Download or read book Tariffs and the Adoption of Clean Technology Under Asymmetric Information written by Rodney D. Ludema and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the effect of a tariff on the decision of a foreign monopolist to adopt clean technology, which reduces the flow of a negative cross-border externality. The clean technology increases the marginal cost of production relative to the dirty technology, but only the firm knows the extent of the increase. Under complete information, despite its protectionist motivation, the importing country's optimal tariff induces the firm to adopt the clean technology if and only if it is globally efficient to do so. Under incomplete information, this efficiency property is disrupted, and the firm biases its choice in favour of dirty technology.
Download or read book Essays on Trade and the Environment written by Taizo Takeno and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamic Tariffs with Asymmetric Information written by Raymond G. Riezman and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Trade and Domestic Regulation written by Robert W. Staiger and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Existing formal models of the relationship between trade policy and regulatory policy suggest the potential for a regulatory race to the bottom. WTO rules and disputes, however, center on complaints about excessively stringent regulations. This paper bridges the gap between the existing formal literature and the actual pattern of rules and disputes. Employing the terms-of-trade framework for the modeling of trade agreements, we show how "large" nations may have an incentive to impose discriminatory product standards against imported goods once border instruments are constrained, and how inefficiently stringent standards may emerge under certain circumstances even if regulatory discrimination is prohibited. We then assess the WTO legal framework in light of our results, arguing that it does a reasonably thorough job of policing regulatory discrimination, but that it does relatively little to address excessive nondiscriminatory regulations"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site
Download or read book Carbon Tariffs written by David F. Drake and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon regulation is intended to reduce global emissions, but there is growing concern that such regulation may simply shift production to unregulated regions and increase global emissions in the process. Carbon tariffs have emerged as a possible mechanism to address these concerns by imposing carbon costs on imports at the regulated region's border. I show that, when firms choose from discrete production technologies and offshore producers hold a comparative cost advantage, carbon leakage can result despite the implementation of a carbon tariff. In such a setting, foreign firms adopt clean technology at a lower emissions price than firms operating in the regulated region, with foreign entry increasing only over emissions price intervals within which foreign firms hold this technology advantage. Further, domestic firms are shown to conditionally offshore production despite the implementation of a carbon tariff, adopting cleaner technology when they do so. As a consequence, when carbon leakage does occur under a carbon tariff, it conditionally decreases global emissions. Three sources of potential welfare improvement realized through carbon tariffs require both foreign comparative advantage and endogenous technology choice, underscoring the importance of considering both in value assessments of such a policy.
Download or read book Induced Clean Technology Adoption and International Trade with Heterogeneous Firms written by Jingbo Cui and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper introduces an environmental externality and factor-biased technology adoption into a trade model with heterogeneous firms. This study explores how firms' decisions of technology adoption and of exports are affected by openness to trade and the stringency of environmental regulations. I show: (i) these decisions induced by tightened environmental policies depend upon whether the upgraded technology is labor-biased or emission-biased; (ii) the environmental impact of trade cost reductions on the aggregate emissions and price of emissions permits varies with the factor-biased feature; and (iii) regardless of the factor-biased feature, the trade cost reduction induces firms to export and to upgrade the factor-biased technology, while it forces the least productive firms to exit the market. Moreover, this study calibrates the model and simulates scenarios for bilateral and unilateral policy variations in trade variable costs and environmental policies. The effects of the unilateral stringent environmental policies on emissions leakage and social welfare in home and foreign countries are examined.
