Download or read book Tacit and Explicit Knowledge written by Harry Collins and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-06-15 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of what humans know we cannot say. And much of what we do we cannot describe. For example, how do we know how to ride a bike when we can’t explain how we do it? Abilities like this were called “tacit knowledge” by physical chemist and philosopher Michael Polanyi, but here Harry Collins analyzes the term, and the behavior, in much greater detail, often departing from Polanyi’s treatment. In Tacit and Explicit Knowledge, Collins develops a common conceptual language to bridge the concept’s disparate domains by explaining explicit knowledge and classifying tacit knowledge. Collins then teases apart the three very different meanings, which, until now, all fell under the umbrella of Polanyi’s term: relational tacit knowledge (things we could describe in principle if someone put effort into describing them), somatic tacit knowledge (things our bodies can do but we cannot describe how, like balancing on a bike), and collective tacit knowledge (knowledge we draw that is the property of society, such as the rules for language). Thus, bicycle riding consists of some somatic tacit knowledge and some collective tacit knowledge, such as the knowledge that allows us to navigate in traffic. The intermixing of the three kinds of tacit knowledge has led to confusion in the past; Collins’s book will at last unravel the complexities of the idea. Tacit knowledge drives everything from language, science, education, and management to sport, bicycle riding, art, and our interaction with technology. In Collins’s able hands, it also functions at last as a framework for understanding human behavior in a range of disciplines.

Download or read book Tacit Knowledge written by Neil Gascoigne and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-09-03 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tacit knowledge is the form of implicit knowledge that we rely on for learning. It is invoked in a wide range of intellectual inquiries, from traditional academic subjects to more pragmatically orientated investigations into the nature and transmission of skills and expertise. Notwithstanding its apparent pervasiveness, the notion of tacit knowledge is a complex and puzzling one. What is its status as knowledge? What is its relation to explicit knowledge? What does it mean to say that knowledge is tacit? Can it be measured? Recent years have seen a growing interest from philosophers in understanding the nature of tacit knowledge. Philosophers of science have discussed its role in scientific problem-solving; philosophers of language have been concerned with the speaker's relation to grammatical theories; and phenomenologists have attempted to describe the relation of explicit theoretical knowledge to a background understanding of matters that are taken for granted. This book seeks to bring a unity to these diverse philosophical discussions by clarifying their conceptual underpinnings. In addition the book advances a specific account of tacit knowledge that elucidates the importance of the concept for understanding the character of human cognition, and demonstrates the relevance of the recommended account to those concerned with the communication of expertise. The book will be of interest to philosophers of language, epistemologists, cognitive psychologists and students of theoretical linguistics.

Download or read book The Tacit Dimension written by Michael Polanyi and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-05 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Tacit Dimension" argues that tacit knowledge -tradition, inherited practices, implied values, and prejudgments- is a crucial part of scientific knowledge. This volume challenges the assumption that skepticism, rather than established belief, lies at the heart of scientific discovery.

Download or read book Tacit Knowledge in Organizational Learning written by Busch, Peter and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2008-01-31 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the complexity of tactic knowledge has become increasingly important to the enhancement of organizational flow. Tacit Knowledge in Organizational Learning aims to advocate the need for ?human factor? consideration from a (tactic) knowledge capital point of view. Tacit Knowledge in Organizational Learning offers academians and practitioners an illustration of the importance of tacit knowledge to an organization, presenting a means to measure and track tacit knowledge in individuals and recommendations on firm attributes and their ideal utilization of the tacit knowledge resource.

