Download or read book Synthetic and Biocatalytic Strategies for Natural Product Synthesis Via Ortho Quinone Methide Intermediates written by Trevor Nelson Purdy and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organisms across all domains of life have developed elegant strategies to produce specialized metabolites, also referred to as natural products, for defense, structure, and communication. Natural products provide novel inspiration for pharmaceutical development given their potent biological activities and structural diversity. Recent advancements in DNA sequencing technology and the development of predictive bioinformatics tools have unveiled a vast collection of biosynthetic machinery responsible for generating this structural diversity that may be harnessed by synthetic chemists. Many of the enzymes encoded by biosynthetic genes catalyze chemical reactions that are difficult to replicate with the same selectivity by traditional synthetic methods. An example of this discrepancy is illustrated by the current enzymatic and chemical methods known to generate a highly reactive ortho-quinone methide (o-QM) intermediate. The utility of o-QMs in total synthesis has been hampered by complications that surround the preparation of their precursors, the harsh generation methods, and poor chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective control. In contrast, multiple enzymes have been reported to catalyze o-QM formation under mild conditions with remarkable selectivity. Chapter 1 of this dissertation examines several different enzymatic strategies developed to generate o-QMs. Chapter 2 describes progress towards the biomimetic total synthesis of (-)-chlorizidine A that aims to synthetically replicate the final biosynthetic intramolecular cyclization via an o-QM intermediate. Chapter 3 reports the discovery of tetrachlorizine, a novel tetrachlorinated marine natural product, and the identification of its associated biosynthetic gene cluster. Biochemical characterization of a pivotal flavin-dependent oxidase revealed a dehydrogenation reaction that proceeds via an unprecedented o-QM mechanism. This oxidase was then repurposed to generate an isolable o-QM, an extremely rare chemical motif. Chapter 4 investigates the structure-function relationships of two homologous flavin-dependent oxidases with divergent reaction selectivities and highlights their favorable biocatalytic properties. This chapter also discloses the first reported bacterial enzymes capable of performing oxidative cyclization reactions to produce cannabinoids.
Download or read book Total Synthesis of Natural Products Inspired by Ortho Quinone Methide Chemistry written by Zhengao Feng and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ortho-Quinone Methides (o-QMs) are highly reactive chemical motifs harnessed by nature for a variety of purposes. Their applications in organic synthesis had been very limited until the low-temperature controllable generation of o-QMs developed by our group. To accelerate the synthetic renaissance for this venerable species, we expanded the application of the o-QM Diels-Alder (o-QMDA) reaction in the total synthesis of pterocarpan family and paecilospirone.
Download or read book Efficiency in Natural Product Total Synthesis written by Pei-Qiang Huang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-10-16 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uniting the key organic topics of total synthesis and efficient synthetic methodologies, this book clearly overviews synthetic strategies and tactics applied in total synthesis, demonstrating how the total synthesis of natural products enables scientific and drug discovery. • Focuses on efficiency, a fundamental and important issue in natural products synthesis that makes natural product synthesis a powerful tool in biological and pharmaceutical science • Describes new methods like organocatalysis, multicomponent and cascade reactions, and biomimetic synthesis • Appeals to graduate students with two sections at the end of each chapter illustrating key reactions, strategies, tactics, and concepts; and good but unfinished total synthesis (synthesis of core structure) before the last section • Compiles examples of solid phase synthesis and continuing flow chemistry-based total synthesis which are very relevant and attractive to industry R&D professionals
Download or read book Natural Product Biosynthesis written by Christopher T. Walsh and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-04-28 with total page 787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook describes the types of natural products, the biosynthetic pathways that enable the production of these molecules, and an update on the discovery of novel products in the post-genomic era.
Download or read book Flavin Dependent Enzymes Mechanisms Structures and Applications written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-21 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Enzymes, Volume 47, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on The Multipurpose Family of Oxidases, Vanillyl alcohol oxidase, Choline oxidases, Aryl alcohol oxidase, D- and L-amino acid oxidases, Sugar oxidases, Phenolic Compounds hydroxylases, Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases, Flavin-dependent halogenases, Flavin-dependent dehalogenases, Styrene Monooxygenases, Bacterial luciferases, Cellobiose Dehydrogenases, Prenylated flavoenzymes, Ene-reductases, Flavoenzymes in Biocatalysis. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in The Enzymes series
Download or read book Biotransformations written by K. Faber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-06-30 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whereas the hydrolases such as proteases, esterases and lipases are sufficiently well researched to be applied in every standard laboratory, other types of enzymes are still waiting to be discovered with respect to their applicability in organic-chemistry transformations on a preparative scale. This latter point is stressed here, with the focus on the newcomer-enzymes'which show great synthetic potential.