Download or read book Accelerating Clean Energy Technology Research Development and Deployment written by Patrick Avato and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-06-10 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is one of the key challenges of this century. At the same time, energy use the primary source of climate-altering global greenhouse gas emissions is increasing at unprecedented rates and is vital to the continued economic growth of developing countries. This poses a serious dilemma that can only be reconciled with new and improved clean energy technologies that balance climate change mitigation and increased energy needs in developing countries. Despite a recent increase in investment, public and private research, development, and deployment (RD&D) funding rates are well below historical levels. In addition, significant barriers impede the ability to develop new technologies, such as the uncertain future value of CO2 emissions, intellectual property rights issues, limited incentives to commercialize technologies for developing countries, and challenges with technology transfer. These factors must be overcome to accelerate innovation in the energy sector. To introduce new thinking to address these concerns, this report examines four cases from outside the energy sector where creative approaches to RD&D have successfully overcome similar barriers. The case studies review approaches to innovation by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, Advanced Market Commitments for Vaccines, the Human Genome Project, and the concept of Distributed Innovation. These case studies show how creative efforts can generate valuable public goods via: (i) international partnerships between public and private actors, (ii) information sharing and intellectual property rights, and (iii) novel financing schemes.
Download or read book Tariffs Quotas and Forward Contracts Under Asymmetric Information written by Tigran A. Melkonyan and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We consider optimal trade policy for a large country with private information. We show that the optimal tariff leads to a signaling equilibrium with higher tariffs and lower welfare than under complete information, whereas the optimal import quota replicates the complete information equilibrium and thus is superior to the tariff. We also show that, with the tariff, the country may be better off being uninformed. Finally, we show that if the importing nation cannot commit to its tariff, the use of futures contracts together with the dynamically consistent tariff leads to the same equilibrium as under complete information with commitment.
Download or read book Two Tier Asymmetric Information as a Motive for Trade Trade Policies and Inefficient Trade Agreements written by Antoine Bouët and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We consider a general equilibrium model of international trade with two identical countries, two commodities, a terms-of-trade externality, and two layers of informational asymmetries. First, domestic producers have private information on their technology. Such within-country informational asymmetry impacts on the design of “behind-the-border" policies which reflect the political influence of domestic producers. Those policies create a wedge between price and marginal costs so as to contract domestic supply in response to truth-telling constraints. This causes trade with an otherwise symmetric country and thus justifies the use of an import tariff at borders. Eliminating those barriers and reaching efficient trade agreements may become impossible once governments have also private information on the political influence of domestic producers: a second layer of informational asymmetry that now impacts negotiations across countries. We present conditions for free trade to remain implementable in those informationally-constrained contexts. Otherwise, we characterize second-best trade agreements and show that, under weak conditions, governments giving an excessive political weight to high-cost domestic producers might be reluctant to adopt free trade, possibly implementing tariffs still at their non-cooperative levels.
Download or read book Optimal Tariffs and Technology Adoption written by Romain Lestage and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study how the most-favored-nation (MFN) clause affects the tariffs of an importer, technology adoption by exporters, and global welfare. Our main contribution is to consider the disclosure effect of the MFN clause, that is, the fact that it makes tariffs not only uniform but also observable by third parties. We show that the disclosure effect potentially offsets the price uniformity effect studied in the literature. As a result, if technology adoption is a long-term decision and entails high costs for the exporters, the MFN clause may reduce global welfare. In case of short-term technology adoption, we show that the welfare implications of the MFN clause depend on key primitives of the competition model such as strategic complementary or substitutability, the derivative of the cost pass-through rate, and the derivative of the exporters' conduct parameter.
Download or read book Timing of Adoption of Clean Technologies Transboundary Pollution and International Trade written by Mehdi Ben Jebli and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economics of Pollution Havens written by Don Fullerton and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pollution haven may arise if environmental stringency differs between countries, when capital is mobile, and when trade rules allow firms to relocate and still sell their products to the same customers. This cohesive volume analyzes how country characteristics determine environmental rules, how those rules affect production costs, trade, and investment flows, how those flows affect pollution, prices, and incomes, and finally how all of these last considerations feed back into environmental rules. The sixteen papers collected here represent the most recent and significant advancements of knowledge on the subject. The contributors, all well-known scholars in the area, investigate how polluter location decisions respond to pollution policies, how local environmental rules respond to those location decisions, and how trade liberalization affects the incentives of governments to regulate dirty industries. The volume begins with a comprehensive overview by M. Scott Taylor and goes on to explore how the usual effects of pollution havens can be reversed. Also covered are the ways in which managed trade and trade liberalization, the regulation of multinationals, political stability and emissions controls impact pollution havens. Written for a multidisciplinary audience, The Economics of Pollution Havens will be of interest to those working in the areas of economics, international trade, political science, public policy, and environmental studies.
