Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Carbon Nanostructures Supported Catalysts and Their Effects on Methanol and Ethanol Electro oxidation written by Raghavendar Reddy Sanganna Gari and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alternative energy conversion systems are receiving great attention due to the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing environmental pollution. Due to excellent features such as high energy density, low operating temperature, and high energy conversion efficiency, direct methanol (DMFC) and ethanol fuel cells (DEFC) are promising power sources to address future energy problems. However, their performance is limited by low electrocatalytic activity of anodes for methanol and ethanol oxidations, and the high cost of noble metal platinum (Pt) based catalysts. One approach to enhance catalytic activity and to reduce the cost is to explore novel carbon materials as catalyst supports. In this work, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and graphene-supported Pt and Pt-Ru catalysts were synthesized by an ethylene glycol (EG) reduction method. Comparative electrochemical measurements of different carbon structure-supported catalysts were conducted using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry techniques. Experimental results show that SWCNT-supported Pt and Pt-Ru catalysts have a higher catalytic activity and lower charge transfer resistance towards methanol and ethanol oxidation in comparison to MWCNT-supported catalysts. The electrocatalytic activities of graphene-supported catalysts were compared with commercial Vulcan XC-72 carbon black-supported catalysts and graphite supported catalysts. Experimental results suggest that graphene-supported Pt and Pt-Ru nanoparticles possess superior electrocatalytic activity than carbon black and graphite supports.
Download or read book Nanomaterials for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells written by Fatih Şen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells explains nanomaterials and nanocomposites as well as the characterization, manufacturing, and design of alcohol fuel cell applications. The advantages of direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) are significant for reliable and long-lasting portable power sources used in devices such as mobile phones and computers. Even though substantial improvements have been made in DAFC systems over the last decade, more effort is needed to commercialize DAFCs by producing durable, low-cost, and smaller-sized devices. Nanomaterials have an important role to play in achieving this aim. The use of nanotechnology in DAFCs is vital due to their role in the synthesis of nanocatalysts within the manufacturing process. Lately, nanocatalysts containing carbon such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanocoils have also attracted much attention. When compared to traditional materials, carbon-based materials have unique advantages, such as high corrosion resistance, better electrical conductivity, and less catalyst poisoning. This book also covers different aspects of nanocomposites fabrication, including their preparation, design, and characterization techniques for their fuel cell applications. This book is an important reference source for materials scientists, engineers, energy scientists, and electrochemists who are seeking to improve their understanding of how nanomaterials are being used to enhance the efficiency and lower the cost of DAFCs. - Shows how nanomaterials are being used for the design and manufacture of DAFCs - Explores how nanotechnology is being used to enhance the synthesis and catalysis processes to create the next generation of fuel cells - Assesses the major challenges of producing nanomaterial-based DAFCs on an industrial scale
Download or read book Carbon and Oxide Nanostructures written by Noorhana Yahya and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-12 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers all aspects of carbon and oxide based nanostructured materials. The topics include synthesis, characterization and application of carbon-based namely carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibres, fullerenes, carbon filled composites etc. In addition, metal oxides namely, ZnO, TiO2, Fe2O3, ferrites, garnets etc., for various applications like sensors, solar cells, transformers, antennas, catalysts, batteries, lubricants, are presented. The book also includes the modeling of oxide and carbon based nanomaterials. The book covers the topics: Synthesis, characterization and application of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibres, fullerenes Synthesis, characterization and application of oxide based nanomaterials. Nanostructured magnetic and electric materials and their applications. Nanostructured materials for petro-chemical industry. Oxide and carbon based thin films for electronics and sustainable energy. Theory, calculations and modeling of nanostructured materials.
