Download or read book Symmetric Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions at Ultra high Laser Energies written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first indirect-drive hohlraum experiments at the National Ignition Facility have demonstrated symmetric capsule implosions at unprecedented laser drive energies of 0.7 MJ. 192 simultaneously fired laser beams heat ignition hohlraums to radiation temperatures of 3.3 million Kelvin compressing 1.8-millimeter capsules by the soft x rays produced by the hohlraum. Self-generated plasma-optics gratings on either end of the hohlraum tune the laser power distribution in the hohlraum producing symmetric x-ray drive as inferred from capsule self-emission measurements. These experiments indicate conditions suitable for compressing deuterium-tritium filled capsules with the goal to achieve burning fusion plasmas and energy gain in the laboratory.

Download or read book Direct Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion written by Arijit Bose and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Direct laser-driven fusion uses multiple laser beams to symmetrically illuminate a frozen deuterium-tritium shell. The motive is to produce a hot confined central plasma - the core - which would initiate fusion reactions and lead to self-heating by alpha particle energy deposition. The OMEGA laser produces ~25-30 kJ of on-target energy, approximately 1.4% of the energy available on the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Currently, the NIF is not configured to perform symmetric illumination while the 60 beam OMEGA routinely irradiates targets symmetrically. To help motivate NIF to explore direct drive targets in a future symmetric illumination configuration, OMEGA experimental results and their scaling provide a valuable and cost-effective tool. This theoretical and numerical analysis shows that the experiments at the OMEGA [Regan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 025001 (2016)] when hydrodynamically scaled to 1.9 MJ would produce several times the fusion energy output than that achieved with the highest performing indirectly driven targets at NIF [Hurricane et al, Nature 506, 343{348 (2014)]. In order to determine the optimal path to thermonuclear ignition, it is necessary to have a metric to estimate implosion performance and the level of alpha heating. A simple model describing the final stage of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions and the performance metric is shown. The Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) produces long- and mid-wavelength distortions of the core, which degrade the implosion performance. A theoretical analysis of the effect of the two types of asymmetries on the implosion hydrodynamics and fusion neutronics is discussed. The experimental observables for the high performing OMEGA implosions were analyzed for investigation of the degradation sources, this is essential for future improvements of the implosion quality. The analysis of several repeats of the cryogenic implosion experiments suggests a systematic degradation mechanism a ecting the implosions. It is found that using a combination of the two types of asymmetries, all of the experimentally observed implosion core conditions could be simultaneously reproduced in simulations. The scaling of the core to NIF required developing a theoretical understanding of the scaling of the deceleration-phase RTI. The scaling of thermal conduction and radiation transport, which mitigate the RTI growth, is shown. It is found that the degradation of implosion performance caused by the RTI is similar for NIF and OMEGA. Using all of these, a general fusion-yield extrapolation procedure has been developed to estimate ICF implosion performance at higher laser energies. The scaling assumes only that the implosion hydrodynamic effciency is unchanged at higher energies, and relies solely on a volumetric scaling of the experimentally observed core conditions. Since the stagnation physics for conventional hot-spot ignition is equivalent for both direct- and indirect-drive, the technique, in general, can be applied to both. Using this, the OMEGA experiments were extrapolated to NIF scale. It is estimated that the current best-performing OMEGA implosion extrapolated to a 1.9 MJ laser driver with the same illumination configuration and laser-target coupling would produce 125 kJ of fusion energy, with similar levels of alpha heating as observed on NIF implosions, but with ~5 times more fusion energy; showing the advantage of direct drive over indirect drive as one approaches the burning plasma regime. Correction of the systematic degradation in the OMEGA implosions - by improving either the low- or mid-mode symmetry - can produce conditions for a burning plasma when scaled to NIF energies."--Pages xi-xiv.