Download or read book Tacit Knowledge in Professional Practice written by Robert J. Sternberg and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1999-02-01 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Those responsible for professional development in public and private-sector organizations have long had to deal with an uncomfortable reality. Billions of dollars are spent on formal education and training directed toward the development of job incumbents, yet the recipients of this training spend all but a fraction of their working life outside the training room--in meetings, on the shop floor, on the road, or in their offices. Faced with the need to promote "continuous learning" in a cost-effective manner, trainers, consultants, and educators have sought to develop ways to enrich the instructional and developmental potential of job assignments--to understand and facilitate the "lessons of experience." Not surprisingly, social and behavioral scientists have weighed in on the subject of on-the-job learning, and one message of their research is quite clear. This message is that much of the knowledge people use to succeed on the job is acquired implicitly--without intention to learn or awareness of having learned. The common language of the workplace reflects an awareness of this fact as people speak of learning "by doing" or "by osmosis" and of professional "instinct" or "intuition." Psychologists, more careful if not clearer in their choice of words, refer to learning without intention or awareness as "implicit learning" and refer to the knowledge that results from this learning as "tacit knowledge." Tacit Knowledge in Professional Practice explores implicit learning and tacit knowledge as they manifest themselves in the practice of six knowledge-intensive professions, and considers the implications of a tacit-knowledge approach for increasing the instructional and developmental impact of work experiences. This volume brings together distinguished practitioners and researchers in each of the six disciplines to discuss their own research and/or professional experience and to engage each other's views. It addresses professional practice in its totality -- from the technical to the interpersonal to the crassly commercial -- not simply a few aspects of practice that lend themselves to controlled study. Finally, this edited volume seeks to go beyond the enumeration of critical experiences to an understanding of the psychological mechanisms that underlie learning from experience in professional disciplines and, in so doing, to lay a foundation for innovations in professional education and training.

Download or read book Enabling Knowledge Creation written by Georg von Krogh and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-06-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When The Knowledge-Creating Company (OUP; nearly 40,000 copies sold) appeared, it was hailed as a landmark work in the field of knowledge management. Now, Enabling Knowledge Creation ventures even further into this all-important territory, showing how firms can generate and nurture ideas by using the concepts introduced in the first book. Weaving together lessons from such international leaders as Siemens, Unilever, Skandia, and Sony, along with their own first-hand consulting experiences, the authors introduce knowledge enabling--the overall set of organizational activities that promote knowledge creation--and demonstrate its power to transform an organization's knowledge into value-creating actions. They describe the five key "knowledge enablers" and outline what it takes to instill a knowledge vision, manage conversations, mobilize knowledge activists, create the right context for knowledge creation, and globalize local knowledge. The authors stress that knowledge creation must be more than the exclusive purview of one individual--or designated "knowledge" officer. Indeed, it demands new roles and responsibilities for everyone in the organization--from the elite in the executive suite to the frontline workers on the shop floor. Whether an activist, a caring expert, or a corporate epistemologist who focuses on the theory of knowledge itself, everyone in an organization has a vital role to play in making "care" an integral part of the everyday experience; in supporting, nurturing, and encouraging microcommunities of innovation and fun; and in creating a shared space where knowledge is created, exchanged, and used for sustained, competitive advantage. This much-anticipated sequel puts practical tools into the hands of managers and executives who are struggling to unleash the power of knowledge in their organization.

Download or read book Tacit Knowledge in Organizations written by Philippe Baumard and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1999-07-28 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: `Philippe Baumard has observed that strategic success seems to lie more in top managers' ability to use tacit knowledge than in their gaining or updating explicit knowledge' - William H Starbuck, New York University `This important new book effectively illustrates how, in conditions of ambiguity, managers `over-manage', i.e. rely too much on explicit plans and interpretations. Here, Philippe Baumard develops an alternative analysis and with it a new approach to management' - Frank Blackler, Lancaster University This landmark book delves below the surface of organizations in order to understand the complex processes of top managers' decision making. Philippe

Download or read book Implicit Learning and Tacit Knowledge written by Arthur S. Reber and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1996-09-05 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Tacit Knowledge Capture written by William G. Dzekashu and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2015-06-19 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About This Book: Knowledge loss forced organizations to develop knowledge capture programs. Yet captured knowledge proved deficient in quality, due in part to lack of integration of quality management throughout the capture process. This book presents the outcome of a case study that explored the impact of integrating quality management into the tacit knowledgecapture process. The study framed around Polanyis theory of tacit knowing proves the perfect management companion. From a social perspective, implementation of a model that encompasses personality and quality could improve the decision-making process. Book Review: This book presents the outcome of a case study investigation of quality problems associated with learning tacit knowledge. Using qualitative methods, Dr. Dzekashu finds through the study that focusing on human development needs and quality control in knowledge transmittal mitigates quality degradation issues associated with transmitting tacit knowledge. These findings provide important implications for managers seeking to maintain critical and quality mass of organizational knowledge in the face of a rapidly aging workforce. Hermann A. Ndofor, PhD, assistant professor, Mays Business School, Texas A&M University