Download or read book Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells written by Minhua Shao and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells" that was published in Catalysts
Download or read book CVD Synthesis of Carbon Nanostructures and Their Applications as Supports in Catalysis written by Jacques Teddy and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, we describe the synthesis, structure, physical properties and some applications in catalysis of previously known carbon allotropes, and recently discovered carbon nanostructure (Chapter I). First, FB-OM-CVD deposition was used for metal or metal oxide deposition on metal oxide supports like alumina or silica, leading to the production of supported catalysts. The resulting material was used as catalyst for catalytic chemical vapor deposition of carbonaceous nanostructures i.e single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs, MWCNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (N-MWCNTs) and nanofibers (N-CNFs) (Chapter II). After catalyst removal by a H2SO4 or NaOH treatments and carboxylic surface group generation by a HNO3 treatment in the case of MWCNTs and CNFs, the carbon nanostructures were used as supports for heterogeneous catalysis. The hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde was used as a model reaction to compare the performance of different bimetallic Pt-Ru catalysts as a function of the nature of the support. Detailed parametric studies as well as the effect of a heat treatment on the performance improvement of the Pt-Ru/MWCNT catalyst are presented. An explanation for the increase of performances upon heat treatment will be proposed after HREM, EDX, EXAFS and WAXS characterization of the catalyst (Chapter III). The prepared carbon nanostructures were also tested as supports for Pd based electrocatalysts for direct alkaline fuel cells applications in both cathodes for the ORR reaction and anodes for alcohols oxidation.
Download or read book Catalysts for Alcohol fuelled Direct Oxidation Fuel Cells written by Zhen-Xing Liang and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a state-of-the-art review on recent advances in nanocatalysts and electrocatalysis in DOFCs.
Download or read book Synthesis of Carbon Supported PdSn Electrocatalysts in Alkaline Media written by Amir Mahmoud Makin Adam and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2020-06-12 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) have received much attention from research academia because of their importance as alternative sources of energy. In this study, PdSn8/C, PdSn10 /C PdSn10.3, PdSn10.7/C, PdSn11/C and PdSn14/C (23 wt%) electrocatalysts on Vulcan XC72 carbon powder were prepared by impregnation reduction method and studied for the reaction of methanol and ethanol electrooxidation in an alkaline medium. The samples were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrochemical characterization was performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). It is found that for methanol and ethanol electrooxidation, PdSn10.7/C exhibited higher electrochemical performance than the commercial Pd/C. This realized high performance could be attributed to the generation of OH- species by Sn at lower potential.
Download or read book Novel Carbon Adsorbents written by J.M.D. Tascón and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-09-25 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following in the lineage of Adsorption by Carbons (Bottani & Tascon, 2008), this work explores current research within contemporary novel carbon adsorbents. Both basic and applied aspects are discussed for this important class of materials. The first section of the book introduces physical adsorption and carbonaceous materials, and is followed by a section concerning the fundamentals of adsorption by carbons. This leads to development of a series of theoretical concepts that serve as an introduction to the following section in which adsorption is mainly envisaged as a tool to characterize the porous texture and surface chemistry of carbons. Particular attention is paid to novel nanocarbons, and the electrochemistry of adsorption by carbons is also addressed. Finally, several important technological applications of gas and liquid adsorption by carbons in areas such as environmental protection and energy storage constitute the last section of the book. Encompasses fundamental science of adsorption by carbons, in one location, supporting current R&D without extensive literature review Describes adsorption as it is currently applied to major novel types of carbon materials, including carbon gels, carbide-derived carbons, zeolite-templated carbvons, hydrothermal carbons, carbon nanohorns and graphene Specific discussion of fuel storage, environmental remediation and biomedical applications, of contemporary interest to many surface chemists and applications-focused researchers
Download or read book Platinum Monolayer Electrocatalysts written by Radoslav Adzic and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes a science and technology of a new type of electrocatalysts consisting of a single atomic layer of platinum on suitable supports. This development helped overcome three major obstacles—catalysts‘ cost, activity, and stability—for a broad range of fuel cell applications. The volume begins with a short introduction to the science of electrocatalysis, covering four reactions important for energy conversion in fuel cells. A description follows of the properties of metal monolayers on electrode surfaces, and underpotential deposition of metals. The authors then describe the concept of Pt monolayer electrocatalysts and its implications and their synthesis by galvanic displacement of less-noble metal monolayers and other methods. The main part of the book presents a discussion of catalysts’ characterization and catalytic properties of Pt monolayers for the four main reactions of electrochemical energy conversion: oxygen reduction and oxidation of hydrogen, methanol and ethanol. The book concludes with a treatment of scale-up syntheses, fuel cell tests, catalysts’ stability and application prospects.
