Download or read book Tariffs and Technology Transfer Through an Intermediate Product written by Eiji Horiuchi and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the relationship between tariffs and North-South technology transfer in an oligopoly model when technology is embodied in a key component that only North firms can produce. They may have an incentive to transfer their technologies to South firms even if the South's licensing market is restricted or if intellectual property right protection is imperfect in the South. Interestingly, a decrease in the tariff on the final good as well as an increase may induce technology transfer. Our analysis suggests that the South should implement pro-competitive policies to induce technology transfer and enhance welfare.
Download or read book Tariffs and Productivity when Technology is Embodied in Capital Equipment written by Harry Bloch and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tariffs Technology Choices Natural Resources and Growth in the Antebellum United States written by Jill Lorene Van Stone and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Building China s Information Technology Industry written by Michael Borrus and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tariffs trains and trade the role of institutions versus technology in the expansion of markets written by Wolfgang Keller and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Trade Beyond Trump written by RALPH H. FOLSOM and published by West Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2021-04-07 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Trade Beyond Trump commences with coverage of global trade economics, issues, and patterns, focusing particularly on World Trade Organization (WTO) and trade agreements in the disruptive Trump tariff war era, including Trump blockage of WTO dispute settlement. Coverage of customs, imports and exports, foreign corrupt practices, and trade remedy responses to import competition follow. Technology transfers across borders and free trade during the Trump presidency are detailed. Trade policy alternatives beyond Trump are discussed and highlighted as Biden Impacts throughout this book. Principles of International Trade Beyond Trump can be used in connection with any international trade or international business transactions coursebook, or on its own. Key international trade documents, citations and links are included.
Download or read book 20 Years of the Information Technology Agreement written by World Trade Organization and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 20 years, the Information Technology Agreement (ITA) has increased worldwide access to high-tech goods, such as computers, mobile phones and semiconductors. It has also contributed to greater access to the Internet and the growth of the digital economy, creating new opportunities for businesses and individuals in both developed and developing countries. Finalized at the first WTO Ministerial Conference in 1996, the ITA commits its participants to eliminating tariffs on a wide range of IT products with an annual value of approximately US$ 1.7 trillion. To mark the 20th anniversary of the ITA, this publication analyses the impact of the ITA on its participants and on worldwide trade in IT products. It demonstrates how the Agreement has not only made high-tech products more affordable but has also helped to promote innovation and to support developing countries' integration into global production networks. The publication also reviews new developments, such as the landmark deal concluded in 2015 to eliminate tariffs on an additional 201 IT products valued at over $1.3 trillion per year. Finally, it highlights what still needs to be done to meet the UN's Sustainable Development Goal of providing universal and affordable access to the Internet so that the benefits of the digital revolution can be enjoyed by all.
Download or read book Tariff Negotiations and Renegotiations under the GATT and the WTO written by Anwarul Hoda and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past seven decades, since the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was established in 1947, there has been a phenomenal increase in international trade in goods, largely due to sustained efforts by the world's main trading nations to reduce and eliminate tariff barriers in a multilaterally orchestrated manner. This publication reviews how the procedures and practices relating to tariff negotiations and renegotiations have evolved over this time. In particular, this new edition recounts how negotiations to expand the duty-free coverage of the Information Technology Agreement were concluded and provides an account of tariff renegotiations regarding successive enlargements of the European Union. It also covers tariff negotiations for the accession of a number of new members to the WTO, such as China and Russia. This book will be of particular interest to negotiators, members of government, trade ministries, economists and academics specialized in trade policy.
Download or read book Protecting Consumers Through Protection written by Tarun Kabiraj and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clashing Over Commerce written by Douglas A. Irwin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Foreign Affairs Best Book of the Year: “Tells the history of American trade policy . . . [A] grand narrative [that] also debunks trade-policy myths.” —Economist Should the United States be open to commerce with other countries, or should it protect domestic industries from foreign competition? This question has been the source of bitter political conflict throughout American history. Such conflict was inevitable, James Madison argued in the Federalist Papers, because trade policy involves clashing economic interests. The struggle between the winners and losers from trade has always been fierce because dollars and jobs are at stake: depending on what policy is chosen, some industries, farmers, and workers will prosper, while others will suffer. Douglas A. Irwin’s Clashing over Commerce is the most authoritative and comprehensive history of US trade policy to date, offering a clear picture of the various economic and political forces that have shaped it. From the start, trade policy divided the nation—first when Thomas Jefferson declared an embargo on all foreign trade and then when South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union over excessive taxes on imports. The Civil War saw a shift toward protectionism, which then came under constant political attack. Then, controversy over the Smoot-Hawley tariff during the Great Depression led to a policy shift toward freer trade, involving trade agreements that eventually produced the World Trade Organization. Irwin makes sense of this turbulent history by showing how different economic interests tend to be grouped geographically, meaning that every proposed policy change found ready champions and opponents in Congress. Deeply researched and rich with insight and detail, Clashing over Commerce provides valuable and enduring insights into US trade policy past and present. “Combines scholarly analysis with a historian’s eye for trends and colorful details . . . readable and illuminating, for the trade expert and for all Americans wanting a deeper understanding of America’s evolving role in the global economy.” —National Review “Magisterial.” —Foreign Affairs
Download or read book 15 Years of the Information Technology Agreement written by World Trade Organization and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Information and Technology Agreement (ITA) was finalised at the first WTO Ministerial Conference, in Singapore, in 1996, committing its participants to completely eliminate duties on certain information technology products. In its 15 years, the ITA has promoted affordable access to a wide range of technologies, encouraging closer cooperation between developed and developing countries. As production networks become increasingly global, the ITA will continue to facilitate the shift from products made in a specific country to "Made in the World". To mark the 15th anniversary of the ITA, this publication charts the political and technical obstacles which were overcome during the creation of the Agreement and the issues which still need to be resolved. It charts the establishment of the ITA Committee and how the Agreement is implemented, and investigates the impact the ITA has had on trade liberalisation and innovation. The publication also examines the effect information technology has had on global production networks and what this means for developing countries and the ITA.