Download or read book Assessment of Inertial Confinement Fusion Targets written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-07-17 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the fall of 2010, the Office of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Secretary for Science asked for a National Research Council (NRC) committee to investigate the prospects for generating power using inertial confinement fusion (ICF) concepts, acknowledging that a key test of viability for this concept-ignition -could be demonstrated at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in the relatively near term. The committee was asked to provide an unclassified report. However, DOE indicated that to fully assess this topic, the committee's deliberations would have to be informed by the results of some classified experiments and information, particularly in the area of ICF targets and nonproliferation. Thus, the Panel on the Assessment of Inertial Confinement Fusion Targets ("the panel") was assembled, composed of experts able to access the needed information. The panel was charged with advising the Committee on the Prospects for Inertial Confinement Fusion Energy Systems on these issues, both by internal discussion and by this unclassified report. A Panel on Fusion Target Physics ("the panel") will serve as a technical resource to the Committee on Inertial Confinement Energy Systems ("the Committee") and will prepare a report that describes the R&D challenges to providing suitable targets, on the basis of parameters established and provided to the Panel by the Committee. The Panel on Fusion Target Physics will prepare a report that will assess the current performance of fusion targets associated with various ICF concepts in order to understand: 1. The spectrum output; 2. The illumination geometry; 3. The high-gain geometry; and 4. The robustness of the target design. The panel addressed the potential impacts of the use and development of current concepts for Inertial Fusion Energy on the proliferation of nuclear weapons information and technology, as appropriate. The Panel examined technology options, but does not provide recommendations specific to any currently operating or proposed ICF facility.

Download or read book The Impact of Laser Plasma Interactions on Three Dimensional Drive Symmetry in Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inertial Confinement Fusion written by John Lindl and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 1998-05-22 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using four-color throughout, this volume was subsidized by Lawrence Livermore Labs, where the Department of Defense funds research (within the National Ignition Faculty) into nuclear-weapons safety and fusion-energy production. Written by a chief researcher at the pre-eminent center of research in the nation, the book contains sufficient background, introductory material, and valuable information that is required reading in fusion research.

Download or read book Energy From The Nucleus The Science And Engineering Of Fission And Fusion written by Gerard M Crawley and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-08-11 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear energy is important both as a very large energy resource and as a source of carbon free energy. However incidents such as the Fukashima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), the Chernobyl disaster (1986), and the Three Mile Island accident (1979) have cast doubts on the future of nuclear fission as a major player in the future energy mix. This volume provides an excellent overview of the current situation regarding nuclear fission as well as a description of the enormous potential advantages offered by nuclear fusion including an essentially unlimited fuel supply with minimal environmental impact.Energy from the Nucleus focuses on the two main approaches to producing energy from the nucleus: fission and fusion. The chapters on nuclear fission cover the status of current and future generations of reactors as well as new safety requirements and the environmental impact of electricity production from nuclear fission. The chapters on nuclear fusion discuss both inertial confinement fusion and magnetic confinement fusion, including the new international fusion test facility, ITER. The expertise of the authors, who are active participants in the respective technologies, ensures that the information provided is both reliable and current. Their views will no doubt enlighten our understanding of the future of energy from the nucleus.

Download or read book The Physics of Inertial Fusion written by Stefano Atzeni and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2004-06-03 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is on inertial confinement fusion, an alternative way to produce electrical power from hydrogen fuel by using powerful lasers or particle beams. It involves the compression of tiny amounts (micrograms) of fuel to thousand times solid density and pressures otherwise existing only in the centre of stars. Thanks to advances in laser technology, it is now possible to produce such extreme states of matter in the laboratory. Recent developments have boosted laser intensities again with new possibilities for laser particle accelerators, laser nuclear physics, and fast ignition of fusion targets. This is a reference book for those working on beam plasma physics, be it in the context of fundamental research or applications to fusion energy or novel ultra-bright laser sources. The book combines quite different areas of physics: beam target interaction, dense plasmas, hydrodynamic implosion and instabilities, radiative energy transfer as well as fusion reactions. Particular attention is given to simple and useful modelling, including dimensional analysis and similarity solutions. Both authors have worked in this field for more than 20 years. They want to address in particular those teaching this topic to students and all those interested in understanding the technical basis.

Download or read book An Assessment of the Prospects for Inertial Fusion Energy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-07-05 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential for using fusion energy to produce commercial electric power was first explored in the 1950s. Harnessing fusion energy offers the prospect of a nearly carbon-free energy source with a virtually unlimited supply of fuel. Unlike nuclear fission plants, appropriately designed fusion power plants would not produce the large amounts of high-level nuclear waste that requires long-term disposal. Due to these prospects, many nations have initiated research and development (R&D) programs aimed at developing fusion as an energy source. Two R&D approaches are being explored: magnetic fusion energy (MFE) and inertial fusion energy (IFE). An Assessment of the Prospects for Inertial Fusion Energy describes and assesses the current status of IFE research in the United States; compares the various technical approaches to IFE; and identifies the scientific and engineering challenges associated with developing inertial confinement fusion (ICF) in particular as an energy source. It also provides guidance on an R&D roadmap at the conceptual level for a national program focusing on the design and construction of an inertial fusion energy demonstration plant.