Download or read book Comprehensive Nanoscience and Nanotechnology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-01-02 with total page 1881 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Nanoscience and Technology, Second Edition, Five Volume Set allows researchers to navigate a very diverse, interdisciplinary and rapidly-changing field with up-to-date, comprehensive and authoritative coverage of every aspect of modern nanoscience and nanotechnology. Presents new chapters on the latest developments in the field Covers topics not discussed to this degree of detail in other works, such as biological devices and applications of nanotechnology Compiled and written by top international authorities in the field
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles for Ethanol Oxidation in Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell DEFC written by Seden Beyhan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) is a very promising power source for low power applications since ethanol is very attractive fuel regarding its high power energy density, low working temperature, non toxicity and natural availability. However, there are some problems that have to be overcome if we wish to see DEFCs in our everyday life. For the anode catalyst, there are two main drawbacks that cause problems with the DEFC, namely, expensive noble metals with high loading and long-term stability. On the other hand, an active anode catalyst for ethanol oxidation should be breaking the C-C bond to achieve maximum efficiency. Currently, the best binary catalyst for ethanol oxidation is PtSn; however, the addition of Sn to Pt catalyst inhibits the breaking the C-C bond. This is not favorable for ethanol energy conversion efficiency and fuel cell utilization. On the other hand, further improvement in stability is needed. So far, a ternary PtSnRu catalyst seems to be the most promising for use in DEFC, however, an alternative ternary catalyst should be considered together with cost-saving effects. The aim of this thesis is to develop alternative anode catalysts with high electrochemical activity in direct ethanol fuel cell applications. For this purpose, carbon supported (Vulcan XC72) monometallic Pt, bimetallic PtM(M=Sn, Co, Ni, Rh, Pd) and trimetallic PtSnM(M=Ni, Co, Rh, Pd) catalysts were synthesized by Bönnemann's colloidal precursor coreduction method. In order to evaluate the relationship between the catalyst structure and catalyst activity, various microscopic and spectroscopic characterization techniques were employed such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Element Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and in-situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Electrochemical characterization of the catalysts regarding their onset potentials, activities and current densities towards ethanol oxidation were determined by linear sweep voltammetry. Furthermore, anode performance tests in a single ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) were also employed. The addition of a Ni or Co to PtSn catalyst showed the best catalytic activity for ethanol oxidation with low onset potential. Spectroscopic characterization results revealed that the presence of Ni and Co metals in the bulk composition lead to a lower energy levels of the Pt d states on the catalyst surface and weaken the Pt-CO bond. On the other hand, separate SnO2 phase can oxidize adsorbed CO-like intermediates. PtSnNi and PtSnCo ternary systems with less noble metal in the catalyst showed a higher anode performance in direct ethanol fuel cell operation.
Download or read book Inorganic Materials for Energy Medicine and Environmental Remediation written by Saravanan Rajendran and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-25 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents concepts, methods and applications of inorganic nanomaterials for energy applications such as fuel cells and batteries, for environmental applications such as water purification, and for medicinal applications such as cancer treatments. The founding father of nanotechnology, Eric Drexler, always communicated a unique vision in exploring new materials and creating advancements in molecular nanotechnology. He emphasized the potential advantages of smaller size, higher efficiency and less needed resources for applications in energy, environment and medicine. A higher surface to volume ratio of inorganic nanomaterials is a key property.
Download or read book Plant Nanobionics written by Ram Prasad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-30 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant Nanobionics, Volume 2 continues the important discussion of nanotechnology in plants, but focuses with a focus on biosynthesis and toxicity. This book discusses novel approaches to biosynthesis of nanoparticles for the increase of plant production systems, controlled release of agrochemicals and management of plant biotic stress. Green biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles from bee propolis, artificial photosynthesis and hybrid structures are presented. Although engineered nanoparticles have great potential for solving many agricultural and societal problems, their consequences on the ecosystems and environment must be responsibly considered. This volume aims to contribute to the limited literature on this topic through its comprehensive examination of nanoparticle toxicity on plants, microbes and human health. Environmental risks with recent data are discussed as well as risks associated with the transfer of nanoparticles through the food chain. This volume highlights the study of a mechanistic approach and the study of nanoparticles towards nanobionics. The application of polymeric materials for smart packing in the food industry and agriculture sector as well as the future of nanomaterials in detecting soil microbes for environmental remediation are also included.
