Download or read book Synthetic Musk Fragrances in the Environment written by Gerhard G. Rimkus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-03-29 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, synthetic musk fragrances, which after use enter the environment by different pathways, have been described as a new group of bioaccumulative and persistent xenobiotics. This book gives the first comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the environmental pollution caused by several different synthetic musks. Written by a wide range of international experts in the field, the book summarizes and critically discusses the musk levels in the different compartments of the aquatic environment, in indoor/ambient air, house dust, and in addition, in human samples. The aspects of biotransformation and metabolism of several synthetic musks in the environment and in animals/humans are particularly emphasized. Finally, a provisional toxicological assessment and risk evaluation is given. Many, as yet unpublished, data complete this survey. The volume also points out the gaps, the still missing toxicological and environmental data, and in general, the need for further research work in this field.

Download or read book Synthetic Musk Fragrances in the Environment written by Gerhard G. Rimkus and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-03-29 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, synthetic musk fragrances, which after use enter the environment by different pathways, have been described as a new group of bioaccumulative and persistent xenobiotics. This book gives the first comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the environmental pollution caused by several different synthetic musks. Written by a wide range of international experts in the field, the book summarizes and critically discusses the musk levels in the different compartments of the aquatic environment, in indoor/ambient air, house dust, and in addition, in human samples. The aspects of biotransformation and metabolism of several synthetic musks in the environment and in animals/humans are particularly emphasized. Finally, a provisional toxicological assessment and risk evaluation is given. Many, as yet unpublished, data complete this survey. The volume also points out the gaps, the still missing toxicological and environmental data, and in general, the need for further research work in this field.

Download or read book Fragrances in the Environment written by Nuno Ratola and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Distribution and Behavior of Synthetic Musk Compounds in San Francisco Bay written by Sarah Amy Rubinfeld and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2010 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthetic musk fragrances are used in a wide variety of consumer products and can enter aquatic environments through wastewater effluent. Limited data are available on the distribution and behavior of these chemicals, especially in solid matrices and with respect to use patterns and distribution in the United States. Improving our understanding of the environmental fate of musk compounds has implications for risk assessment of both musks and other emerging contaminants. Although nitromusks are known to be hydrophobic, little attention has been paid to their behavior in sediments. A sediment extraction method using sonication was developed and used to analyze samples from San Francisco Bay. Two nitromusk compounds were measured at low levels, with the highest concentrations found in the southernmost region of the Bay. Samples were also analyzed from a nearby tidal channel fed by a wastewater treatment plant outfall, where nitromusks were found at slightly higher concentrations. A nitromusk metabolite was present at concentrations above its parent compound, suggesting that these metabolites may play an important role in the fate of nitromusk compounds. Concentrations of all three compounds were highest at the earliest of four sampling dates, and a geographic survey of sediments along the tidal channel showed that concentrations decreased rapidly with distance from the outfall and were close to background before the channel reached the Bay. To determine if the same pattern existed in other effluent-fed channels, a second study was performed adjacent to another local wastewater outfall. At this site both nitro and polycyclic musks were analyzed, and concentrations in water and suspended solids were measured in addition to sediment. Nitromusk concentrations were lower than at the first field site, and the distribution pattern was noticeably different. In the sediment, concentrations were lowest adjacent to the outfall and increased with distance both up and downstream. Polycyclic musks were present at much higher concentrations and showed a similar distribution pattern in sediment. Concentrations in suspended solids were highest near the outfall and decreased with distance. Aqueous concentrations generally decreased with distance from the source; however, the pattern was much more complex than the one seen at the first field site. A mass-balance computer model was developed to predict the environmental fate of hydrophobic chemicals in rivers and tidal channels. The model was applied to galaxolide at the second field site in hopes of explaining the chemical distribution pattern seen in the field measurements. The results captured the magnitude and some of the observed concentration patterns, but the model was less successful at matching the detailed distribution. An examination of the contaminant mass flows and dimensionless mass transfer parameters suggests that tidal dispersion, settling, and resuspension are the dominant mass transport mechanisms. An unsteady version of a tidal dispersion model was also developed and applied to a tracer in the same system. The results suggest that sampling at neap tide may be preferable to sampling at spring tide since there is less variation in concentration, and that channel branches play an important role and should be considered in future work. Using the model and dimensionless parameters to evaluate important mass transport mechanisms provides valuable information on which processes and parameters have the largest impact on contaminant fate. These insights can be used to adapt and improve the model and to suggest experimental designs to maximize the benefits of future sampling studies.

