during aircraft maintenance processes, and damage and failure analysis for composite structures.

Download or read book Aeronautical Technologies for the Twenty first Century written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Aeronautical Technologies and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings of the Annual National Conference on Environmental Effects on Aircraft and Propulsion Systems written by National Conference on Environmental Effects on Aircraft and Propulsion Systems and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation and Optimisation of Environmentally Friendly Aircraft Propulsion Systems written by Cesar Celis and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this globalised world where the efficient transportation of people and goodsgreatly contributes to the development of a given region or country, the aviationindustry has found the ideal conditions for its development, thereby becoming in one ofthe fastest growing economic sectors during the last decades. The continuing growth inair traffic and the increasing public awareness about the anthropogenic contribution toglobal warming have meant that environmental issues associated with aircraftoperations are currently one of the most critical aspects of commercial aviation. Severalalternatives for reducing the environmental impact of aircraft operations have beenproposed over the years, and they broadly comprise reductions in the number of aircraftoperations, changes in the type of aircraft, and changes in the aircraft operational rulesand procedures. However, since the passenger traffic is expected to increase over thenext years, only the last two options seem to be the most feasible solutions to alleviatethe problem. Accordingly, the general aim of this research work is to develop amethodology to evaluate and quantify aircraft/engines design trade-offs originated as aconsequence of addressing conflicting objectives such as low environmental impact andlow operating costs. More specifically, it is an objective of this work to evaluate andoptimise both aircraft flight trajectories and aircraft engine cycles taking into accountmultidisciplinary aspects such as performance, gaseous emissions, and economics. In order to accomplish the objectives proposed in this project, a methodology foroptimising aircraft trajectories has been initially devised. A suitable optimiser with alibrary of optimisation algorithms, Polyphemus, has been then developed and/oradapted. Computational models simulating different disciplines such as aircraftperformance, engine performance, and pollutants formation, have been selected ordeveloped as necessary. Finally, several evaluation and optimisation processes aimingto determine optimum and?greener? aircraft trajectories and engine cycles have beencarried out and their main results summarised. In particular, an advanced, innovativegaseous emissions prediction model that allows the reliable calculation of emissions trends from current and potential future aircraft gas turbine combustors has beendeveloped. When applied to a conventional combustor, the results showed that ingeneral the emission trends observed in practice were sufficiently well reproduced, andin a computationally efficient manner for its subsequent incorporation in optimisationprocesses. For performing the processes of optimisation of aircraft trajectories andengine cycles, an optimiser (Polyphemus) has also been developed and/or adapted inthis work. Generally the results obtained using Polyphemus and other commerciallyavailable optimisation algorithms presented a satisfactory level of agreement (averagediscrepancies of about 2%). It is then concluded that the development of Polyphemus isproceeding in the correct direction and should continue in order to improve itscapabilities for identifying and efficiently computing optimum and?greener? aircrafttrajectories and engine cycles, which help to minimise the environmental impact ofcommercial aircraft operations. The main contributions of this work to knowledge broadly comprise thefollowing: (i) development of an environmental-based methodology for carrying outboth aircraft trajectory optimisation processes, and engine cycle optimisation-type ones;(ii) development of both an advanced, innovative gas turbine emissions predictionmodel, and an optimiser (Polyphemus) suitable to be integrated into multi-disciplinaryoptimisation frameworks; and (iii) determination and assessment of optimum and?greener? aircraft trajectories and aircraft engine cycles using a multi-disciplinaryoptimisation tool, which included the computational tools developed in this work. Basedon the results obtained from the different evaluation and optimisation processes carriedout in this research project, it is concluded that there is indeed a feasible route to reducethe environmental impact of commercial aviation through the introduction of changes inthe aircraft operational rules and procedures and/or in the aircraft/engine configurations. The magnitude of these reductions needs to be determined yet through carefulconsideration of more realistic aircraft trajectories and the use of higher fidelitycomputational models. For this purpose, the computations will eventually need to beextended to the entire fleet of aircraft, and they will also need to include differentoperational scenarios involving partial replacements of old aircraft with newenvironmentally friendly ones.

Download or read book Hydrogen Aircraft Technology written by G.Daniel Brewer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid hydrogen is shown to be the ideal fuel for civil transport aircraft, as well as for many types of military aircraft. Hydrogen Aircraft Technology discusses the potential of hydrogen for subsonic, supersonic, and hypersonic applications. Designs with sample configurations of aircraft for all three speed categories are presented, in addition to performance comparisons to equivalent designs for aircraft using conventional kerosine-type fuel and configurations for aircraft using liquid methane fuel. Other topics discussed include conceptual designs of the principal elements of fuel containment systems required for cryogenic fuels, operational elements (e.g., pumps, valves, pressure regulators, heat exchangers, lines and fittings), modifications for turbine engines to maximize the benefit of hydrogen, safety aspects compared to kerosine and methane fueled designs, equipment and facility designs for servicing hydrogen-fueled aircraft, production methods for liquid hydrogen, and the environmental advantages for using liquid hydrogen. The book also presents a plan for conducting the necessary development of technology and introducing hydrogen fuel into the worldwide civil air transport industry. Hydrogen Aircraft Technology will provide fascinating reading for anyone interested in aircraft and hydrogen fuel designs.

