Download or read book Synthesis Characterization Application Of Mn III Complex Compound written by Seema Gudden and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-05 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manganese has variable oxidation states and appears as Mn(III) with redox function. It plays an important role in numerous biological processes associated with utilization or generation of hydrogen peroxide or dioxygen. The functions of these type are known viz manganese superoxide dismutase, manganese catalase , manganese peroxidase, manganese ribonucleotide reductase and oxygen involving complex in photo system-II. This has prompted to under take the coordination of Mn(III) ions with ligands. The oxygen donar ligands used for the coordination are -diketones since -diketones anions are powerful chelating species and they give stable Mn(III) complex which can further be used for preparing other Mn(III) species that can be used as catalysts. The tris ( -diketonate) Mn(III) complex gives substitution as well as addition reactions with other ligands. Here nitrogen donar ligands used are ethylenediamine, propylenediamine and hexamethylenediamine. The nitrogen donar atom ligands ultimately result in the mixed ligand complexes for Mn(III) which are more stable in this oxidation state of manganese. In this way the aim of preparing stable Mn(III) complexes is achieved by the oxygen donor

Download or read book Synthesis Characterization and Reactivity of Manganese II Complexes Containing N heterocyclic Carbene Ligands written by Venkateswaran Mahesh Krishnan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of divalent manganese complexes containing N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands were synthesized and characterized in solution and the solid state. Chlorido complexes of Mn(II) containing the NHC ligands 1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMes) and 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr) were prepared in straightforward fashion by direct carbene addition to MnCl 2 (thf)1.5. The chlorido complexes were found to be ineffective precatalysts in Kumada-type coupling reactions of simple aryl halides. Cyclic voltammetry studies of one of the chloride complexes, [MnCl2 (IMes)2 ], demonstrate no electrochemically accessible reduction events in tetrahydrofuran, possibly accounting for the lack of catalytic activity. Chlorido complexes containing both IMes and IPr ligands serve as precursors to alkyl and aryl compounds of Mn(II). Characterization of the alkyl and aryl complexes is reported, and comparisons are made between these complexes and similar compounds in the chemical literature.

Download or read book Catalysis from A to Z written by Boy Cornils and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-13 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a complete and accessible A to Z collection of information on catalysis This updated and enlarged must-have edition of a classic book on catalysis explains the important terms of all aspects of the subject - including biocatalysis, homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis - as well as the terms associated with it. It also looks at related topics like spectroscopy or analytical methods. Featuring 20% more content than the previous edition, it comprehensively covers the topic in a clear and concise manner, and includes abbreviations, brief biographic entries of important scientists who have worked in catalysis, trade names, important catalytic processes, named reactions, reactions, and other important keywords in the general field of catalysis. Written by more than 200 top scientists and with more than 15,000 entries on all aspects of catalysis, Catalysis from A to Z: A Concise Encyclopedia, 5th Edition is filled with figures, tables, cross-references, and references. It covers acids, ligands, catalytic reactions in organic synthesis, kinetics and thermodynamics of catalytic reactions, and catalyst labeling. The book also looks at theoretical backgrounds of catalytic reactions, industrial catalytic processes, autoclaves, colloids, nanomaterials, spectroscopically methods for catalyst analysis, and more. Provides all the knowledge scientists need to know about homogeneous, heterogeneous, and biochemical catalysis Includes more than 15,000 keywords in compact entries Newly updated and expanded edition of the bestselling classic Comprehensive, succinct, and easy to use Edited by an experienced team of top editors and authors with contributions from over 200 scientific experts Offers German and French translations of the keywords to help students and non-native English speakers Catalysis from A to Z: A Concise Encyclopedia is an ideal resource for every student, chemist, scientist, and engineer involved in catalytic chemistry, chemical engineering, biochemistry, organic chemistry, and more.