Download or read book Analysis of Cosmetic Products written by Amparo Salvador and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of Cosmetic Products, Second Edition advises the reader from an analytical chemistry perspective on the choice of suitable analytical methods for production monitoring and quality control of cosmetic products. This book helps professionals working in the cosmetic industry or in research laboratories select appropriate analytical procedures for production, maintain in-market quality control of cosmetic products and plan for the appropriate types of biomedical and environmental testing. This updated and expanded second edition covers fundamental concepts relating to cosmetic products, current global legislation, the latest analytical methods for monitoring and quality control, characterization of nanomaterials and other new active ingredients, and an introduction to green cosmetic chemistry. - Provides comprehensive coverage of the specific analytical procedures for different analytes and cosmetic samples - Includes information on the biomonitoring of cosmetic ingredients in the human body and the environment - Describes the most recent developments in global legislation governing the cosmetics industry - Introduces green technologies and the use of nanomaterials in the development and analysis of cosmetic ingredients

Download or read book Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment written by M. Silvia Díaz‐Cruz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-10 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers an overview of the occurrence and distribution of personal care products in continental and marine waters, presents analytical methods and degradation technologies and discusses their impact on human health. Experts from different disciplines highlight major issues for each family of compounds related to their occurrence in the water column as well as in solid and biota samples, methodological strategies for their analysis, non-conventional degradation technologies, (eco)toxicity data and their human and environmental risk assessment. The book also includes a general introduction to personal care products, covering their properties, use, behaviour and regulatory framework, and a final chapter identifying knowledge gaps and future research trends. It will appeal to experts from various fields of research, including analytical and environmental chemistry, toxicology and environmental engineering.

Download or read book Environmental Health and Biomedicine written by C. A. Brebbia and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following on the success of the first conference, the Wessex Institute of Technology is convening the Second International Conference on Physical Coastal Processes, Management and Engineering. This book contains papers to be presented at that Conference. Coastal zone dynamics involve distinctive features that stem from both near shore hydrodynamics, and the complex local behaviour of the atmosphere that is affected by the irregularity of the coastal topography and variations in land sea surface roughness and thermal properties. Complex interactions occur between the atmosphere, ocean and land, leading to large temporal and spatial differences in air-sea exchange processes and wind strength and direction. Recreational and tourism demand on coastal areas activities makes increased shore and beach protection necessary. Coastlines are often subjected to direct impact of wind, swell and storm wave activity. Many other physical phenomena, such as tides and associated currents, long waves and storm surges, also affect the dynamic behaviour of the coastal zone. With the increase in extreme events due to climate change, the role of extreme events in changing coastal zones needs to be considered. The International Conference will consider also of these and will cover such topics as: Wave modelling; Wave transformation hydrodynamics; Extreme events and sea level rise; Sea defences; Interaction between coastal defences and processes; Energy recovery; Hydrodynamic forces; Sediment transport and erosion; Pollution and dispersion; Planning and beach design; Coastal geomorphology; Coastal processes and navigation; Coastal processes and GIS; Bio-physical coastal processes; and Great Lakes problems. The book will be of interest to engineers and government officials involved with coastal zone management and development

