Download or read book Syria and the United Nations Oil for Food Program written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The United Nations Oil for Food Program written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The United Nations Oil for Food Program written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book How Saddam Hussein Abused the United Nations Oil for Food Program written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The United Nations Oil for food Program written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Syria s Conflict Economy written by Jeanne Gobat and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-09-07 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five years into the ongoing and tragic conflict, the paper analyzes how Syria’s economy and its people have been affected and outlines the challenges in rebuilding the economy. With extreme limitations on information, the findings of the paper are subject to an extraordinary degree of uncertainty. The key messages are: (1) that the devastating civil war has set the country back decades in terms of economic, social and human development. Syria’s GDP today is less than half of what it was before the war started and it could take two decades or more for Syria to return to its pre-conflict GDP levels; and that (2) while reconstructing damaged physical infrastructure will be a monumental task, rebuilding Syria’s human and social capital will be an even greater and lasting challenge.

Download or read book Good Intentions Corrupted written by Paul A Volcker and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2009-04-27 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite its good intentions, mismanagement and corruption plagued the UN's Oil-for-Food Program: More than 2,200 companies paid 1.8 billion in illegal surcharges and kickbacks to the Iraqi regime The UN Security Council stood by as the Iraqi regime outright smuggled about 8.4 billion of oil during the Program years in violation of UN sanctions The Iraqi regime steered oil contracts for political advantage by giving rights to buy oil to dozens of global political figures sympathetic to Iraq's goal to loosen or overturn the UN sanctions The Iraqi regime provided Benon Sevan, the UN's chief administrator of the Program, with rights to buy more than 7 million barrels of oil UN-related humanitarian agencies collected tens of millions of dollars for costs they never incurred, and some built factories in Iraq that weren't needed or that never worked at all. Even UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan was tainted by it But the whole story has never been told in one place.

Download or read book Armed Conflict in Syria written by Congressional Research Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Syrian civil war, now in its seventh year, continues to present new challenges for U.S. policymakers. Following a deadly chemical weapons attack in Syria on April 4, 2017, and subsequent U.S. strikes against Syrian military infrastructure and pro-regime forces, Members of Congress have called on the President to consult with Congress about Syria strategy. Other Members have questioned the President's authority to launch strikes against Syria in the absence of specific prior authorization from Congress. In the past, some in Congress have expressed concern about the international and domestic authorizations for such strikes, their potential unintended consequences, and the possibility of undesirable or unavoidable escalation. Since taking office in January 2017, President Trump has stated his intention to "destroy" the Syria- and Iraq-based insurgent terrorist group known as the Islamic State (IS, also known as ISIL, ISIS, or the Arabic acronym Da'esh), and the President has ordered actions to "accelerate" U.S. military efforts against the group in both countries. In late March, senior U.S. officials signaled that the United States would prioritize the fight against the Islamic State and said that Syrian President Bashar al Asad's future would be determined by the Syrian people. Nevertheless, following the April 4 attack, President Trump and senior members of his Administration have spoken more critically of Asad's leadership, and it remains to be seen whether the United States will more directly seek to compel Asad's departure from power while pursuing the ongoing campaign against the Islamic State. Since late 2015, Asad and his government have leveraged military, financial, and diplomatic support from Russia and Iran to improve and consolidate their position relative to the range of antigovernment insurgents arrayed against them. These insurgents include members of the Islamic State, Islamist and secular fighters, and Al Qaeda-linked networks. While Islamic State forces have lost territory to the Syrian government, to Turkey-backed Syrian opposition groups, and to U.S.-backed Syrian Kurdish and Arab fighters since early 2016, they remain capable and dangerous. The IS "capital" at Raqqah has been isolated, but large areas of central and eastern Syria remain under the group's control. The presence and activities of Russian military forces and Iranian personnel in Syria create complications for U.S. officials and military planners, and raise the prospect of inadvertent confrontation with possible regional or global implications. Since March 2011, the conflict has driven more than 5 million Syrians into neighboring countries as refugees (out of a total prewar population of more than 22 million). More than 6.3 million other Syrians are internally displaced and are among more than 13.5 million Syrians in need of humanitarian assistance. The United States is the largest donor of humanitarian assistance to the Syria crisis (which includes assistance to neighboring countries hosting refugees), and since FY2012 has allocated more than $6.5 billion to meet humanitarian needs. In addition, the United States has allocated more than $500 million to date for bilateral assistance programs in Syria, including the provision of nonlethal equipment to select opposition groups. President Trump has requested $191.5 million in FY2018 funding for such assistance and $500 million in FY2018 defense funds to train and equip anti-IS forces in Syria. U.S. officials and Members of Congress continue to debate how best to pursue U.S. regional security and counterterrorism goals in Syria without inadvertently strengthening U.S. adversaries or alienating U.S. partners. The Trump Administration and Members of the 115th Congress-like their predecessors-face challenges inherent to the simultaneous pursuit of U.S. nonproliferation, counterterrorism, civilian protection, and stabilization goals in a complex, evolving conflict.