Download or read book An Introduction to Inertial Confinement Fusion written by Susanne Pfalzner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-03-02 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Newcomers to the field of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) often have difficulty establishing a clear picture of the overall field. The reason for this is because, while there are many books devoted to special topics within the field, there is none that provides an overview of the field as a whole. An Introduction to Inertial Confinement Fusion fi

Download or read book Laser Matter Interaction for Radiation and Energy written by Hitendra K. Malik and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-03-15 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interaction of high-power lasers with matter can generate Terahertz radiations that efficiently contribute to THz Time-Domain Spectroscopy and also would replace X-rays in medical and security applications. When a short intense laser pulse ionizes a gas, it may produce new frequencies even in VUV to XUV domain. The duration of XUV pulses can be confined down to the isolated attosecond pulse levels, required to study the electronic re-arrangement and ultrafast processes. Another important aspect of laser-matter interaction is the laser thermonuclear fusion control where accelerated particles also find an efficient use. This book provides comprehensive coverage of the most essential topics, including Electromagnetic waves and lasers THz radiation using semiconducting materials / nanostructures / gases / plasmas Surface plasmon resonance THz radiation detection Particle acceleration technologies X-ray lasers High harmonics and attosecond lasers Laser based techniques of thermonuclear fusion Controlled fusion devices including NIF and ITER The book comprises of 11 chapters and every chapter starts with a lucid introduction to the main topic. Then sub-topics are sedulously discussed keeping in mind their basics, methodology, state-of-the-art and future perspective that will prove to be salutary for readers. High quality solved examples are appended to the chapters for their deep understanding and relevant applications. In view of the nature of the topics and their level of discussion, this book is expected to have pre-eminent potential for researchers along with postgraduate and undergraduate students all over the world.

Download or read book 29th International Symposium on Shock Waves 2 written by Riccardo Bonazza and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-10 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings present the results of the 29th International Symposium on Shock Waves (ISSW29) which was held in Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A., from July 14 to July 19, 2013. It was organized by the Wisconsin Shock Tube Laboratory, which is part of the College of Engineering of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The ISSW29 focused on the following areas: Blast Waves, Chemically Reactive Flows, Detonation and Combustion, Facilities, Flow Visualization, Hypersonic Flow, Ignition, Impact and Compaction, Industrial Applications, Magnetohydrodynamics, Medical and Biological Applications, Nozzle Flow, Numerical Methods, Plasmas, Propulsion, Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability, Shock-Boundary Layer Interaction, Shock Propagation and Reflection, Shock Vortex Interaction, Shock Waves in Condensed Matter, Shock Waves in Multiphase Flow, as well as Shock Waves in Rarefield Flow. The two Volumes contain the papers presented at the symposium and serve as a reference for the participants of the ISSW 29 and individuals interested in these fields.

Download or read book Frontiers in High Energy Density Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-11 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent scientific and technical advances have made it possible to create matter in the laboratory under conditions relevant to astrophysical systems such as supernovae and black holes. These advances will also benefit inertial confinement fusion research and the nation's nuclear weapon's program. The report describes the major research facilities on which such high energy density conditions can be achieved and lists a number of key scientific questions about high energy density physics that can be addressed by this research. Several recommendations are presented that would facilitate the development of a comprehensive strategy for realizing these research opportunities.