Download or read book Advances in Ecology Environment and Conservation Research and Application 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Ecology Environment and Conservation Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Ecology Environment and Conservation. The editors have built Advances in Ecology Environment and Conservation Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Ecology Environment and Conservation in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Ecology Environment and Conservation Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Issues in Environment Health and Pollution 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 2604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Environment, Health, and Pollution: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Environment, Health, and Pollution. The editors have built Issues in Environment, Health, and Pollution: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Environment, Health, and Pollution in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Environment, Health, and Pollution: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern written by Nuria Fontanals and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-05-02 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern Provides the analytical methodology required to detect different families of organic compounds of emerging concern (CECs) from environmental samples Most contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) —such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, sunscreens, perfluorinated compounds, and microplastics—have been present in the environment for years, yet some have only recently been identified, and many of these organic compounds remain unregulated. Analytical methods have been developed to determine the toxicity and risk of different families of CECs. Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern presents the methods currently available to determine families of organic CECs in environmental samples. Each section of the book is devoted to a particular family of CECs, covering different analytical methods supported by examples of both cutting-edge research and commonly used methods. An international panel of experts describes every step of the analytical procedures, including sample preparation, chromatographic separation coupled to mass spectrometry or other instrumental techniques. Specific requirements are linked to the properties of the contaminants and the sample matrix for each procedure presented. Throughout the book, in-depth case studies of analytical procedures for CEC extraction, separation, and determination are presented to help readers transfer the analytical methods to their laboratories. Provides detailed descriptions of various approaches for determining each group of CECs in environmental samples Covers different types of aqueous, solid, and atmospheric samples Includes up-to-date information on CEC properties, relevant legislation, reported or potential metabolites/transformation products, and environmental occurrence Addresses CECs such as novel psychoactive substances, artificial sweeteners, musk fragrances, disinfection byproducts, and microplastics Offers practical tips and advice on special care procedures to assist readers in CEC determination Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern is an essential reference and guide for advanced students and researchers in analytical chemistry and science, environmental science, forensic science, and specialized subjects related to analytical chemistry.

Download or read book Autism and Environmental Factors written by Omar Bagasra and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-12 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores environmental factors during fetal development that may contribute to autism It is well documented that in the majority of the cases, an autistic child's brain has acquired the genetic and organismal abnormalities that were initiated during the first trimester of their gestational period. Yet, scientists still don’t know what is causing these abnormalities; this book explains how the human brain develops and what the critical stages are in which a fetal brain may acquire genetic and developmental abnormalities. It presents scientific data supporting previous anecdotal observations to attempt to understand the complex puzzle that is autism. From chemical fragrances to herbicides, synthetic chemicals are abundant in everyday life and this book examines the evidence surrounding these chemicals and their effects, including on the developing human brain and how that might explain certain characteristics observed in autism. Discussing various aspects of potential ASD causing factors, Autism and Environmental Factors brings together as many pieces of the autism puzzle as possible in one place to begin to clarify the picture and spark discussion to ensure a safe environment for everyone, especially our developing children. Discusses the genetic and environmental factors that may contribute to autism Covers how the human brain develops and the critical stages in which a fetal brain may acquire genetic and developmental abnormalities Describes the rapid proliferation of synthetic chemicals in our modern world and the effects on the developing human brain—endocrine-disturbing chemicals that alter DNA, epigenetics, and hormones Written in a clear and accessible style Autism and Environmental Factors is an important book for researchers and students in neuroscience, neuroanatomy, developmental neurobiology and anyone focusing on autism research.

Download or read book Urbanization under a Changing Climate written by Jianxun He and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-06-18 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the increasing urbanization, advances in the science of urban hydrology have improved urban water system management, creating more livable cities in which public safety and health, as well as the environment, are protected. The ultimate goal of urban water management is to mimic the hydrological cycle prior to urbanization. On top of urbanization, climate change, which has been demonstrated to alter the hydrological cycle in all respects, has introduced additional challenges to managing urban water systems. To mitigate and adapt to urbanization under a changing climate, understanding key hydrologic components should expand to include complex issues brought forth by climate change. Thus, effective and efficient measures can be formulated. This Special Issue of Water presents a variety of research papers that span a range of spatial and temporal scales of relevance in different societies’ efforts in adapting to the eminent changes in climate and the continuous changes in the landscape. From mitigating water quality in permeable pavements and bioretention swales to understanding changes in groundwater recharge in large regions, this Special Issue examines the state-of-the-art in sustainable urban design for adaptation and resiliency.

