Download or read book Synthesis of Antimicrobial Oligomers and Their Related Polymers Using a Combination of Antibiotics for Dental Restorations and Adhesive Materials written by Yasaman Delaviz and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite having limited longevity in the oral cavity, resin composites are the most widely used dental restorative material. Secondary caries, which is the recurrence of cavities at the tooth and restoration interface, is currently responsible for more than half of resin composite replacements. The inherent vulnerability of the resin chemistry to hydrolysis and the presence of esterase activity in the oral environment, in combination with polymerization shrinkage and mechanical loading, sets the stage for a compromised interface. Micro-leakage of bacteria into the marginal site between the tooth and restorative material facilitates the recurrence of caries at the interface. To overcome this challenge, the objective of this thesis was to synthesize, purify, and chemically characterize novel dimethacrylate oligomers with antibiotics covalently incorporated into the oligomeric structure using well-defined biodegradable moieties. The antibiotics Ciprofloxacin (CF) and Metronidazole (MN) were selected as a proof-of concept, and the molecular structure of these oligomers were conceived such as to stabilize the oligomer's esters as a first line of defense against bacteria, while permitting the use of in-situ methacrylate polymerization chemistry for use in dental adhesive systems. Two dimethacrylate oligomers were synthesized, referred to as HLH-CFPEG and HLH-MN, with the former containing CF and the latter MN. In the presence of enzyme, both drug oligomers were significantly more stable when compared to the commercial monomer 2,2-bis[4(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)-phenyl]propane (BisGMA). Upon degradation, both drug oligomers released their respective original drugs (CF or MN) differentially in free form. Polymer synthesis of resin formulations containing 15 wt% HLH-CFPEG or HLH-MN showed high gel content values (≥97%), and under hydrolytic conditions showed a continuous release of CF and MN during a 28-day monitoring study period. Drug oligomers co-polymerized with BisGMA and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were not cytotoxic against human gingival fibroblasts. The antimicrobial adhesives demonstrated bonding to dentin, with no significant difference in the interfacial fracture toughness (KIC) values from the in-house formulated control composed of BisGMA and HEMA in the 2-step adhesive application technique. When a 3-step application was used, the in-house control had a small but significantly higher KIC value in comparison to the antimicrobial formulations.
Download or read book Oligomer Technology and Applications written by Uglea and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-01-05 with total page 1025 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Details laboratory and industrial synthesis and applications of oligomers-suggesting practical solutions to the on-the-job problems as well as exploring processing devices and techniques for industrial-scale production of new oligomer types.
Download or read book Physico Chemical Principles for Processing of Oligomeric Blends written by Semjon M Mezhikouski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-01-28 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the current state of theoretical and experimental studies of oligomeric mixed systems from the physico-chemical standpoint and provides a technologist with the means for the quantitative approach to preparing liquid oligomeric compositions and choosing proper operating conditions for their processing into materials and articles. Recommendations are given on the practical use of found physico-patterns as well as the physico-chemical analysis of the effect of the composition ingredients on the final properties.
Download or read book Synthesis of Sequence defined Oligomers and Polymers written by Nadja Franz and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synthesis of Lactam Antibiotics written by Alle Bruggink and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Penicillins and cephalosporins have a long history in combating bacterial infections. Despite new infectious diseases and occurring resistance, beta-lactam antibiotics will for many years to come continue to play a prominent role in our therapeutic arsenal. This book covers the industrial development of the chemical and biochemical processes used to manufacture these products, as well as looking ahead to possible future processes. The interplay between synthetic organic chemistry with the understanding and application of enzymes, modeling of fermentation processes and integration through (bio-) chemical process engineering is illustrated. In-depth scientific approaches to biocatalysis and biocatalyst development including enzyme kinetics, enzyme crystal studies and semi-rational enzyme mutations are also presented. Metabolic pathway analysis and modeling of fermentation process are treated as well as molecular precision in synthetic approaches to beta-lactams, their precursors and derivatives. Process technology studies including new reactor concepts, possible short-cut routes and improved down-stream-processing methods complete a broad view on the scope and limitations of the presently developed industrial processes including an intriguing insight into future process possibilities. This book represents an excellent case study on the transformation of traditional, stoïchiometric, organic synthesis and classical fermentations into modern (bio-) catalysis and biosynthesis based on insights in metabolic pathways and enzyme actions.
Download or read book Recent Progress in the Chemical Synthesis of Antibiotics and Related Microbial Products written by Gabor Lukacs and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 990 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Progress in the Chemical Synthesis of Antibiotics written by Gabor Lukacs and published by Springer. This book was released on 1990 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Antimicrobial and Antiviral Materials written by Peerawatt Nunthavarawong and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-05-19 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging microbial and viral infections are a serious challenge to health, safety, and economics around the world. Antimicrobial and antiviral technologies are needed to disrupt the progression and replication of bacteria and viruses and to counter their rapidly evolving resistance. This book discusses recent developments in materials science and engineering in combating infectious diseases and explores advances in antimicrobial and antiviral materials, including polymers, metals, and ceramics and their applications in the fight against pathogens. Features • Covers progress in biomimetic antimicrobial and antiviral materials and antimicrobial/antiviral bulk materials and coatings • Describes modern methods for disinfection of biomedical materials against microbial and viral infection resistance, especially for depressing novel coronavirus (COVID-19) • Details methods to improve material properties to have a longer service life in combating infection • Emphasizes chemical, physical, mechanical, tribological, and antimicrobial/antiviral properties • Offers current and future applications of emerging antimicrobial/antiviral technologies This book will be of interest to materials researchers and industry professionals focusing on antimicrobial and antiviral applications.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polymeric Materials with Antimicrobial Activity written by Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of different antimicrobial polymeric materials, their antimicrobial action modes and applications.
