Download or read book Taxing Artificial Intelligence written by Xavier Oberson and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-03-14 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taxing Artificial Intelligence will be essential reading for scholars, policy makers and students across law and economics. It will also be invaluable for law and tax professionals seeking to understand the latest developments in AI, automation, and the future of work.
Download or read book Taxing Robots written by Xavier Oberson and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2019 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing use of artificial intelligence within the workplace is likely to cause significant disruption to the labour market and in turn, to the economy, due to a reduction in the number of taxable workers. In this innovative book, Xavier Oberson proposes taxing robots as a possible solution to the anticipated problem of declining tax revenues.
Download or read book Taxing Robots written by Xavier Oberson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ""The increasing use of artificial intelligence within the workplace is likely to cause significant disruption to the labour market and in turn, to the economy, due to a reduction in the number of taxable workers. In this innovative book, Xavier Oberson proposes taxing robots as a possible solution to the anticipated problem of declining tax revenues. In accordance with guiding legal and economic principles, the book explores the various tax models that could be applied to both the use of robots, such as a usage or automation tax, and to robots directly. Numerous associated issues are discussed, such as the definition of robots for tax purposes, the difficulty of granting a tax capacity to robots, as well as the compatibility of robot taxes with international tax rules. The author concludes by putting forward a possible system for the taxation of robots, taking all of these issues into consideration. Being the first work of its kind to explore the potential for taxing robots in detail, this book will be a unique resource for researchers in the fields of law and economics who have an interest in the impact of artificial intelligence. Lawyers and tax professionals can also benefit from Oberson's insights on what future models of taxation may look like and what the legal consequences may be"-- Page four of cover.
Download or read book Robot Tax written by Kadek Rama Maheswara Putra, S.H., M.Int.tax and published by Nas Media Pustaka. This book was released on 2022-04-08 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise be to Allah SWT because of His almightiness, finally, this book can be published for the public. I completed this research paper in order to fulfill the assessment component of the Artificial Intelligence and the Law course when I was finishing my studies at Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne, Australia. The purpose of publishing this book is not an ambition in introducing and encouraging the creation of new types of taxes, but merely describing a situation about what we will face in the future and what strategies we need to prepare based on the findings of previous researchers and which one can be considered by the policymakers to be implemented in Indonesia. This book is certainly far from perfect, and any criticism and suggestions are highly expected for my future works.
Download or read book The Reasonable Robot written by Ryan Abbott and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-25 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argues that treating people and artificial intelligence differently under the law results in unexpected and harmful outcomes for social welfare.
Download or read book Tax and Robotics written by Álvaro Falcón Pulido and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-12-18 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are standing on the threshold of the robotic era, the fourth industrial revolution. The undeniable impact and consequences of robotics are already raising economic concerns, such as the loss of income tax revenue as robots gradually replace human workers, as well as legal doubts regarding the possible taxation of robots or their owners. Financial law must adapt to this new reality by answering several crucial questions. Should robots pay taxes? Can they? Do they have the ability to pay? Can they be considered entrepreneurs for VAT purposes? These are just some of the many issues that Dr. Álvaro Falcón Pulido lucidly and insightfully addresses in this fascinating new monographic work, which includes an exhaustive bibliography on the subject.