Download or read book The Case Against Fragrance written by Kate Grenville and published by Text Publishing. This book was released on 2017-01-30 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Read The Case Against Fragrance and you will never think about fragrance in the same way again. If you have been suffering fragrance in silence, you will know you are not alone.’ Conversation Kate Grenville had always associated perfume with elegance and beauty. Then the headaches started. Like perhaps a quarter of the population, Grenville reacts badly to the artificial fragrances around us: other people’s perfumes, and all those scented cosmetics, cleaning products and air fresheners. On a book tour in 2015, dogged by ill health, she started wondering: what’s in fragrance? Who tests it for safety? What does it do to people? The more Grenville investigated, the more she felt this was a story that should be told. The chemicals in fragrance can be linked not only to short-term problems like headaches and asthma, but to long-term ones like hormone disruption and cancer. Yet products can be released onto the market without testing. They’re regulated only by the same people who make and sell them. And the ingredients don’t even have to be named on the label. This book is based on careful research into the science of scent and the power of the fragrance industry. But, as you’d expect from an acclaimed novelist, it’s also accessible and personal. The Case Against Fragrance will make you see—and smell—the world differently. When I was little, my mother had a tiny, precious bottle of perfume on her dressing-table and on special occasions she’d put a dab behind her ears. The smell of Arpege was always linked in my mind with excitement and pleasure–Mum with her hair done, wearing her best dress and her pearls, off for a night out with Dad. When I got old enough to have my own special occasions I also had my favourite perfume. I loved the bottles: those sensuous shapes. I loved the names and the labels, so evocative of all things glamorous. Kate Grenville is one of Australia’s most celebrated writers. Her bestselling novel The Secret River received the Commonwealth Writers’ Prize, and was shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize and the Miles Franklin Literary Award. The Idea of Perfection won the Orange Prize. Grenville’s other novels include Sarah Thornhill, The Lieutenant, Lilian’s Story, Dark Places and Joan Makes History. Kate lives in Sydney and her most recent works are the non-fiction books One Life: My Mother’s Story and The Case Against Fragrance. ‘One spritz of aftershave or perfume can leave other people retching and clutching their heads—you never see that in the ads.’ Kaz Cooke ‘Beginning with her own physical reaction to fragrance that begins with a headache a lot of us know ourselves, she investigates the fragrance industry and its side-effects and interweaves these facts with the personal to create an accessible work of non-fiction.’ ArtsHub ‘Fact-dense and extensively referenced, the book is a delight to read and never gets bogged down...While some of the science has been simplified, the book generally conveys the sense of it correctly...Well developed and thoughtful. Read The Case Against Fragrance and you will never think about fragrance in the same way again. If you have been suffering fragrance in silence, you will know you are not alone.’ Conversation ‘Grenville sets out to unlock the dark science—the volatile compounds, conspiracies and carcinogens—hiding in perfume, the ingredients of which are regularly listed as alcohol, water and the mysterious catch-all “fragrance”.’ New Statesman ‘In this appealingly written exploration, Kate uncovers the dark side of the fragrance industry, from the carcinogens in after-shave to the hormone disruptors in perfume that mimic oestrogen.’ Child ‘An insightful and frightening book.’ Readings ‘Readable, interesting and informative.’ Big Book Club ‘Grenville expresses hope though that our society will find solutions to the fragrant violation of personal space based on courtesy and civility rather than on regulation and policy.’ Australian Book Review ‘You may be familiar with Australian novelist Kate Grenville’s work but she enters new territory here. After exposure to perfumes and scents delivered ill-health her way, Grenville got curious as to why...The result is a fascinating (and worrying) exposé of the potentially damaging health effects of fragrances and the laxity of their regulation. Grenville digs into the science of scent as well as the intrigue of a multi-billion-dollar industry and makes it beautifully accessible in the process.’ WellBeing ‘The Orange Prize-winning novelist’s discovery that she reacts badly to the artificial fragrances all around us led her to investigate what is in fragrances, what it does to people and whether it is properly tested for safety...The result is this accessible and personal book on the science of fragrance’ Bookseller ‘[Grenville] raises valuable questions about the potentially harmful chemicals surrounding us every day and why we so unabashedly live in ignorance of them.’ Reader’s Digest UK, Best New Books to Read This Summer ‘In some places, though, the danger [of fragrance] is beginning to be taken as seriously as passive smoking 30 years ago...it sounds silly, until you read Kate Grenville’s explosive exposé and wonder why no one ever told you this stuff before.’ Mail on Sunday ‘An accessible, intelligent, seriously researched—and terrifying—book’ Daily Mail UK