Download or read book Water Policy Productivity and Economic Efficiency written by Todd Green and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Water Policy, Productivity and Economic Efficiency" that was published in Water
Download or read book Engineering Technology Engineering Education and Engineering Management written by Deyao Tan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-06-25 with total page 1213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains papers presented at the International Conference on Engineering Technologies, Engineering Education and Engineering Management (ETEEEM 2014, Hong Kong, 15-16 November 2014). A wide variety of topics is included in the book: - Engineering Education - Education Engineering and Technology - Methods and Learning Mechanism
Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Download or read book Clean Disruption of Energy and Transportation written by Tony Seba and published by Tony Seba. This book was released on 2014-06-27 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The industrial age of energy and transportation will be over by 2030. Maybe before. Exponentially improving technologies such as solar, electric vehicles, and autonomous (self-driving) cars will disrupt and sweep away the energy and transportation industries as we know it. The same Silicon Valley ecosystem that created bit-based technologies that have disrupted atom-based industries is now creating bit- and electron-based technologies that will disrupt atom-based energy industries. Clean Disruption projections (based on technology cost curves, business model innovation as well as product innovation) show that by 2030: - All new energy will be provided by solar or wind. - All new mass-market vehicles will be electric. - All of these vehicles will be autonomous (self-driving) or semi-autonomous. - The new car market will shrink by 80%. - Even assuming that EVs don't kill the gasoline car by 2030, the self-driving car will shrink the new car market by 80%. - Gasoline will be obsolete. Nuclear is already obsolete. - Up to 80% of highways will be redundant. - Up to 80% of parking spaces will be redundant. - The concept of individual car ownership will be obsolete. - The Car Insurance industry will be disrupted. The Stone Age did not end because we ran out of rocks. It ended because a disruptive technology ushered in the Bronze Age. The era of centralized, command-and-control, extraction-resource-based energy sources (oil, gas, coal and nuclear) will not end because we run out of petroleum, natural gas, coal, or uranium. It will end because these energy sources, the business models they employ, and the products that sustain them will be disrupted by superior technologies, product architectures, and business models. This is a technology-based disruption reminiscent of how the cell phone, Internet, and personal computer swept away industries such as landline telephony, publishing, and mainframe computers. Just like those technology disruptions flipped the architecture of information and brought abundant, cheap and participatory information, the clean disruption will flip the architecture of energy and bring abundant, cheap and participatory energy. Just like those previous technology disruptions, the Clean Disruption is inevitable and it will be swift.
Download or read book Financing Clean Energy Access in Sub Saharan Africa written by Bruno Michoud and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-15 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book analyses barriers and challenges associated with the financing of clean energy access in sub-Saharan Africa. By considering various economic, financial, political, environmental and social factors, it explores the consequences of energy poverty across the region and maps the real and perceived investment risks for potential capital providers, both domestic and international. Furthermore, it analyses risk mitigation strategies and innovative financing structures available to the public and private sectors, which are aimed at leveraging capital in the clean energy sector at scale and fostering the creation of an enabling business and investment environment. More specifically, the present book analyses how to (i) enhance capital allocation in projects and organisations that foster clean energy access in the region, (ii) mobilize private capital at scale and (iii) decrease the cost of financing through risk mitigation strategies. Going beyond traditional approaches, the book also considers socioeconomic and cultural aspects associated with investment barriers across the subcontinent. Moreover, it urges the public and private spheres to become more actively involved in tackling this pressing development issue, and provides policy recommendations for the public sector, including proposals for business model evolution at multilateral agencies and development institutions. It will appeal to a wide readership of both academics and professionals working in the energy industry, the financial sector and the political sphere, as well as to general readers interested in the ongoing debate about energy, sustainable development and finance.