Download or read book NASA Technical Memorandum written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assessing optimising Bio fuel Combustion Technologies for Reducing Civil Aircraft Emissions written by Nurul Musfirah Mazlan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas turbines are extensively used in aviation because of their advantageous volume as weight characteristics. The objective of this project proposed was to look at advanced propulsion systems and the close coupling of the airframe with advanced prime mover cycles. The investigation encompassed a comparative assessment of traditional and novel prime mover options including the design, off-design, degraded performance of the engine and the environmental and economic analysis of the system. The originality of the work lies in the technical and economic optimisation of gas turbine based on current and novel cycles for a novel airframes application in a wide range of climatic conditions. The study has been designed mainly to develop a methodology for evaluating and optimising biofuel combustion technology in addressing the concerns related to over-dependence on crude oil (Jet-A) and the increase in pollution emissions. The main contributions of this work to existing knowledge are as follows: (i) development of a so-called greener-based methodology for assessing the potential of biofuels in reducing the dependency on conventional fuel and the amount of pollution emission generated, (ii) prediction of fuel spray characteristics as one of the major controlling factors regarding emissions, (iii) evaluation of engine performance and emission through the adaptation of a fuel's properties into the in-house computer tools, (iv) development of optimisation work to obtain a trade-off between engine performance and emissions, and (v) development of CFD work to explore the practical issues related to the engine emission combustion modelling. Several tasks have been proposed. The first task concerns the comparative study of droplet lifetime and spray penetration of biofuels with Jet-A. In this task, the properties of the selected biofuels are implemented into the equations related to the evaporation process. Jatropha Bio-synthetic Paraffinic Kerosine (JSPK), Camelina Bio-synthetic Paraffinic Kerosine (CSPK), Rapeseed Methyl Ester (RME) and Ethanol are used and are evaluated as pure fuel. Additionally, the mixture of 50% JSPK with 50% Jet-A are used to examine the effects ofblend fuel. Results revealed the effects of fuel volatility, density and viscosity on droplet lifetime and spray penetration. It is concluded that low volatile fuel has longer droplet lifetime while highly dense and viscous fuel penetrates longer. Regarding to the blending fuel, an increase in the percentage of JSPK in the blend reduces the droplet lifetime and length of the spray penetration. An assessment of the effect of JSPK and CSPK on engine performance and emissions also has been proposed. The evaluation is conducted for the civil aircraft engine flying at cruise and at constant mass flow condition. At both conditions results revealed relative increases in thrust as the percentage of biofuel in the mixture was increased, whilst a reduction in fuel flow during cruise was noted. The increase in engine thrust at both conditions was observed due to high LHV and heat capacity, while the reduction in fuel flow was found to correspond to the low density of the fuel. Regarding the engine emissions, reduction in NOx and CO was noted as the composition of biofuels in the mixture increased. This reduction is due to factors such as flame temperature, boiling temperature, density and volatility of the fuel. While at constant mass flow condition, increases in CO were noted due to the influence of low flame temperature which leads to the incompletion of oxidation of carbon atoms. Additionally, trade-off between engine thrust, NOx, and CO through the application of multi-objective genetic algorithm for the test case related to the fuel design has been proposed. The aim involves designing an optimal percentage of the biofuel/Jet-A mixture for maximum engine thrust and minimum engine emissions. The Pareto front obtained and the characteristics of the optimal fuel designs are examined. Definitive trades between the thrust and CO emissions and between thrust and NOx emissions are shown while little trade-off between NOx and CO emissions is noted. Furthermore, the practical issues related to the engine emissions combustion modelling have been evaluated. The effect of assumptions considered in HEPHAESTUS on the predicted temperature profile and NOx generation were explored. Finally, the future works regarding this research field are identified and discussed.

Download or read book Climate Change 2022 Mitigation of Climate Change written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-08-17 with total page 2042 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Working Group III contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report provides a comprehensive and transparent assessment of the literature on climate change mitigation. The report assesses progress in climate change mitigation options for reducing emissions and enhancing sinks. With greenhouse gas emissions at the highest levels in human history, this report provides options to achieve net zero, as pledged by many countries. The report highlights for the first time the social and demand-side aspects of climate mitigation, and assesses the literature on human behaviour, lifestyle, and culture, and its implications for mitigation action. It brings a wide range of disciplines, notably from the social sciences, within the scope of the assessment. IPCC reports are a trusted source for decision makers, policymakers, and stakeholders at all levels (international, regional, national, local) and in all branches (government, businesses, NGOs). Available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Download or read book Assessment of Propfan Propulsion Systems for Reduced Environmental Impact written by Andreas Peters (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current aircraft engine designs tend towards higher bypass ratio, low-speed fan designs for improved fuel burn, reduced emissions and noise. Alternative propulsion concepts include counter-rotating propfans (CRPs) which have been investigated intensively in the 1970s and 1980s and demonstrated significant reductions in fuel burn. Currently, propfans are being studied again due to their inherent noise challenge and the potential for reduced environmental impact. A newly developed, integrated noise and performance assessment methodology for advanced propfan powered aircraft configurations is introduced. The approach is based on first principles and combines a coupled aircraft and propulsion system performance analysis with 3-D unsteady, full-wheel CRP CFD computations and aero-acoustic simulations. Special emphasis is put on computing CRP interaction tones. The method is capable of dealing with parametric studies and exploring noise reduction technologies. An aircraft performance and mission analysis was first conducted on a candidate CRP powered configuration. In addition, a comparable aircraft with advanced turbofan engines was defined for performance and noise comparisons.