Download or read book Global Contamination Trends of Persistent Organic Chemicals written by Bommanna G. Loganathan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-08-09 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental pollution by man-made persistent organic chemicals (POCs) has been a serious global issue for over half a century. POCs are prevalent in air, water, soil, and organisms including wildlife and humans throughout the world. They do not degrade and cause long-term effect in organisms. Exposure to certain POCs may result in serious environ

Download or read book Musk Compounds in the Nordic Environment written by Betty Bügel Mogensen and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resumé.

Download or read book Personal Care Compounds in the Environment written by Kai Bester and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-04-09 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here, the most important classes of toxic chemicals from personal care compounds are systematically covered, from cosmetics to plastics additives to pharmaceuticals. For each substance, data on toxicity and bioaccumulation in various ecosystems are given. This first comprehensive treatment of personal care environmental toxins is rounded off by a discussion of strategies in wastewater treatment to control and remove these substances.

Download or read book Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation written by Josep M. Bayona and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 2998 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation is a complete treatment of the theory and methodology of sampling in all physical phases and the theory of sample preparation for all major extraction techniques. It is the perfect starting point for researchers and students to design and implement their experiments and support those experiments with quality-reviewed background information. In its four volumes, fundamentals of sampling and sample preparation are reinforced through broad and detailed sections dealing with Biological and Medical, Environmental and Forensic, and Food and Beverage applications. The contributions are organized to reflect the way in which analytical chemists approach a problem. It is intended for a broad audience of analytical chemists, both educators and practitioners of the art and can assist in the preparation of courses as well in the selection of sampling and sample preparation techniques to address the challenges at hand. Above all, it is designed to be helpful in learning more about these topics, as well as to encourage an interest in sampling and sample preparation by outlining the present practice of the technology and by indicating research opportunities. Sampling and Sample preparation is a large and well-defined field in Analytical Chemistry, relevant for many application areas such as medicine, environmental science, biochemistry, pharmacology, geology, and food science. This work covers all these aspects and will be extremely useful to researchers and students, who can use it as a starting point to design and implement their experiments and for quality-reviewed background information There are limited resources that Educators can use to effectively teach the fundamental aspects of modern sample preparation technology. Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation addresses this need, but focuses on the common principles of new developments in extraction technologies rather than the differences between techniques thus facilitating a more thorough understanding Provides a complete overview of the field. Not only will help to save time, it will also help to make correct assessments and avoid costly mistakes in sampling in the process Sample and sample preparation are integral parts of the analytical process but are often less considered and sometimes even completely disregarded in the available literature. To fill this gap, leading scientists have contributed 130 chapters, organized in 4 volumes, covering all modern aspects of sampling and liquid, solid phase and membrane extractions, as well as the challenges associated with different types of matrices in relevant application areas