Download or read book Materials for Low Temperature Fuel Cells written by Bradley Ladewig and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-03-09 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are a large number of books available on fuel cells; however, the majority are on specific types of fuel cells such as solid oxide fuel cells, proton exchange membrane fuel cells, or on specific technical aspects of fuel cells, e.g., the system or stack engineering. Thus, there is a need for a book focused on materials requirements in fuel cells. Key Materials in Low-Temperature Fuel Cells is a concise source of the most important and key materials and catalysts in low-temperature fuel cells. A related book will cover key materials in high-temperature fuel cells. The two books form part of the "Materials for Sustainable Energy & Development" series. Key Materials in Low-Temperature Fuel Cells brings together world leaders and experts in this field and provides a lucid description of the materials assessment of fuel cell technologies. With an emphasis on the technical development and applications of key materials in low-temperature fuel cells, this text covers fundamental principles, advancement, challenges, and important current research themes. Topics covered include: proton exchange membrane fuel cells, direct methanol and ethanol fuel cells, microfluidic fuel cells, biofuel cells, alkaline membrane fuel cells, functionalized carbon nanotubes as catalyst supports, nanostructured Pt catalysts, non-PGM catalysts, membranes, and materials modeling. This book is an essential reference source for researchers, engineers and technicians in academia, research institutes and industry working in the fields of fuel cells, energy materials, electrochemistry and materials science and engineering.
Download or read book Carbon Meta Nanotubes written by Marc Monthioux and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-27 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meta-Nanotubes are a new generation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which result from the chemical transformation of regular CNTs and their subsequent combination with foreign materials (atoms, molecules, chemical groups, nanocrystals) by various ways such as functionalisation, doping, filling, and substitution. These new nanomaterials exhibit enhanced or new properties, such as reactivity, solubility, and magnetism, which pristine CNTs do not possess. Their many applications include electronic and optoelectronic devices, chemical and biosensors, solar cells, drug delivery, and reinforced glasses and ceramics. Carbon Meta-Nanotubes: Synthesis, Properties and Applications discusses these third generation carbon nanotubes and the unique characteristics they possess. Beginning with a general overview of the subject, this book covers the five main categories of meta-nanotubes, namely: Doped Carbon Nanotubes Functionalised Carbon Nanotubes Decorated or Coated Carbon Nanotubes Filled Carbon Nanotubes Heterogeneous Nanotubes Providing unparalleled coverage of these third generation or meta-nanotubes, and possibilities for future development, this book is essential for anyone working on carbon nanotubes.
Download or read book Nanotechnology in Catalysis Volumes 1 and 2 written by Bing Zhou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-12-31 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is mainly based on the first and second symposia on Nanotechnology in Catalysis held in 2001 and 2002, but it also includes several contributions not presented in the symposia to round out the scope of the subject. The contents are the most up to date developments made by researchers all over the world in the catalysis field in this fascinating nanotechnology era. It reflects some of the frontier areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology in fabricating and characterizing catalysts and carrying out studies to prove their superior selectivity and activity. The field of application of nanotechnology for the development of catalysts for green chemistry is likely to grow rapidly during the next decade. This book hopes to contribute to the evolution of nanotechnology in that direction.
Download or read book Nanoenergy written by Flavio Leandro de Souza and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-30 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low dimensional systems have revolutionized the science and technology in several areas. However, their understanding is still a great challenge for the scientific community. Solar energy conversion devices based on nanostructured materials have shown exceptional gains in efficiency and stability. In this context, nanostructures allow an improvement of surface properties, transport and charge transfer, as well as direct application as sensors and storage devices and energy conversion. This book discuss the recent advances and future trends of the nanoscience in solar energy conversion and storage. It explores and discusses recent developments both in theory as well as in experimental studies and is of interest to materials scientists, chemists, physicists and engineers.