Download or read book Synthesis Structures and Characterization of Coordination Compounds with the Transition Metals Ni II Cu II Mn II Cr III Fe III Using Ligands Based on Iminodiacetic Acid and N heterocycles written by Maria Paula Juanico and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2003 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese IV Porphyrin Com Plexes written by Bruce Curtis Schardt and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Manganese II Indenyl Compounds written by Ryan M. Meier and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Research Anthology on Synthesis Characterization and Applications of Nanomaterials written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-03-19 with total page 1917 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of nanotechnologies continues to grow, as nanomaterials have proven their versatility and use in many different fields and industries within the scientific profession. Using nanotechnology, materials can be made lighter, more durable, more reactive, and more efficient leading nanoscale materials to enhance many everyday products and processes. With many different sizes, shapes, and internal structures, the applications are endless. These uses range from pharmaceutics to materials such as cement or cloth, electronics, environmental sustainability, and more. Therefore, there has been a recent surge of research focused on the synthesis and characterizations of these nanomaterials to better understand how they can be used, their applications, and the many different types. The Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials seeks to address not only how nanomaterials are created, used, or characterized, but also to apply this knowledge to the multidimensional industries, fields, and applications of nanomaterials and nanoscience. This includes topics such as both natural and manmade nanomaterials; the size, shape, reactivity, and other essential characteristics of nanomaterials; challenges and potential effects of using nanomaterials; and the advantages of nanomaterials with multidisciplinary uses. This book is ideally designed for researchers, engineers, practitioners, industrialists, educators, strategists, policymakers, scientists, and students working in fields that include materials engineering, engineering science, nanotechnology, biotechnology, microbiology, drug design and delivery, medicine, and more.

Download or read book Synthesis Characterization and Reactivity of Ylidyne and Ylido Complexes Supported by Scorpionato Ligands written by Priyabrata Ghana and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-11 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the development of the first open-shell heavier tetrylidyne complexes featuring a tetrel-centered unpaired electron, and unprecedented metallatetrylidynes containing a multiply-bonded, linear-coordinated single heavier tetrel atom embedded between two metal centers. The chemistry of compounds featuring triple bonds of the heavier Group-14 elements Si–Pb with transition metals is a very challenging research area, which combines modern molecular main-group element with transition-metal chemistry, and is of fundamental importance for the understanding of chemical bonding. During the last 15 years, the research in this area has witnessed considerable progress in isolating a series of closed-shell tetrylidyne complexes. However, despite numerous attempts, open-shell tetrylidyne complexes and heavier group 14 element congeners of metallacarbynes and carbide complexes remained inaccessible. In this book, readers will find more about the synthesis, full characterization and reactivity studies of these novel complexes that uncovered a plethora of exceptional products, including a novel m3-silicido complex, the first dimetallasilacumulene with a linear, two-coordinated single silicon atom and the first compounds of planar tetracoordinated silicon (ptSi) (Anti-van’t Hoff-Le Bell Silicon). Readers will also learn about the isolation and full characterization of the first room-temperature stable disilavinylidene, a silicon analogue of the very reactive vinylidenes (R2C=C:), and the first intermetallic plumbylidyne ligand transfer reactions.

Download or read book Sulfur Compounds Advances in Research and Application 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-06-21 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfur Compounds—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Hydrogen Sulfide. The editors have built Sulfur Compounds—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Hydrogen Sulfide in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Sulfur Compounds—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Synthesis structures and characterization of coordination compounds with the transition metals Ni II Mn II Cr III Fe III using ligands based on iminodiacetic acid and N heterocycles written by and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2004-03-29 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research into supramolecular chemistry presented in tis work has resulted in the synthtesis and characterization of twenty coordination compounds. These can be considered to fall into three categories:

Download or read book Biomimetic Oxidations Catalyzed By Transition Metal Complexes written by Bernard Meunier and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2000-03-08 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the classic work Metal-Catalyzed Oxidations of Organic Compounds (edited by R A Sheldon and J K Kochi, 1991), no book has been devoted to advances in the field of biomimetic oxidations, which was created nearly 18 years ago. This expanding research field is covered in this volume. All the different aspects of the modeling of oxidations catalyzed by metalloenzymes are dealt with.This invaluable book will be useful to postgraduates as well as researchers in academia and industry, and will also benefit second year university students.

