Download or read book Systematics and Life History of the Great Barracuda Sphyraena Barracuda Walbaum written by Donald P. De Sylva and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The great barracuda, Sphyraena barracuda (Walbaum), family Sphyraenidae, is found in all tropical seas, with the exception of the eastern Pacific. The following nominal species are considered as synonyms of barracuda Walbaum, 1972: picuda Bloch and Schneider, 1801; becuna Lacèpéde, 1801; barracuda Shaw, 1804; barracuda Cuvier, 1829; commersoni Cuvier, 1829; dussumieri Cuvier, 1829; agam Rüppell, 1835; affinis Rüppell, 1835; nuageuse Liénard, 1843; picuda Poey, 1866; snodgrassi Jenkins, 1901; and akerstromi Whitley, 1947. S. kadenar Montrouzier, 1857, and microps Marshall, 1953, are probably synonyms. Barracuda were collected off Miami, Florida, from Bimini, Bahamas, and specimens from the Danish Oceanographical Expeditions in the western Atlantic were used. Ontogenetic variation in proportional measurements was determined for 171 specimens from 5.5 to 1111 mm standard length. Keys for identification are presented for barracuda, gauchancho, picudilla, borealis, and sphyraena. Most males mature at two years and all mature by three years. Some females mature at three years, and all mature at four. The spawning season is from April until October off southern Florida. Spawning was not observed but probably occurs in the open ocean. The eggs were not identified from plankton tows. Postlarvae were taken far from shore and near the surface, over depths of 200 to 5200 meters. Age analyses were based upon the scale readings of 555 barracuda, back-calculated lengths from scale measurements, and upon modes in the length-frequency distributions of 2707 specimens from southern Florida. It attains 10 to 12 inches at the end of the first winter, and 18 to 22 inches at the end of its second. It reaches an age of at least 14 years. Maximum length is about 6 feet and a weight of more than 100 pounds. The young barracuda drifts inshore in spring, spends its first summer in shallow nursery areas, and moves offshore to somewhat deeper water in late fall. During the second summer it enters the mangrove habitat or the deeper weed beds. In its third year it enters the coral-reef habitat. The barracuda migrates seasonally along both coasts of Florida. Some individuals may drift out to sea. Young sometimes occur in loose aggregations, but the adults are solitary. Peck order was observed among individuals from 12 to 16 inches long which were confined in a tank. Young feed upon atherinids, gobiids, and clupeids. Tetraodontiform fishes, hemiramphids, and carangids were most commonly taken by the adults. A change from a shallow-water habitat to that of a reef existence is accompanied by a change in food habits. A summary of the 29 attacks reputedly made by barracuda on humans is presented and analyzed. Underwater experiences with barracuda are discussed in relation to factors which are favorable to an attack. Poisoning in humans who have eaten fresh barracuda is due to a toxin in the flesh and not from bacterial poisoning. In the western Atlantic, poisonings have occurred throughout the year. There seems to be no relation between the attainment of maturity or the spawning cycle and the poisonous nature of barracuda flesh. Some 58 per cent of the stomacs of adult barracuda contained fishes which are reputedly toxic, of which 20 per cent were tetraodontiform fishes. Evidence is presented for a food-chain origin of the toxin, and mechanisms are discussed for the transmission of the toxin from planktonic and benthic algae to barracuda by way of intermediate organisms. Variations in hydrographic and meteorological features are believed to results in distinct temporal and spatial variation in the toxicity of barracuda as well as other fishes"--p. 1-2.
Download or read book Scientific Monograph Series written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fishery Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico Volume 2 written by John D. McEachran and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 1026 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the fish fauna of the Gulf of Mexico. Keys and descriptions are provided for the families and for the species.
