Download or read book System for Active Long Range Detection and Identification of Special Nuclear Materials Using a High Intensity Particle Beam written by Istvan Dioszegi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long-range method and a system for reliably detecting and identifying special nuclear materials is provided that relies on the emission of delayed neutrons present in the decay of fission products (delayed neutron precursors) as a unique signature for the special nuclear materials, such as highly enriched uranium (235/238U). The method relies on a time-of-flight measurement in the first 1?s after the inducing radiation pulse, and pulse height data analysis for both neutrons and gamma rays that can be done at a much higher data rate than in traditional pulse processing systems. The thermal neutron fission within the time regime of 100-500?s provides a unique signature of special nuclear materials such as the highly enriched uranium.

Download or read book Passive Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials written by Doug Reilly and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advanced Time of flight Diamond Detection Systems written by Ahmed Ali Alghamdi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The radiation detection field has been rapidly growing in the recent three decades due to the Special Nuclear Materials (SNM) proliferation hazards. Monitoring and detecting SNM with high resolution has been a practical issue. Recently, Neutron Scatter Camera (NSC) addressed this issue by identifying the different SNM with high efficiency. However, the huge size of the detection system beside the poor resolution requires developing an alternative NSC. Two Diamond-based Neutron Scatter Camera (DNSC) systems were investigated. The two-diamond array demonstrated good energy resolution of reconstructing spectrum of multiple neutron sources. Moreover, the spectrum of 239PuBe source was reconstructed experimentally via the two-diamond array NSC. The measured spectrum agreed well with the peak of 3 and 10 MeV. On the other hand, the diamond array, in addition to its capability of spectroscopy, pinpointed several neutron sources. For instance, the simulated system could locate and identify a highly active 252Cf source ( 2.3*1010 n/s) placed 1 meter away within 6 hours.The Chi-Nu measurements started back in 2012 at Los Alamos National Lab to obtain more accurate data of fission neutrons. In this dissertation, a novel Double Time-of-Flight (DToF) detection system was utilized to investigate the capability of reconstructing the prompt fission neutrons spectra that were produced by the fast neutron irradiation of two fissile materials which coated a diamond detector. Unlike the Chi-Nu, DToF simulation measurements used only one type of detector (diamond detectors) for all neutron energy range. The simulation results represented good resolution but more accurate correction factors are needed for the low detection efficiency (≈3%) of the system. Protecting astronauts for future space missions from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) is an issue for NASA. Identifying the light ions that strike through the spaceship craft is the first goal to design a shielding material. To address this issue, a [delta]E/[delta]E detector was explored for the measurement of Minimum Ionizing Particles (MIPs) using the beam-line at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL). The measurements were analyzed by Geant4 simulation, which showed promising results in using a delta]E/[delta]E detector to define interacted isotopes.

Download or read book Special Nuclear Material and Radiological Sources Detection in Urban Settings written by Luis Ocampo Giraldo and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today's nuclear non-proliferation and security challenges require advanced tools to detect and identify threats such as radiological dispersion devices, radiological exposure devices and improvised nuclear devices. A more complex challenge arises when the threat needs to be detected in a densely populated urban setting with heavy traffic and limited access. Commercial equipment has been designed and made available to local, state, and special law enforcement agencies to aid in the detection and identification of nuclear material; however, due to the diversity of these systems and complexity of the task, an analysis of the capabilities and limitations of such systems is required. This thesis presents an analysis of the most popular mobile commercial equipment for detection, surveillance and identification of special nuclear material and radiological sources and focuses on the their application to crowded urban settings with limited access (e.g., New Year's Eve in Times Square in New York City). The systems that were analyzed include vehicular search systems, backpack detection systems and handheld systems (e.g., inorganic scintillators and semiconductor detectors). This analysis is completed through a comparison of the feasibility of deployment and a study of the applications of commercial systems in real-time environment conditions. These conditions include the intentional concealment of radioactive sources inside a building at an undisclosed location along a given route. Preliminary results include the significant limitation faced by vehicular systems due to the lack of complete access and entrance into specific sites and buildings of interest. This requires the support of a backpack system to overcome access limitations and help pinpoint the location and source of interest. Backpack systems are limited by the resolution, identification algorithms and radioisotope libraries which require a more capable detector. Handheld systems are able to provide a solution with their different types of detectors from the most versatile to the highest resolution possible. The results of the analysis performed consist of the successful detection and pinpointing of sources of interest by all the commercial detectors used in the real-time assessment. Overall the combination of the three stage systems presented acceptable data using the proper reference neutron and gamma radiation and evaluation distances throughout the real-time environment conditions. Furthermore, the results confirm the necessity for all the commercial mobile systems to work together and be deployed systematically in order to locate and identify the potential threat as efficiently as possible. High-purity germanium detectors offer the best resolution and detection confidence due to their complete spectroscopy system. However, inorganic scintillator detectors are still the primary tool for detection and deployment in the field due to their size and weight.

Download or read book Particle Detectors written by Hermann Kolanoski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 949 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the fundamentals of particle detectors as well as their applications. Detector development is an important part of nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics, and through its applications in radiation imaging, it paves the way for advancements in the biomedical and materials sciences. Knowledge in detector physics is one of the required skills of an experimental physicist in these fields. The breadth of knowledge required for detector development comprises many areas of physics and technology, starting from interactions of particles with matter, gas- and solid-state physics, over charge transport and signal development, to elements of microelectronics. The book's aim is to describe the fundamentals of detectors and their different variants and implementations as clearly as possible and as deeply as needed for a thorough understanding. While this comprehensive opus contains all the materials taught in experimental particle physics lectures or modules addressing detector physics at the Master's level, it also goes well beyond these basic requirements. This is an essential text for students who want to deepen their knowledge in this field. It is also a highly useful guide for lecturers and scientists looking for a starting point for detector development work.