Download or read book Synthesis Characterization and Application of Chiral Schiff base Complexes written by Kayode Oshin and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work examines the synthesis of novel chiral Schiff-base complexes derived from (1R,2R)-cyclohexanediamine and (R)-[1,1'-binaphthalene]-2-2'-diamine structural backbones with quinoline, isopropyl-quinoline, and benzoquinoline structural side-arms. We incorporated some degree of flexibility in the ligands and complexes so they can accommodate the sterics of different substrates during a catalytic reaction. We successfully achieved this by reducing the imine bond in the ligands to the corresponding amine bond. Therefore, the successful reduction and metallation of some of these ligands to give structures of different symmetries is reported. We had difficulty reducing ligands with the binaphthalene backbone but were able to partially reduce the ligand through a one-pot reaction with a zinc(II) salt and NaBH4. The complete 1H NMR assignments of the complexes reported in this thesis serve as a valuable tool for use in the characterization of future complexes. The complete NMR characterization of compounds reported is a complex process because they are polycyclic aromatic systems and the coupling network similarity in different parts of the molecule usually results in severe overlap of their 1H resonances. To overcome this impediment, we took advantage of various 2D-NMR techniques (COSY, NOESY, ROSEY, HSQC, and HMBC) along with other 1D-NMR experiments (1H HOMODEC, 1H, and 13C) to completely assign the desired complexes. Subsequently we also studied the coordination chemistry of several meal cations with our ligand system with the goal of obtaining single stranded monhelices. The potential use of some of the complexes in the area of NMR discrimination and kinetic resolution of racemic mixtures was examined and shown to be promising. Several NMR experiments were conducted using the racemic olefins 3-buten-2-ol and 1-penten-3-ol to demonstrate the discriminating power of our silver(I) complexes. We discovered that sterics play an important role in this resolution experiment and the bulky nature of our complexes affect the overall efficiency of the NMR discriminatory process as it diminishes the contact between the reactive metal center and the olefins involved. Temperature also plays a vital role in the chiral recognition of racemic olefins as we examined the ideal temperature needed to reduce the various dynamic processes that take place in solution at room temperature.

Download or read book Stability and Applications of Coordination Compounds written by Abhay Nanda Srivastva and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the current era of incessant developing needs for the betterment and ease in living style for humans, technology is seeking upgraded, well structured materials for utilization in various fields of human-wellness such as medication, energy, environment protection and cleaning, food security etc. In the same direction, chemists are doing very well at synthesizing compounds and materials from different groups of chemicals. Among them, coordination compounds also play a key role in serving humanity as these compounds have a wide range of applications in health care from antimicrobial to anticancer, bioengineering, bio-mimetic models, catalysis, photosensitized materials etc. Along with development of stable coordination compounds, their extensive structural studies are also in the main line of work for researchers. Twenty-nine authors from different countries have contributed their scientific views and work in magnifying the importance and scope of coordination compounds in the present book entitled “Stability and Applications of Coordination Compounds”. I hope that the book will achieve its target of supplementing the community of researchers and readers working in the field of coordination chemistry.

Download or read book Structural and Biological Applications of Schiff Base Metal Complexes written by Pallavi Jain and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coordination compounds have been well-known for their wide variety of applications for over a century, as well as enhancing the researcher’s interest and concern in evaluating their action mechanism. It is certainly one of the most intensely discussed research topics. Coordination compounds involve different metal-ion-ligand phenomenon. The involved metal ions play a significant role in structural association and functioning of several processes in the genetic and metabolism system. In recent years, Schiff base ligands have gained significant interest and received a keen interest of many researchers. Schiff’s base ligands have been recognized to hold a wide variety of biological and medicinal activities due to the presence of donor atoms. They have proved exceptional pharmalogical actions such as antimicrobial, anti-tuberclosis, antiplatelet, antidiabetic, antiarthritis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antimalarial, and analgesic. These biologically active Schiff base ligands have also been shown to inhibit enzyme mobilization and, when bound to a metal ion, exhibit enhanced biological activity, making them useful in a number of fields. As a result, metal complexes of Schiff base ligands are gaining popularity due to their unique properties and functionalities. Schiff base complex-based research for educational and industrial purposes is booming, and the number of publications is gradually increasing. Despite these interests, there is currently no detailed book on Schiff base metal complexes that covers the structures, biological activities, and other non-biological perspectives. This book delves into the structures of Schiff base metal complexes, which are critical in assessing the biological viability of any complex. It also highlights their biological significance in pharma and drug discovery like antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritis, anti-diabetic, antioxidants, anti-proliferative, antitumor, anticancer, antiviral. The fundamentals of metal complexes are described, as well as an up-to-date outline of developments in synthesis, characterization methods, properties- chemical, thermal, optical, structural, and applications. This book also discusses the other applications of Schiff base metal complexes: as sensor (luminescent, electrochemical, and biosensor), as pigments in dying and paint industries, as photocatalyst to improve the degradation rate. Features : This book would be useful for academia, researchers and engineers working in the area of Schiff base and their metal complexes. This book will give an in-depth account of the properties of Schiff base and their metal complexes. This book will discuss the details of synthesis methods for Schiff base and their metal complexes. This book will cover emerging trends in the use of Schiff base metal complexes in the industry. This book will provide an overview of the wider biological applications of Schiff base metal complexes