Download or read book Taxing Artificial Intelligence and Robots written by Vikram Chand and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, investments in technology have resulted in an exponential growth of AI/robots. It is argued that some of these innovations are able to outperform and replace humans in various types of jobs. Accordingly, concerns regarding government revenues have been raised, as AI/robots could trigger widespread unemployment with the result that less tax revenue will accrue to the government. This contribution, as a start, analyses whether or not this is truly a concern. In order to do so, the authors map the Industrial Revolution(s) that humankind has witnessed and then conduct a literature review of economic and demographic studies relevant to the debate. The economic studies indicate two different directions, that is, some argue that AI/robots (Industry 4.0) will increase human jobs whereas others argue that jobs could disappear. At the same time, the demographic perspective indicates that a purely economic employment-focused view of AI/robots is bound to lead to inconclusive results. Assuming that this is a probable concern, the authors summarize selected measures taken by governments as well as the various options that have been considered in academic literature to introduce taxes on AI/robots. Subsequently, the authors analyse the various "taxing" options from the perspective of commonly accepted tax policy principles applicable to electronic commerce (Ottawa Taxation Framework conditions). This analysis indicates that several proposals (e.g. proposals that treat AI/robots as independently taxable subjects or proposals that attribute income to owners of AI/robots) breach the principles of (i) neutrality; (ii) simplicity and certainty; (iii) efficiency; (iv) effectiveness and fairness; and (v) flexibility. Thus, such measures should not be pursued. The authors also conclude that, at this stage, targeted taxes on AI/robots should not be introduced, as this would also be contrary to the measures taken by governments globally to promote research and development (R&D) (input or output incentives). This contribution therefore suggests that governments need to be proactive rather than reactive in this area. This could be achieved by monitoring the impact of AI/robots on a regular basis, and if the trend indicates that jobs are disappearing or revenues are declining, then the article suggests that states raise funds from an earmarked education tax. The funds raised from this tax, among other objectives, should be used to finance and foster professional educational programmes to reskill workers, besides assisting and guiding them to transition into new roles. However, a national measure may not be sufficient to tackle the issue (issues) at stake, especially in light of the demographic perspective discussed in the contribution. Thus, considering some jurisdictions may not be in a position to implement or fully benefit from an education tax, the authors also discuss the possibility of implementing a global fiscal redistribution mechanism (multilateral solution) from developed (surrender jurisdictions) to developing countries (recipient jurisdictions). The latter, depending on its scope, could be in the form of a global education tax or more broadly a planetary tax.Full-text Paper.
Download or read book Taxing Artificial Intelligence and Robots Critical Assessment of Potential Policy Solutions and Recommendation for Alternative Approaches written by V. Chand and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, investments in technology have resulted in an exponential growth of AI/robots. It is argued that some of these innovations are able to outperform and replace humans in various types of jobs. Accordingly, concerns regarding government revenues have been raised, as AI/robots could trigger widespread unemployment with the result that less tax revenue will accrue to the government. This contribution, as a start, analyses whether or not this is truly a concern. In order to do so, the authors map the Industrial Revolution(s) that humankind has witnessed and then conduct a literature review of economic and demographic studies relevant to the debate. The economic studies indicate two different directions, that is, some argue that AI/robots (Industry 4.0) will increase human jobs whereas others argue that jobs could disappear. At the same time, the demographic perspective indicates that a purely economic employment-focused view of AI/robots is bound to lead to inconclusive results. Assuming that this is a probable concern, the authors summarize selected measures taken by governments as well as the various options that have been considered in academic literature to introduce taxes on AI/robots. Subsequently, the authors analyse the various "taxing" options from the perspective of commonly accepted tax policy principles applicable to electronic commerce (Ottawa Taxation Framework conditions). This analysis indicates that several proposals (e.g. proposals that treat AI/robots as independently taxable subjects or proposals that attribute income to owners of AI/robots) breach the principles of (i) neutrality; (ii) simplicity and certainty; (iii) efficiency; (iv) effectiveness and fairness; and (v) flexibility. Thus, such measures should not be pursued. The authors also conclude that, at this stage, targeted taxes on AI/robots should not be introduced, as this would also be contrary to the measures taken by governments globally to promote research and development (R&D) (input or output incentives). This contribution therefore suggests that governments need to be proactive rather than reactive in this area. This could be achieved by monitoring the impact of AI/robots on a regular basis, and if the trend indicates that jobs are disappearing or revenues are declining, then the article suggests that states raise funds from an earmarked education tax. The funds raised from this tax, among other objectives, should be used to finance and foster professional educational programmes to reskill workers, besides assisting and guiding them to transition into new roles. However, a national measure may not be sufficient to tackle the issue (issues) at stake, especially in light of the demographic perspective discussed in the contribution. Thus, considering some jurisdictions may not be in a position to implement or fully benefit from an education tax, the authors also discuss the possibility of implementing a global fiscal redistribution mechanism (multilateral solution) from developed (surrender jurisdictions) to developing countries (recipient jurisdictions). The latter, depending on its scope, could be in the form of a global education tax or more broadly a planetary tax.