Download or read book Understanding the Tacit written by Stephen P. Turner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-21 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book outlines a new account of the tacit, meaning tacit knowledge, presuppositions, practices, traditions, and so forth. It includes essays on topics such as underdetermination and mutual understanding, and critical discussions of the major alternative approaches to the tacit, including Bourdieu’s habitus and various practice theories, Oakeshott’s account of tradition, Quentin Skinner’s theory of historical meaning, Harry Collins’s idea of collective tacit knowledge, as well as discussions of relevant cognitive science concepts, such as non-conceptual content, connectionism, and mirror neurons. The new account of tacit knowledge focuses on the fact that in making the tacit explicit, a person is not, as many past accounts have supposed, reading off the content of some sort of shared and fixed tacit scheme of presuppositions, but rather responding to the needs of the Other for understanding.

Download or read book The Tacit Dimension written by Lara Schrijver and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-03 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In architecture, tacit knowledge plays a substantial role in both the design process and its reception. The essays in this book explore the tacit dimension of architecture in its aesthetic, material, cultural, design-based, and reflexive understanding of what we build. Tacit knowledge, described in 1966 by Michael Polanyi as what we ‘can know but cannot tell’, often denotes knowledge that escapes quantifiable dimensions of research. Much of architecture’s knowledge resides beneath the surface, in nonverbal instruments such as drawings and models that articulate the spatial imagination of the design process. Awareness of the tacit dimension helps to understand the many facets of the spaces we inhabit, from the ideas of the architect to the more hidden assumptions of our cultures. Beginning in the studio, where students are guided into becoming architects, the book follows a path through the tacit knowledge present in materials, conceptual structures, and the design process, revealing how the tacit dimension leads to craftsmanship and the situated knowledge of architecture-in-the-world. Contributors: Tom Avermaete (ETH Zürich), Margitta Buchert (Leibniz-Universität Hannover), Christoph Grafe (Bergische Universität Wuppertal), Mari Lending (The Oslo School of Architecture and Design), Angelika Schnell (Academy of Fine Arts Vienna), Eireen Schreurs (Delft University of Technology), Lara Schrijver (University of Antwerp)

Download or read book Gaining Insight Through Tacit Knowledge written by Ted Spickler and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-10-27 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Students tend to steer away from classes that have a high technical content such as science, mathematics, engineering, the medical professions and anything where equations (how about economics?) play an important role. My message is deceptively simple; in order to gain real comprehension over a difficult subject, you need to know how your brain works. One successful approach to understanding your mind applies the philosophical viewpoint of Michael Polanyi's tacit theory of knowledge. This book introduces the need for your mind to create "tacit integrations" and explains how to attain what we call the "Aha" experience. Useful to teachers, coaches, and students, this learning methodology explains the behaviors needed for the attainment of full comprehension in either formal or informal learning situations. Polanyi was a brilliant research chemist who in later years turned his attention to explicating a personal philosophy of science. His self-reflections on how he created discoveries in chemistry offers illumination today into how our own minds work. The recognition of a subconscious level of mental activity (intuition and insight) is becoming a contemporary research topic and this book finds parallels between Polanyi and recent breakthroughs in cognitive psychology and selected neuroscience research. His tacit theory of knowledge, largely ignored among educational practitioners, is still alive today within knowledge management, medical training, and theological philosophy. This oversight is a shame and needs corrected. If you have no idea what is meant by a tacit integration (along with the necessary background for understanding it), you are missing valuable insights that show how you can put your brain into high gear. The tacit theory of knowledge informs constructivism and brings alive the dichotomy between explicit and implicit learning (also declarative and procedural knowledge). Polanyi died worried that his work would die with him. Let's not allow that to continue! Discovering how to apply tacit knowledge in learning and teaching can be a rewarding experience.