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Low Coordinate Transition Metal Complexes written by Aimee M. Bryan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation describes the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity studies of new low-coordinate complexes of readily available and inexpensive transition metals such as iron, cobalt and nickel. The compounds were magnetically characterized in detail and tested for single molecule magnet (SMM) behavior. SMMs are a topic of intense research because of their potential applications in magnetic memory, high-density information storage and quantum computing technologies. Low-coordinate compounds display magnetic moments that indicate high orbital angular momentum and are very promising candidates for SMM behavior because they also tend to have large negative zero-field splitting (D) values. The complexes reported here are stabilized by using a variety of amido, aryloxo and thiolato ligands with bulky terphenyl groups and also using aryl and alkyl substituted silylamides. A superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and Evans' methods were used to study the magnetic properties and single crystal X-ray crystallography and NMR (1H and 13C) were used to confirm the structures of these compounds in both the solid and solution states. Further characterization studies included UV-visible, near-IR, and IR spectroscopy, melting point, elemental analysis and DFT calculations, where applicable, in order to determine the electronic configurations and bonding schemes. At present there are ca. 100 stable open shell two-coordinate mononuclear transition metal complexes currently known but ca. 20% have a linear coordination at the metal atom with only a few being strictly 180° at their metal center. Very few of these compounds had been magnetically characterized. In Chapter 2, the synthesis and magnetic characterization of the late transition metal Co2+ (d7) and Ni2+ (d8) primary amido complexes Co{N(H)Ar(iPr6)}2, Co{N(H)Ar(Me6)}2, Ni{N(H)Ar(iPr6)}2 and Ni{N(H)Ar(Me6)}2 (Ar(Me6) = C6H3-2,6(C6H2-2,4,6-Me3)2, Ar(iPr6) = C6H3-2,6(C6H2-2,4,6-(i)Pr3)2) are described. The investigations showed that they exhibit interesting magnetic behavior. The bent versus linear geometries of the complexes enable direct observation of the effects of orbital angular momentum quenching upon bending the metal coordination geometry. The electronic configuration of the linear cobalt(II) complexes does not predict first order orbital angular momentum and yet, the magnetic moment of Co{N(H)Ar(iPr6))2 is much higher than the spin only value which suggests a large spin-orbit coupling effects due to mixing of the ground and excited states. In Chapter 3, the synthesis and characterization of the mononuclear chromium, iron, cobalt and nickel terphenyl substituted thiolate complexes Cr(SAr(Me6))2, Cr(SAr(iPr4))2, Fe(SAr(iPr4))2, Co(SAr(iPr4))2 and Ni(SAr(iPr4))2 are described. Their structures show bent coordination geometries of varying degree with strong secondary M-[eta]6 and M-C(ipso) flanking aryl ring interactions of ca. 2.153 [Angstrom] for Fe(SAr(iPr4))2, ca. 1.625 [Angstrom] for Co(SAr(iPr4))2 and ca. 1.731 [Angstrom] for Ni(SAr(iPr4))2. This observation is in sharp contrast to the almost linear coordination observed for the derivatives of the related but more crowded terphenyl thiolate ligand, SAr(iPr6), in M(SAr(iPr6))2 complexes where M = Cr, Fe, Co and Ni and the strictly linear geometry observed for the terphenyloxo analogs M(OAr(iPr4))2 where M = Fe and Co. Magnetic moments for these species are, in general, lower than the spin-only values. Expect for chromium, this is an unexpected observation for late transition metal low-coordinate complexes. The suppression of magnetic moments is most like due to the strong M-arene interactions which effectively increases the coordination number at the metal atom. These results demonstrate the important role that substituents play on the flanking rings of the terphenyl ligands and begs further investigations involving the role of dispersion in the isolation of low coordination mononuclear transition metal complexes. The divalent silylamides M{N(SiMe3)2}2 (M = Mn, Fe, and Co) are key synthons for low-coordinate transition-metal derivatives. In Chapter 4, the previously reported, but incorrectly characterized cobalt(II) silylamide, [Co{N(SiMe3)2}2]2 has been spectroscopically and magnetically characterized for the first time. In addition, the new Lewis base complexes [Co{N(SiMe3)2}2(PMe3)], and [Co{N(SiMe3)2}2(THF)], as well as a previously reported complex [Co{N(SiMe3)2}2(py)] were isolated and characterized. Magnetic studies showed that they had considerably larger magnetic moments than the spin-only value of 3.87 [mu](B), which is indicative of a significant zero-field splitting and g-tensor anisotropy. In addition to their interesting magnetic behavior and unexpectedly large D values in the range of -20 to -80 cm−1. The electronic spectrum of [Co{N(SiMe3)2}2]2 in solution showed that earlier characterization spectra of "Co{N(SiMe3)2}2" match that of the bright green THF adduct and not the dark brown cobalt dimer [Co{N(SiMe3)2}2]2. In Chapter 5, it is shown that the reaction of the versatile cobalt(II) amide, [Co{N(SiMe3)2}2]2, with four equivalents of the sterically crowded terphenyl phenols, HOAr(Me6) and HOAr(iPr4) (Ar(iPr4) = C6H3-2,6(C6H3-2,6-(i)Pr2)2) produced the first well-characterized, monomeric two-coordinate cobalt(II) bisaryloxides, Co{OAr(Me6))2 and Co(OAr(iPr4))2. Not only are these very rare examples of two-coordinate transition metal(II) aryloxides, but the magnetic moments of both the linear and the bent species were well in excess of the spin only value for cobalt(II) ion. It was demonstrated that careful manipulation of the synthetic conditions for Co(OAr(iPr4))2 could produce varying occupancies of the cobalt(II) site and that after weighting the magnetic susceptibilities of the compounds accordingly, the moments were shown to be in close agreement with each other. Chapter 6 reports the synthesis of the unstable nickel(II) bis(silylamide) complex Ni{N(SiMe3)2}2 via the reaction of NiI2 and two equivalents of NaN(SiMe3)2 in tetrahydrofuran, as well as two of its Lewis base adducts, Ni{N(SiMe3)2}2(THF) and Ni{N(SiMe3)2}2(py)2. The reaction of two equivalents of LiN(SiMe3)2 with NiCl2(DME) in tetrahydrofuran afforded the reduced homoleptic tetrameric nickel(I) amide complex, [Ni{N(SiMe3)2}]4. This unique polymetallic structure having a Ni4N4 planar array has four S = 1/2 nickel (I) ions and an antiferromagnetic exchange coupling constant of J = -102(2) cm−1. This study provides strong evidence that the formation of nickel(II) and nickel(I) amido complexes is possible without the use of sterically demanding ligand sets.