Download or read book Artificial Intelligence Isn t Here Yet But It s Already Changing Tax Transcript written by C. Griffith and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information technology hasn't yet advanced to the point of "true" artificial intelligence, but the combination of huge datasets and increased computing power is nevertheless transforming the practice of tax law. In a December 9, 2020 webinar, "Taxing Issues: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Tax," Benjamin Alarie of Blue J Legal, Sarah Lawsky of Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, and Jeffrey Saviano of EY discussed how technological shifts are shaping the field of tax and leading to new breakthroughs in statutory analysis, decision making, and other aspects of tax.
Download or read book Artificial Intelligence Robots and Automation written by Stany N Kunda and published by . This book was released on 2020-04-25 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book revolves around the idea that Artificial Intelligence (AI) is likely to bring about policy challenges with regards to employment. Recent literature has shown that automation is a trend that is here to stay. Policymakers need new tools and instruments to tackle the AI challenge. I argue that economic theory provides a taxation tool that can ensure the proliferation of AI is followed by a Pareto-improved situation. With the assumption that AI capital is a perfect substitute to human capital within a given firm, partially differentiating a Cobb-Douglas production function (with elasticity of substitution equal one) shows that in the absence of a tax, marginal product of labour would equal that of AI rental. Imposing a tax on the latter would ensure that firms simply switch from AI to human labour, which would improve their condition without making the firm worse off.
Download or read book The Economics of Artificial Intelligence written by Ajay Agrawal and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2024-03-05 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely investigation of the potential economic effects, both realized and unrealized, of artificial intelligence within the United States healthcare system. In sweeping conversations about the impact of artificial intelligence on many sectors of the economy, healthcare has received relatively little attention. Yet it seems unlikely that an industry that represents nearly one-fifth of the economy could escape the efficiency and cost-driven disruptions of AI. The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges brings together contributions from health economists, physicians, philosophers, and scholars in law, public health, and machine learning to identify the primary barriers to entry of AI in the healthcare sector. Across original papers and in wide-ranging responses, the contributors analyze barriers of four types: incentives, management, data availability, and regulation. They also suggest that AI has the potential to improve outcomes and lower costs. Understanding both the benefits of and barriers to AI adoption is essential for designing policies that will affect the evolution of the healthcare system.
Download or read book Digital Technologies in the New Socio Economic Reality written by Svetlana Igorevna Ashmarina and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page 891 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains contributions from the IX International Scientific Conference “Digital Transformation of the Economy: Challenges, Trends and New Opportunities,” which was organized by Samara State University of Economics (SSEU, Samara, Russia), 2021, and devoted to the 90th anniversary of this higher education institution. Digital technologies became even more in demand during the pandemic, when companies, state authorities, and educational organizations were forced to switch to a remote format of work. The “forced” digitization of the usual ways of activity required rapid and decisive changes. Understanding the ongoing digital transformation implies the relevance of further in-depth research of this issue in the context of various socioeconomic systems, interdisciplinary interactions, and cooperation between scientists and practitioners. The book is an attempt to analyze these changes and consider them from the point of view of various scientific areas (economics, management, education, law, sociology, and others). This book addresses theoretical and practical aspects by studying the digital technology application in terms of the new socioeconomic reality development: big data in the digital economy, data collection and exchange, artificial intelligence, intelligent communications, digital platforms and strategies for the sustainable development of socioeconomic systems, and new requirements of professional and business education. It provides significant value for scientists, teachers, and students of higher educational institutions.
Download or read book Broadening the Gains from Generative AI written by Fernanda Brollo and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-06-17 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generative artificial intelligence (gen AI) holds immense potential to boost productivity growth and advance public service delivery, but it also raises profound concerns about massive labor disruptions and rising inequality. This note discusses how fiscal policies can be employed to steer the technology and its deployment in ways that serve humanity best while cushioning the negative labor market and distributional effects to broaden the gains. Given the vast uncertainty about the nature, impact, and speed of developments in gen AI, governments should take an agile approach that prepares them for both business as usual and highly disruptive scenarios.