Download or read book The Knowledge Creating Company written by Ikujiro Nonaka and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1995-05-18 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How have Japanese companies become world leaders in the automotive and electronics industries, among others? What is the secret of their success? Two leading Japanese business experts, Ikujiro Nonaka and Hirotaka Takeuchi, are the first to tie the success of Japanese companies to their ability to create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies. In The Knowledge-Creating Company, Nonaka and Takeuchi provide an inside look at how Japanese companies go about creating this new knowledge organizationally. The authors point out that there are two types of knowledge: explicit knowledge, contained in manuals and procedures, and tacit knowledge, learned only by experience, and communicated only indirectly, through metaphor and analogy. U.S. managers focus on explicit knowledge. The Japanese, on the other hand, focus on tacit knowledge. And this, the authors argue, is the key to their success--the Japanese have learned how to transform tacit into explicit knowledge. To explain how this is done--and illuminate Japanese business practices as they do so--the authors range from Greek philosophy to Zen Buddhism, from classical economists to modern management gurus, illustrating the theory of organizational knowledge creation with case studies drawn from such firms as Honda, Canon, Matsushita, NEC, Nissan, 3M, GE, and even the U.S. Marines. For instance, using Matsushita's development of the Home Bakery (the world's first fully automated bread-baking machine for home use), they show how tacit knowledge can be converted to explicit knowledge: when the designers couldn't perfect the dough kneading mechanism, a software programmer apprenticed herself with the master baker at Osaka International Hotel, gained a tacit understanding of kneading, and then conveyed this information to the engineers. In addition, the authors show that, to create knowledge, the best management style is neither top-down nor bottom-up, but rather what they call "middle-up-down," in which the middle managers form a bridge between the ideals of top management and the chaotic realities of the frontline. As we make the turn into the 21st century, a new society is emerging. Peter Drucker calls it the "knowledge society," one that is drastically different from the "industrial society," and one in which acquiring and applying knowledge will become key competitive factors. Nonaka and Takeuchi go a step further, arguing that creating knowledge will become the key to sustaining a competitive advantage in the future. Because the competitive environment and customer preferences changes constantly, knowledge perishes quickly. With The Knowledge-Creating Company, managers have at their fingertips years of insight from Japanese firms that reveal how to create knowledge continuously, and how to exploit it to make successful new products, services, and systems.

Download or read book Tacit Knowledge and Spoken Discourse written by Michele Zappavigna and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2013-04-01 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A searching analysis of spoken discourse in the workplace, challenging Polyani's theory of Tacit Knowledge.

Download or read book Composing Processes and Artistic Agency written by Tasos Zembylas and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-31 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph carries out an in-depth investigation into compositional processes, shedding new light on the components and conditions that constitute artistic agency. Artistic agency relies on the interlocking of such activities that emerge from various propositional and non-propositional (experiential, corporeal, sensory) forms of knowledge - listening, feeling, imagining, trying out, reflecting, noting and correcting, which represents a small selection of the multifaceted composing activities. The book develops an understanding of artistic agency and mastery in its fundamentally social nature, through the important, though largely ignored output of creative compositional processes. Using a mixture of case studies and theoretical frameworks, this book will appeal to sociologists, musicologists, creative studies scholars, and artists, particularly those who teach composition or research on this topic, as well as students of MA- and PhD-level.

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Tacit Knowledge Management for Organizational Success written by Dhouha Jaziri-Bouagina and published by Information Science Reference. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book presents the importance of discussing the tacit knowledge management into the business field while presenting the overall objectives and motivations and giving an overview on each. This book also analyzes the recent developments of analysis methods of the tacit knowledge while integrating it into the frame of main concepts as the knowledge process, BA concept"--

Download or read book Dialogue Skill and Tacit Knowledge written by Bo Goranzon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everyone in an organization, from cleaner to CEO, has expert knowledge. Yet only a fraction of it can be codified and expressed explicitly as facts and rules. A little more is visible implicitly as accepted procedures, but even this is only the beginning. Submerged beneath the explicit and implicit levels is a vast iceberg of tacit knowledge that cannot be reliably accessed by traditional analytical approaches. And yet, without it, organizational learning means little. Interweaving theory with practical guidance, this book looks at the importance of tacit knowledge and shows how it is now being put in motion through groundbreaking analogical thinking methods. Chief among these is the Dialogue Seminar, developed by the editors, in which learning is seen as arising from encounters with differences. There can be no consensus on the value of corporate knowledge until what is meant by that knowledge is discussed and defined. Based on two decades of research and a host of practical cases, this book offers a way forward. "Göranzon argues that the question of whether machines can think is not the right question to ask. The more important question, he believes, is the impact of automation on work and human skills, and he is looking for a way of describing skills that allows us to discuss this question." —Janet Vaux, New Scientist "A Swedish initiave to rethink the relationship between learning and work." —Rolf Hughes, The Times Higher Education