Download or read book Making Sense of Smoot Hawley written by Bernard Beaudreau and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2005-12 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three-quarters of a century after its enactment, the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act remains an enigma. Either U.S. policymakers were grossly mistaken or we have missed something. Could there have been a method to their apparent madness? Could the upward tariff revision have made sense, however little? This book, based on the author's earlier work on Mass Production and the Great Depression, offers an alternative interpretation of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930, namely as a response on the part of U.S. policymakers to the problem of underincome, itself the result of the massive technology shock that was electrification and the ensuing extremely-high-throughput, continuous-flow production techniques pioneered at the Ford Motor Company at its Highland Park plant. Productive capacity increased faster than income and expenditure, opening the gap that Reed Smoot, Willis C. Hawley, and the Republican Party set out to close via a generalized upward tariff revision.
Download or read book The International Transfer of Commercial Technology written by Leo Edwin Konz and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optimal Tariffs and Technology Choice written by Romain Lestage and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study how the most-favored-nation (MFN) clause affects the tariffs of an importer, the technology choices of exporters, and global welfare. Our key contribution is to consider that the MFN clause does not only impose nondiscriminatory tariffs but also makes tariffs observable to third parties. We show that the latter effect potentially overturns important results from the literature. Namely, if the exporters' technology choices are long-term decisions, the MFN clause may reduce welfare if technology adoption costs are high and/or the exported products are close substitutes. If the exporters' technology choices are short-term decisions, the welfare effects of the MFN clause depend on key primitives of the competition model such as strategic complementary or substitutability, the derivative of the cost pass-through rate, and the derivative of the exporters' conduct parameter.
Download or read book Tariffs and the Adoption of Clean Technology Under Asymmetric Information written by Rodney D. Ludema and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the effect of a tariff on the decision of a foreign monopolist to adopt clean technology, which reduces the flow of a negative cross-border externality. The clean technology increases the marginal cost of production relative to the dirty technology, but only the firm knows the extent of the increase. Under complete information, despite its protectionist motivation, the importing country's optimal tariff induces the firm to adopt the clean technology if and only if it is globally efficient to do so. Under incomplete information, this efficiency property is disrupted, and the firm biases its choice in favour of dirty technology.
Download or read book Peeling Away the Layers Impacts of Durable Tariff Elimination written by Arevik Gnutzmann-Mkrtchyan and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-05-10 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We demonstrate that durable MFN tariff elimination affects trade patterns through several layers, which generates non-linear impacts. First, complete tariff elimination results in a large additional trade gains over and above tariff reductions. Second, commitment to durable tariff elimination, through WTO bindings, further boosts both imports and exports of ITA members. The unique setting of the WTO Information Technology Agreement (ITA) allows us to identify these effects of non-discriminatory trade policies because (i) ITA constitutes a quasi-natural experiment as several “passive” signatories joined it as an unavoidable part of pursuing of a larger policy objective, and (ii) ITA's partial coverage of the IT sector provides a natural control group for cross-product identification. Commitments under the ITA spurned development of a downstream IT export sector in “passive” signatories.
Download or read book Tariffs and Innovation in a Schumpeterian Economy with North South Technology Transfer written by Ut Meng Ho and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a North-South quality-ladder model with northern innovative R&D, southern adaptive R&D and imitative R&D to analyze the effects of tariffs on innovation, technology transfer, relative wage and welfare. We find that increasing southern tariff decreases the relative wage between the North and the South permanently, increases the technology transfer rate permanently and decreases the northern innovation rate temporarily. In contrast, increasing northern tariff increases the relative wage permanently, decreases the technology transfer rate permanently and either increases or decreases the northern innovation rate, depending on the size of the North-South labor ratio. Moreover, we calibrate this model to the US-China data to perform a quantitative analysis. We find that imposing tariff in the home country yields welfare gain in itself and yields welfare loss in the foreign country. When both countries impose tariffs simultaneously, they can benefit from the welfare gains.