Download or read book Fish and Fisheries in Tropical Estuaries written by S.J. Blaber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-06-30 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical estuaries are among the most modified and threatened of aquatic environments, supporting innumerable fisheries essential to the regions in which they occur. This book synthesizes the wealth of data available in this area, much of it being brought together by Stephen Blaber for the first time. It will provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the fishes, the environments in which they live, and the management of biologically healthy estuaries and sustainable fisheries.
Download or read book N O A A Technical Report NMFS SSRF written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estuarine Research written by L Cronin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1975-01-01 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemistry, Biology, and the Estuarine System is the first volume of a series launched by Estuarine Research Foundation to present information and concepts regarding the estuaries in the world. The contents of this volume are papers presented in a conference held in South Carolina in October 1973. The book is divided into three major subject areas, namely, Chemistry, Biology, and Estuarine System. The first part focuses on the cycling of elements and estuaries. The second part deals with the dynamics of the food webs in various estuaries. The last section discusses the estuarine system, specifically estuarine modeling. In this part, several estuarine models in different locations are explored. Model analysis as well as utility of systems models is covered in this section. This volume serves as a valuable source of information to interested parties in the field of ecology, biology, chemistry, environmental science, etc.
Download or read book Tropical Estuarine Fishes written by Stephen J. M. Blaber and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on the large array of tropical estuarine fishes has increased markedly in recent years and hence scientific knowledge about most aspects of these important fishes' biology and ecology is now catching up with that of their temperate equivalents. This landmark book draws together a vast wealth of information on tropical estuarine fishes and provides a vital reference point for all aspects of their study. The book's comprehensive contents include thorough coverage of the types and distribution of these fishes, their diversity and the environmental conditions and communities in which they live. Full details of their biology and ecology are an integral part of this book, as are details of these fishes' dependence on estuaries, man's interaction with the estuarine fish community and the conservation of estuarine species and the often threatened habitats upon which they depend. The author, Stephen Blaber, has a vast wealth of experience in the subject areas covered by this book and has produced a stimulating and extremely valuable volume that will be of huge importance for all those concerned with these fishes. He is based at CSIRO Marine Research, Cleveland, Queensland, Australia. Readership should include: fish biologists; fisheries scientists; aquatic scientists including those concerned with brackish, marine and freshwater environments; ecologists; environmental scientists and population biologists. Students studying for qualifications in fish biology and fisheries, particularly where there is a tropical element to their course will find this book of great value as a reference. Copies of the book should be available on the shelves of all libraries in research establishments and universities where biological sciences, fish biology, fisheries science or aquatic sciences are studied and taught.
Download or read book An Annotated List of Larval and Juvenile Fishes Captured with Surface towed Meter Net in the South Atlantic Bight During Four RV DOLPHIN Cruises Between May 1967 and February 1968 written by Michael P. Fahay and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gulf of Mexico Origin Waters and Biota written by Darryl L. Felder and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-29 with total page 1449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This landmark scientific reference for scientists, researchers, and students of marine biology tackles the monumental task of taking a complete biodiversity inventory of the Gulf of Mexico with full biotic and biogeographic information. Presenting a comprehensive summary of knowledge of Gulf biota through 2004, the book includes seventy-seven chapters, which list more than fifteen thousand species in thirty-eight phyla or divisions and were written by 138 authors from seventy-one institutions in fourteen countries. This first volume of Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, a multivolumed set edited by John W. Tunnell Jr., Darryl L. Felder, and Sylvia A. Earle, provides information on each species' habitat, biology, and geographic range, along with full references and a narrative introduction to the group, which opens each chapter.
Download or read book A Bibliography of the Eggs Larval and Juvenile Stages of Fishes written by Richard F. Shaw and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Special Scientific Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Food Habits and Trophic Relationships of a Community of Fishes on the Outer Continental Shelf written by George R. Sedberry and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sport Fishery Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Commercial Fisheries Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 1562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marine Ecosystem Modeling written by Kenneth W. Turgeon and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Fishes of the Mid Atlantic Bight Martin F D and Drewry G E Stomateidae through Ogcocephalidae written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