Download or read book Inertial Confinement Fusion Materials Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demonstration of thermonuclear ignition and gain on a laboratory scale is one of science's grand challenges. The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is committed to achieving inertial confinement fusion (ICF) by 2010. Success in this endeavor depends on four elements: the laser driver performance, target design, experimental diagnostics performance, and target fabrication and target materials performance. This article discusses the current state of target fabrication and target materials performance. The first three elements will only be discussed insofar as they relate to target fabrication specifications and target materials performance. Excellent reviews of the physics of ICF are given by Lindl [Lindl 1998] and Lindl et al. [Lindl 2004]. To achieve conditions under which inertial confinement is sufficient to achieve thermonuclear burn, an imploded fuel capsule is compressed to conditions of high density and temperature. In the laboratory a driver is required to impart energy to the capsule to effect an implosion. There are three drivers currently being considered for ICF in the laboratory: high-powered lasers, accelerated heavy ions, and x rays resulting from pulsed power machines. Of these, high-powered lasers are the most developed, provide the most symmetric drive, and provide the most energy. Laser drive operates in two configurations. The first is direct drive where the laser energy impinges directly on the ICF capsule and drives the implosion. The second is indirect drive, where the energy from the laser is first absorbed in a high-Z enclosure or hohlraum surrounding the capsule, and the resulting x-rays emitted by the hohlraum material drives the implosion. Using direct drive the laser beam energy is absorbed by the electrons in the outer corona of the target. The electrons transport the energy to the denser shell region to provide the ablation and the resulting implosion. Laser direct drive is generally less efficient and more hydrodynamically unstable than the x-ray driven ablation of indirect drive. The symmetry of the implosion depends sensitively on the balance of the intensity of the individual beams driving the target. Variations in intensity imprint perturbations on the target that are amplified by hydrodynamic instabilities. Indirect drive is less efficient at coupling energy to a capsule than direct drive because of the conversion to x-rays in the hohlraum. However, indirect drive is less sensitive to variations in beam intensity and hydrodynamic instabilities. The ignition threshold for directly-driven and indirectly-driven targets is about the same. However, the gain is calculated to be about a factor of 2 greater in directly driven targets.

Download or read book Stability and Symmetry in Inertial Confinement Fusion written by M. H. Emery and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The asymmetries of spherical implosions driven by direct laser illuminations are of fundamental concern to the inertial confinement fusion community because they provide severe limitations on high gain pellet designs. Theoretical progress on several fronts has recently been made through numerical simulations in providing a more complete understanding of the physical processes involved in these asymmetries and instabilities. The results also suggest methods of controlling these processes and their implications for laser fusion systems design. Stability and symmetry issues have been investigated. Laser matter coupling and scaling laws relating the asymmetry results to spherical pellet designs have been investigated. Principle results include finding (1) the requirements for thermal smoothing of laser nonuniformities, (2) reduced Rayleigh-Taylor growth rates and saturation via the nonlinear Kelvin-Helmholtz roll-up, (3) that perturbation wavelengths greater than the shell thicknesses are most likely to cause an asymmetric implosion, (4) a new theory based on vortex shedding that explains the reduced linear Rayleigh-Taylor growth rates and (5) a possible wavelength-intensity window for direct illumination where the requirements of pellet velocity, symmetry, and efficiency necessary for high gain can be simultaneously met.

Download or read book Management Information And Optoelectronic Engineering Proceedings Of The 2016 International Conference written by Yongsheng Gao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings brings together 59 selected articles presented at the joint conferences of the International Conference on Management, Information and Communication (ICMIC2016) and the International Conference on Optics and Electronics Engineering (ICOEE2016), which were held in Guilin, China, during May 28-29, 2016.ICMIC2016 and ICOEE2016 provide a platform for researchers, engineers, academicians as well as industrial professionals from all over the world to present their latest findings and results in the development in Information Management, Communication, Optics and Electronics host by ICMIC2016 and ICOEE2016.The proceedings collected the latest research results and applications in the related areas. We hope to enlighten readers with some latest developments in Information Management, and Optics Electronics presented at the joint conferences.

Download or read book Progress in Advanced Structural and Functional Materials Design written by Tomoyuki Kakeshita and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes clearly various research topics investigated for these 10 years in the Research Center of Advanced Structural and Functional Materials Design in Osaka University, Japan. Every chapter is aimed at understanding most advanced researches in materials science by describing its fundamentals and details as much as possible. Since both general explanations and cutting-edge commentaries are given for each topic in this book, it provides a lot of useful information for ordinary readers as well as materials scientists & engineers who wish to understand the future development in materials science fields of metals, alloys, ceramics, semiconductors etc. In particular, this book deals with special fusion area of structural and functional materials such as medical bone materials, of which contents are very unique features as materials science textbook.

Download or read book The World Scientific Handbook of Energy written by Gerard M. Crawley and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts and key personnel straddling academia and related agencies and industries provide critical data for further exploration and research.