Download or read book Direct Synthesis of Metal Complexes written by B.I. Kharisov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct Synthesis of Metal Complexes provides in-depth coverage of the direct synthesis of coordination and organometallic compounds. The work is primarily organized by methods, but also covers highly relevant complexes, such as metal-polymer coordination compounds. This updated reference discusses recent developments in cryosynthesis, electrosynthesis, and tribosynthesis (popular as it doesn’t require organic solvents), with special attention paid to ‘greener’ methodologies and approaches. Additionally, the book describes physical methods of zero-valent metal interaction with organic matter, including sputtering, ultrasonic treatment and synthesis in ionic liquids. The book presents completely new content as a follow-up to the 1999 Elsevier Science publication Direct Synthesis of Coordination and Organometallic Compounds that was edited by Dr. Garnovskii and Dr. Kharisov. Covers current methods and techniques of metal interactions with organic media leading to metal chelates, adducts, di- and polymetallic complexes, metal-containing macrocycles, supported coordination compounds (i.e., metal complexes on carbon nanotubes), and more Describes reactivities of distinct forms of elemental metals (powders, sheets, nanoparticles (including a host of less-common metal nanostructures) with organic phase (liquid, solid and gaseous) and water Includes experimental procedures, with examples of direct synthesis, at the end of each chapter

Download or read book Molecular Electrostatic Potentials written by J.S. Murray and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-11-22 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 25 years, the molecular electrostatic potential has become firmly established as an effective guide to molecular interactions. With the recent advances in computational technology, it is currently being applied to a variety of important chemical and biological systems. Its range of applicability has expanded from primarily a focus on sites for electrophilic and nucleophilic attack to now include solvent effects, studies of zeolite, molecular cluster and crystal behavior, and the correlation and prediction of a wide range of macroscopic properties. Moreover, the increasing prominence of density functional theory has raised the molecular electrostatic potential to a new stature on a more fundamental conceptual level. It is rigorously defined in terms of the electron density, and has very interesting topological characteristics since it explicitly reflects opposing contributions from the nuclei and the electrons. This volume opens with a survey chapter by one of the original pioneers of the use of the electrostatic potential in studies of chemical reactivity, Jacopo Tomasi. Though the flow of the succeeding chapters is not stringently defined, the overall trend is that the emphasis changes gradually from methodology to applications. Chapters discussing more theoretical topics are placed near the end. Readers will find the wide variety of topics provided by an international group of authors both convincing and useful.