Download or read book Particle Physics Reference Library written by Christian W. Fabjan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020 with total page 1083 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A, B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access

Download or read book Development of a Detection System for Identification of Special Nuclear Material by Measurement of Linear Attenuation written by Joseph Francis Daniel and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Detecting Special Nuclear Materials in Containers Using High energy Gamma Rays Emitted by Fission Products written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method and a system for detecting the presence of special nuclear materials in a container. The system and its method include irradiating the container with an energetic beam, so as to induce a fission in the special nuclear materials, detecting the gamma rays that are emitted from the fission products formed by the fission, to produce a detector signal, comparing the detector signal with a threshold value to form a comparison, and detecting the presence of the special nuclear materials using the comparison.

Download or read book Photonuclear Reaction Studies at HI gamma written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of gamma-ray beam interrogation technologies for remote detection of special nuclear materials and isotope analysis requires comprehensive databases of nuclear structure information and gamma-ray induced nuclear reaction observables. Relevant nuclear structure details include the energy, spin and parity of excited states that have significant probability for electromagnetic transition from the ground state, i.e, the angular momentum transferred in the reaction is [Delta]l ≤ 2. This talk will report recent Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF) measurements to identify and characterize new low-spin states in actinide nuclei at energies from 1 to 4 MeV, which is the energy range most important for remote analysis methods. Here, these measurements are carried out using the nearly mono-energetic linearly polarized gamma-ray beam at the High Intensity Gamma-ray Source (HI[gamma]S) at the Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory. Also, studies of the ([gamma], n) reaction on a variety of nuclei with linearly polarized beams at HI[gamma]S indicate that this reaction might be used to discern between fissile and non-fissile materials. This work will be described. In addition, an overview will be given of a concept for a next generation laser Compton-backing scattering gamma-ray source to be implemented as an upgrade to increase the beam intensity at HI[gamma]S by more than an order of magnitude.

Download or read book Feasibility Analysis of a Compton Spectrometer System for Identification of Special Nuclear Material written by Chad C. Schools and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Portable System for Nuclear Chemical Agent and Explosives Identification written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The FRIS/PINS hybrid integrates the LLNL-developed Field Radionuclide Identification System (FRIS) with the INEEL-developed Portable Isotopic Neutron Spectroscopy (PINS) chemical assay system to yield a combined general radioisotope, special nuclear material, and chemical weapons/explosives detection and identification system. The PINS system uses a neutron source and a high-purity germanium [gamma]-ray detector. The FRIS system uses an electrochemically cooled germanium detector and its own analysis software to detect and identify special nuclear material and other radioisotopes. The FRIS/PINS combined system also uses the electromechanically-cooled germanium detector. There is no other currently available integrated technology that can combine an active neutron interrogation and analysis capability for CWE with a passive radioisotope measurement and identification capability for special nuclear material.

Download or read book Safeguards Techniques and Equipment written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1990s saw significant developments in the global non-proliferation landscape, resulting in a new period of safeguards development. The current publication, which is the second revision and update of IAEA/NVS/1, is intended to give a full and balanced description of the safeguards techniques and equipment used for nuclear material accountancy, containment and surveillance measures, environmental sampling, and data security. New features include a section on new and novel technologies. As new verification measures continue to be developed, the material in this book will be reviewed periodically and updated versions issued.

Download or read book Active Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials written by Tsahi Gozani and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fifty Year Commemorative History of Long Range Detection written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document publicly commemorates the art and science of 50 years of US Long Range Detection (LRD). LRD is the technical ability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions occurring at remote distances on (or under) the surface of the earth, under its oceans, in its atmosphere, or deep in outer space.

Download or read book Advanced Detectors for Nuclear High Energy and Astroparticle Physics written by Saikat Biswas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-23 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents high-quality papers presented at a national conference on ‘Advanced Detectors for Nuclear, High Energy and Astroparticle Physics’. The conference was organized to commemorate 100 years of Bose Institute. The book is based on the theme of the conference and provides a clear picture of basics and advancement of detectors for nuclear physics, high-energy physics and astroparticle physics together. The topics covered in the book include detectors for accelerator-based high energy physics; detectors for non-accelerator particle physics; nuclear physics detectors; detection techniques in astroparticle physics and dark matter; and applications and simulations. The book will be a good reference for researchers and industrial personnel working in the area of nuclear and astroparticle physics.

Download or read book Explosives Detection using Magnetic and Nuclear Resonance Techniques written by Jacques Fraissard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-06 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) a highly promising new technique for bulk explosives detection: relatively inexpensive, more compact than NMR, but with considerable selectivity. Since the NQR frequency is insensitive to long-range variations in composition, mixing explosives with other materials, such as the plasticizers in plastic explosives, makes no difference. The NQR signal strength varies linearly with the amount of explosive, and is independent of its distribution within the volume monitored. NQR spots explosive types in configurations missed by the X-ray imaging method. But if NQR is so good, why it is not used everywhere? Its main limitation is the low signal-to-noise ratio, particularly with the radio-frequency interference that exists in a field environment, NQR polarization being much weaker than that from an external magnetic field. The distinctive signatures are there, but are difficult to extract from the noise. In addition, the high selectivity is partly a disadvantage, as it is hard to build a multichannel system necessary to cover a wide range of target substances. Moreover, substances fully screened by metallic enclosures, etc. are difficult to detect. A workshop was held at St Petersburg in July 2008 in an attempt to solve these problems and make NQR the universal technique for the detection of bombs regardless of type. This book presents the essentials of the papers given there.