Download or read book Lignin Valorization written by Gregg T. Beckham and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Chapters will specifically focus on the production of fuels and chemicals from lignin."--Page [4] of cover.
Download or read book C X Bond Formation written by Arkadi Vigalok and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-06-30 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Kilian Muñiz: Transition Metal Catalyzed Electrophilic Halogenation of C-H bonds in alpha-Position to Carbonyl Groups; Arkadi Vigalok * and Ariela W Kaspi: Late Transition Metal-Mediated Formation of Carbon-Halogen Bonds; Paul Bichler and Jennifer A. Love*: Organometallic Approaches to Carbon-Sulfur Bond Formation; David S. Glueck: Recent Advances in Metal-Catalyzed C-P Bond Formation; Andrei N. Vedernikov: C-O Reductive Elimination from High Valent Pt and Pd Centers; Lukas Hintermann: Recent Developments in Metal-Catalyzed Additions of Oxygen Nucleophiles to Alkenes and Alkynes; Moris S. Eisen: Catalytic C-N, C-O and C-S bond formation promoted by organoactinide complexes.
Download or read book Biotransformations in Organic Chemistry written by Kurt Faber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of natural catalysts - enzymes - for the transformation of non-natural is not at all new: they have been used for more man-made organic compounds than one hundred years, employed either as whole cells, cell organelles or isolated enzymes [1]. Certainly, the object of most of the early research was totally different from that of the present day. Thus the elucidation of biochemical pathways and enzyme mechanisms was in the foreground of the reasearch some decades ago. It was mainly during the 1980s that the enormous potential of applying natural catalysts to transform non-natural organic compounds was recognized. What started as a trend in the late 1970s could almost be called a fashion in synthetic organic chemistry in the 1990s. Although the early euphoria during the 'gold rush' in this field seems to have eased somewhat, there is still no limit to be seen for the future development of such methods. As a result of this extensive, recent research, there have been an estimated 5000 papers published on the subject [2]. To collate these data as a kind of 'super-review' would clearly be an impossible task and, furthermore, such a hypothetical book would be unpalatable for the non-expert.
Download or read book Synthetic Applications written by Rajender S. Varma and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-05-09 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic nanocatalysts are becoming an important tool for greener catalytic processes in chemical transformations in view of the ease of their removal from a reaction medium. This book explores assorted magnetic nanocatalysts, their deployment in synthesis, chemical transformation and their recovery and reuse. Various thematic topics embodied include magnetic nanocatalysts for S-S bond formation, N-heterocycle formation, C-heteroatom bond formation, silica-supported catalysts, multicomponent reactions, including their recyclability; another available volume emphasizes the utility of magnetic nanocatalysts in industrial appliances.
Download or read book Quinoxalines written by Vakhid A. Mamedov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-26 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the fundamental aspects of quinoxaline chemistry: synthesis, reactions, mechanisms, structure, properties, and uses. The first four chapters present a survey of the developments in quinoxaline chemistry since the publication of the monograph on “Condensed Pyrazines” by Cheeseman and Cookson in 1979. These chapters give comprehensive coverage of all the methods of the synthesis of quinoxalines and the important quinoxaline-containing ring systems such as thiazolo[3,4-a]-, pyrrolo[1,2-a]-, and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines. Chapter five describes many new methods for the construction of quinoxaline macrocycles, which are important in applications such as optical devices and materials. The final chapter reviews all previously known rearrangements of heterocyclic systems that lead to benzimidazole derivatives. Mamedov critically analyses these transformations to reveal a novel acid-catalyzed rearrangement of quinoxalinones giving 2-heteroarylbenzimidazoles and 1-heteroarylbenzimidazolones in the presence of nucleophilic reactants (MAMEDOV Heterocycle Rearrangement). This book is of interest to researchers in the fields of heterocyclic and synthetic organic chemistry.