Download or read book The United Nations Management and Oversight of the Oil for Food Program written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Review of the United Nations Oil for Food Program written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Comprehensive Report of the Special Advisor to the DCI on Iraq s WMD with Addendums written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Corruption in the United Nations Oil for Food Program written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Mobility of Displaced Syrians written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-01-27 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The war in Syria, now in its eighth year, continues to take its toll on the Syrian people. More than half of the population of Syria remains displaced; 5.6 million persons are registered as refugees outside of the country and another 6.2 million are displaced within Syria's borders. The internally displaced persons include 2 million school-age children; of these, less than half attend school. Another 739,000 Syrian children are out of school in the five neighborhood countries that host Syria's refugees. The loss of human capital is staggering, and it will create permanent hardships for generations of Syrians going forward. Despite the tragic prospects for renewed fighting in certain parts of the country, an overall reduction in armed conflict is possible going forward. However, international experience shows that the absence of fighting is rarely a singular trigger for the return of displaced people. Numerous other factors—including improved security and socioeconomic conditions in origin states, access to property and assets, the availability of key services, and restitution in home areas—play important roles in shaping the scale and composition of the returns. Overall, refugees have their own calculus of return that considers all of these factors and assesses available options. The Mobility of Displaced Syrians: An Economic and Social Analysis sheds light on the 'mobility calculus' of Syrian refugees. While dismissing any policies that imply wrongful practices involving forced repatriation, the study analyzes factors that may be considered by refugees in their own decisions to relocate. It provides a conceptual framework, supported by data and analysis, to facilitate an impartial conversation about refugees and their mobility choices. It also explores the diversified policy toolkit that the international community has available—and the most effective ways in which the toolkit can be adapted—to maximize the well-being of refugees, host countries, and the people in Syria.

Download or read book Syria written by Munzer Eid Alzamalkani and published by Grosvenor House Publishing. This book was released on 2024-02-08 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide missing details of the Syrian revolution in 2011, and to clear up the prevailing misconception about the war in Syria. I offer in this book a different approach to observing the Syrian revolution by dividing it into phases, and using more precise terms. Thus I have divided the Syrian revolution into three phases:1) Revolution from below, where popular and peaceful uprising was the mainstream character of the Syrian revolution; 2) Internal war, where mutual violence was spread formally and nationally after the formation of the Free Syrian Army (FSA); 3) Holy war (Jihad), where most revolutionaries have turned into national Jihadists accompanied with the arrival of global Jihadists to Syria to fight the Assad regime, and to establish the Islamic State (Caliphate). Furthermore, the rising and elapse of ISIS is investigated comprehensively in this book. I use the term internal war rather than civil war in order to be more specific in analyzing the war in Syria. Also, the international relations of the Syrian revolution occupies considerable part of this book. The behavior of states and sub-state actors regionally and internationally, and the stance of the international organizations towards the Syrian revolution are critically examined. In addition, the massacres and war crimes which have been committed by Bashar Assad, Iran, and their militias against the people in Syria are well documented in this book.

Download or read book Syria Lebanon and Jordan written by Laura Etheredge Assistant Editor, Middle East Geography and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2011-01-15 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents histories of Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan and the geographic, economic, and social factors that have come to define them.

Download or read book Saddam s Ties to Al Queda written by Sam Pender and published by Virtualbookworm Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Saddam Hussein and Usama Bin Laden... Saddam and the 9/11 attacks, There's no shortage of ties between the two. There was a relationship, but there's no concrete evidence of a collaborative relationship to 911. of confusion about Saddam and Bin Laden, and how close there were or were not. The smoke left by shadowy terrorists, Iraqi Intelligence Services agents, Western spies, and anonymous international media sources makes the haze even more impenetrable. Adding to this blindness is the curtain of political partisanship that was cast over the issue by both sides in the 2004 Presidential campaign. So what is the truth? reports, bi-partisan investigations, hundreds of media and literary sources, newly discovered documents found in post-war Iraq, interrogation reports of Saddam and captured senior Al Queda leaders. Coupled with the 20-20 hindsight vision of history and reports secured through the Freedom of Information Act, this book shows very clearly what is known, what the public is allowed to know, and not only allows readers to make their own assessments, but encourages just that.

Download or read book Trade Liberalization and Poverty in the Middle East and North Africa written by Nicholas Minot and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2009 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural trade liberalization has been resisted by many developing-country policymakers, including those in the Middle East and North Africa, for fear it could hurt domestic farmers and exacerbate poverty. The authors of Trade Liberalization and Poverty in the Middle East and North Africa argue, however, that this concern about liberalization might be misplaced. Drawing on case studies from Egypt, Morocco, Syria, and Tunisia, the study uses household survey data and computable general equilibrium models to simulate the effects of various liberalization scenarios on different types of households in these countries, especially poor households. The results indicate that agricultural trade barriers are not an effective means of protecting the poor and that the benefits from many forms of agricultural trade liberalization to the region's consumers outweigh the costs to producers. If complemented with other domestic programs-including agricultural research and extension, information services, disease control, and social safety nets-the reforms have the potential to reduce poverty in these nations. The study findings are a valuable resource for policymakers and development specialists evaluating the role trade liberalization can play in economic development and poverty reduction.