Download or read book I Robot written by Roberta F. Mann and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a 2017 interview, Microsoft founder Bill Gates recommended taxing robots to slow the pace of automation. Funds raised could be used to retrain and financially support displaced workers. Up to 47 percent of U.S. jobs are at risk by advancements in artificial intelligence. Low-wage workers currently hold a majority of those at-risk jobs. Increased automation is likely to exacerbate income inequality. While employment changes due to automation are not new, advances in artificial intelligence threaten many more jobs much more quickly than historic automation did. Accelerated automation presents two problems: a revenue problem and a human problem. The revenue problem exists because the tax system is designed to tax labor more heavily, as labor is less likely to be able to avoid taxation. Capital investment, on the other hand, is taxed more lightly because capital is mobile and can escape taxation. When capital becomes labor, as in automation, the bottom falls out of the system. The human problem is first that most people need income from working to survive. Some scholars have advocated for a governmentally provided universal basic income (UBI). Taxing robots could in theory provide revenue for a UBI, although any source of revenue would work just as well. While this would solve the survival problem, humans need more than basic survival. In his classic work, psychologist Abraham Maslow put survival at the bottom of his hierarchy of needs. Work satisfies the higher order needs of social identity and self-esteem. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), enacted in December 2017, significantly cut the U.S. corporate tax rate, from 35 percent to 21 percent. In addition, TCJA increased tax benefits for purchasing equipment (which would include automation), significantly enhancing bonus depreciation. The new tax legislation continued and deepened the existing tax bias towards automation. This article explores policy options for solving the revenue problem and the "jobs" problem, including a discussion and critique of UBI proposals and recommendations for other policy options, such as an enhanced earned income tax credit, incentives for employers, and reviving an idea from the Great Depression, the Civilian Conservation Corps.
Download or read book Taxing Africa written by Mick Moore and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-07-15 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taxation has been seen as the domain of charisma-free accountants, lawyers and number crunchers – an unlikely place to encounter big societal questions about democracy, equity or good governance. Yet it is exactly these issues that pervade conversations about taxation among policymakers, tax collectors, civil society activists, journalists and foreign aid donors in Africa today. Tax has become viewed as central to African development. Written by leading international experts, Taxing Africa offers a cutting-edge analysis on all aspects of the continent's tax regime, displaying the crucial role such arrangements have on attempts to create social justice and push economic advancement. From tax evasion by multinational corporations and African elites to how ordinary people navigate complex webs of 'informal' local taxation, the book examines the potential for reform, and how space might be created for enabling locally-led strategies.
Download or read book Taxing Robots From the Emerge of an Electronic Ability to Pay to a Tax on Robots Or the Use of Robots written by xavier oberson and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper considers that granting a legal personality to robots could lead to the emergence of an electronic ability to pay, which may be recognized for tax purposes. As a consequence of such a development, a specific tax personality would need to be granted to robots. This would require a clear definition of robots, which could be based on the use of artificial intelligence, combined with a sufficient level of autonomy. From the perspective that smart robots may now replace inherent human activities, such as the interaction, learning and decision-making processes, the potential implications of a tax on robots, or on the use of such robots, is considered. The possibility of an income tax on an imputed salary from robots' activities, or on other income, is also considered. Initially, the economic capacity to pay the tax should still be attributed to the employer or owner of the robots. Later, when technology allows, an ability to pay to robots may be recognized. Initial comments on the application of the value added tax on robots' activities (transfer of goods and services), as well as international tax issues (notably tax treaty aspects) are also expressed, but would be the subject of further study from a global and international perspective.Full-text Paper.
Download or read book Taxing Robots From the Emerge of an Electronic Ability to Pay to a Tax on Robots Or the Use of Robots written by X. Oberson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper considers that granting a legal personality to robots could lead to the emergence of an electronic ability to pay, which may be recognized for tax purposes. As a consequence of such a development, a specific tax personality would need to be granted to robots. This would require a clear definition of robots, which could be based on the use of artificial intelligence, combined with a sufficient level of autonomy. From the perspective that smart robots may now replace inherent human activities, such as the interaction, learning and decision-making processes, the potential implications of a tax on robots, or on the use of such robots, is considered. The possibility of an income tax on an imputed salary from robots' activities, or on other income, is also considered. Initially, the economic capacity to pay the tax should still be attributed to the employer or owner of the robots. Later, when technology allows, an ability to pay to robots may be recognized. Initial comments on the application of the value added tax on robots' activities (transfer of goods and services), as well as international tax issues (notably tax treaty aspects) are also expressed, but would be the subject of further study from a global and international perspective.