Download or read book Fluorine containing Amino Acids written by Valery P. Kukhar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1995-04-06 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, organo-fluorine chemistry has made a marked impact on the design and synthesis of a large variety of biologically active molecules, such as steroids, carbohydrates, amines, amino acids, peptides and other natural products. Naturally occurring amino acids play a pivotal role in living systems, and therefore synthetic fluorine-containing amino acids have been of significant interest to researchers working towards the understanding and modification of physiological processes. Fluorine-containing Amino Acids: is the first volume devoted to the synthesis and properties of fluorine-containing amino acids pays special attention to the preparation of enantiomerically pure acids (which are essential to the modern pharmaceutical industry) deals with a rapidly expanding field of research has been written by experienced researchers who are responsible for many developments in the field highlights the interdisciplinary nature of this topic Fluorine-containing Amino Acids is the only dedicated reference in this subject and will be essential for researchers in synthetic organic, peptide, natural product, and medicinal chemistry and biochemistry.
Download or read book Green Chemistry Synthesis of Bioactive Heterocycles written by K. L. Ameta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-17 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents a succinct summary of methods for the synthesis and biological activities of various different-sized bioactive heterocycles using different green chemistry synthetic methodologies, like microwave, ultrasonic, water mediated, ionic liquids, etc. The book also provides an insight of how green chemistry techniques are specific to the bioactive heterocyclic compounds.
Download or read book Handbook of Synthetic Photochemistry written by Angelo Albini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-02-01 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unique in its focus on preparative impact rather than mechanistic details, this handbook provides an overview of photochemical reactions classed according to the structural feature that is built in the photochemical step, so as to facilitate use by synthetic chemists unfamiliar with this topic. An introductory section covers practical questions on how to run a photochemical reaction, while all classes of the most important photocatalytic reactions are also included. Perfect for organic synthetic chemists in academia and industry.
Download or read book Enzymes written by Robert A. Copeland and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-04-07 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully updated and expanded-a solid foundation for understandingexperimental enzymology. This practical, up-to-date survey is designed for a broadspectrum of biological and chemical scientists who are beginning todelve into modern enzymology. Enzymes, Second Editionexplains the structural complexities of proteins and enzymes andthe mechanisms by which enzymes perform their catalytic functions.The book provides illustrative examples from the contemporaryliterature to guide the reader through concepts and data analysisprocedures. Clear, well-written descriptions simplify the complexmathematical treatment of enzyme kinetic data, and numerouscitations at the end of each chapter enable the reader to accessthe primary literature and more in-depth treatments of specifictopics. This Second Edition of Enzymes: A Practical Introductionto Structure, Mechanism, and Data Analysis features refinedand expanded coverage of many concepts, while retaining theintroductory nature of the book. Important new featuresinclude: A new chapter on protein-ligand binding equilibria Expanded coverage of chemical mechanisms in enzyme catalysisand experimental measurements of enzyme activity Updated and refined discussions of enzyme inhibitors andmultiple substrate reactions Coverage of current practical applications to the study ofenzymology Supplemented with appendices providing contact information forsuppliers of reagents and equipment for enzyme studies, as well asa survey of useful Internet sites and computer software forenzymatic data analysis, Enzymes, Second Edition isthe ultimate practical guide for scientists and students inbiochemical, pharmaceutical, biotechnical, medicinal, andagricultural/food-related research.
Download or read book Phenolic Resins A Century of Progress written by Louis Pilato and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The legacy of Leo Hendrik Baekeland and his development of phenol formal- hyde resins are recognized as the cornerstone of the Plastics Industry in the early twentieth century, and phenolic resins continue to ?ourish after a century of robust growth. On July 13, 1907, Baekeland ?led his “heat and pressure” patent related to the processing of phenol formaldehyde resins and identi?ed their unique utility in a plethora of applications. The year 2010 marks the Centennial Year of the prod- tion of phenolic resins by Leo Baekeland. In 1910, Baekeland formed Bakelite GmbH and launched the manufacture of phenolic resins in Erkner in May 1910. In October 1910, General Bakelite began producing resins in Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Lastly, Baekeland collaborated with Dr. Takamine to manufacture phenolic resins in Japan in 1911. These events were instrumental in establishing the Plastics Industry and in tracing the identity to the brilliance of Dr. Leo Baekeland. Phenolic resins remain as a versatile resin system featuring either a stable, thermoplastic novolak composition that cures with a latent source of formaldehyde (hexa) or a heat reactive and perishable resole composition that cures thermally or under acidic or special basic conditions. Phenolic resins are a very large volume resin system with a worldwide volume in excess of 5 million tons/year, and its growth is related to the gross national product (GNP) growth rate globally.
Download or read book Bioactive Natural Products written by Steven M. Colegate and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-12-14 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioactive natural products are proving to be a rich source of novel therapeutics to both protect against and combat diseases, as well as serve as lead compounds in crop protection. Following the successful format of the first edition, this volume brings together collective research from many new contributors and emphasizes the rationale behind the