Download or read book Covalent Conjugation of 2 Hydroxyethylmethacrylate with an Anti Biofouling 2 Aminoimidazole Small Molecule and Its Effect on an Experimental Dental Adhesive written by Joey R Hampton and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Secondary caries, or cavities that have re-infected previously restored teeth, are a prevalent problem in the oral health community. An overwhelming 74% of restored teeth require further work and replacement restorations; many of which are due to patient's lack of oral hygiene and knowledge.1 Often, the initial carious tissue is due to lack of oral hygiene and after procedural restorations, no changes occur in their daily routine. This certainly contributes to the replacement rate; however, the remaining portion is due to the lack of preventative measures in the current methacrylate resin composite materials clinically utilized. Thus, there is a critical need to produce a dental adhesive with preventative characteristics. Which can reduce the high rate replacement for such materials. To create such a dental adhesive, a 2-aminoimidazole (2-AI) motif derived from sea sponges that has shown capabilities of disrupting bacterial biofilms has been chemically conjugated to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA, 1), a methacrylate commonly used in dental adhesives. Briefly, boc-protected 2-aminoimidazole (8) was coupled to a commercially available alkyne using standard conditions of amide formations. In the key step of the synthesis, the alkyne (9) was subjected to a "click" reaction with the known azide (3) and pushed through HPLC for separation. Under the pressure of HPLC and the presence of TFA, the product was deprotected and the final product was prematurely synthesized. At this stage, the solid functionalized methacrylate product (10), was incorporated into a control group polymer blend to produce an experimental dental adhesive. When co-polymerized at 1mM concentration, no significant differences in the mechanical properties were determined between control, commercial and experimental groups. The polymer also displayed similar degrees of conversion amongst groups and were slightly increased compared to literature values of the commercial adhesive Clearfil SE Protect. Additionally, the new monomer showcased anti-biofouling properties, however, when incorporated at 10 mM concentration into the polymer blend, no bacterial depletion was noted.
Download or read book Biomedical and Dental Applications of Polymers written by Charles Gebelein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development and use of medical and dental materials are highly interdisciplinary endeavors which require expertise in chemistry, materials science, medicine and/or dentistry, mechanics and design engineering. The Symposium upon which this treatise is based was organized to bring members from these communities together to explore problems of mutual interest. The biomaterials which are used in medical or dental prostheses must not only exhibit structural stability and provide the desired function, but they must also perform over extended periods of time in the environment of the body. The latter is a very stringent requirement. The oral and other physiological environments are designed by nature to break down many organic substances. Also of importance is the requirement that materials used in the prosthesis not have a deleterious effect on body tissues. Most foreign (to the body) substances are somewhat toxic to human tissues; in fact, few factors are more limiting in the medical prosthesis field than the biocompatibility problem. Some of these problems and the attempts to solve them are discussed in this volume.
Download or read book Antibiotics and Antiviral Compounds written by Karsten Krohn and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Designing an Antimicrobial and Cell Adhesive Multilayer written by Alexander Lotz and published by Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG. This book was released on 2012-05 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work surface modifications were developed that bear cell-adhesive as well as antimicrobial properties. Fast cell adhesion and wound healing is desired for biomaterials since otherwise the material would be recognized as a foreign body and infectious bacteria could enter the cavity between material and tissue. Plasma polymerization was used as the deposition technique since a broad range of materials can be coated independent of their composition. As a cell-adhesive coating plasma polymerized allylamine was chosen since it is cell-friendly and offers a platform for wet chemical modifications such as grafting of fibronectin. Furthermore, it serves as a barrier layer for zinc and silver containing sub-layers that exhibit antimicrobial properties due to the release of zinc and silver. The layer systems were spectroscopically and microscopically investigated. Cell-adhesive and antimicrobial properties were tested with various types of cells and bacteria.
Download or read book The Synthesis of Polymers Via the Linkage of Functionally Terminated Oligomers written by O'Dell Richard and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Just Antimicrobial is Not Enough Revisited from Antimicrobial Polymers to Microstructured Dual functional Surfaces Self regenerating Polymer Surfaces and Polymer Materials with Switchable Bioactivity written by Maria Zober and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Biofilm formation can be slowed down by restricting protein adhesion on a surface, or by antimicrobial/biocidal activity of the material (among other methods). In this progress report, the recent work on alternatives to single component antimicrobial or protein-repellent polymer materials is presented. These are microstructured bifunctional polymer surfaces and self-regenerating polymer multilayer stacks. The microstructured polymer surfaces consist of antimicrobial, protein-adhesive polymer patches, and nonfouling, protein repellent-polymer patches. By carefully balancing the size and architecture of the adhesive and repellent patches, materials with simultaneous antimicrobial activity and strong protein repellency are obtained. At similar polymer patch sizes, protein adhesion is lower on hydrogels with a low elastic modulus than on polymer monolayers attached to stiff substrates. Surface-regenerating polymer multilayer stacks are constructed from alternating layers of antimicrobial polymer hydrogels and degradable, soluble, or depolymerizable sacrificial layers. Top layer shedding, which imitates reptiles shedding their skin, rejuvenates the surface, and regenerates the antimicrobial function of the material. Layer shedding form such materials in solution is a competition between two thermodynamic minima, top layer reattachment and top layer removal. The outcome of each shedding event depends on the kinetics of the sacrificial layer disintegration
Download or read book Synthesis of Oligomers polymers from Plant Oil Derivatives written by Seng Soi Hoong and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
